"Triple play, conceptually analyzed from different angles and levels, can involve technology integration, business integration, industry integration, terminal integration and network integration." Fu Xin sat in the conference room, facing Zhou Zhengming and Gao Wenxin, and talked eloquently.

"Triple play mainly requires the following technologies:

The first is basic digital technology.

The rapid development and full adoption of digital technologies has made it possible for telephone, data, and image signals to be transmitted and exchanged through a uniform code, and all services will become a uniform "0" or "1" bit stream in the network.

All services will become a unified 0/1 bit stream in the digital network, so that voice, data, audio and video can be transmitted, exchanged, routed and provided through different networks, and stored through digital terminals or presented in front of people in a visual and auditory way.

The second is broadband technology.

The main body of broadband technology is optical fiber communication technology. One of the purposes of network convergence is to provide unified services through a single network. In order to provide unified services, it is necessary to have a network platform that can support the transmission of various multimedia or streaming media services such as audio and video. These services are characterized by large business requirements, large data volumes, and high service quality requirements, so they generally require very large bandwidth during transmission.

In addition, from an economic point of view, the cost should not be too high. In this way, high-capacity and sustainable high-capacity fiber optic communication technology is the best choice for transmission media. The development of broadband technology, especially optical communication technology, provides the necessary bandwidth, transmission quality and low cost for the transmission of various service information.

Some experts in the United States have predicted that optical communication technology will become the pillar technology in the field of contemporary communications, and now optical communication technology is developing at a rate of 100 times per decade. The optical fiber transmission network with huge capacity is the ideal transmission platform of the "three networks" and the main physical carrier of the future information superhighway.

The third is software technology.

Software technology is the nervous system of the information dissemination network, and the development of software technology enables the three major networks and their terminals to finally support the features, functions and services required by various users through software changes. Modern communication equipment will become highly intelligent and software-based products.

After the digitization of IP technology content. It is not yet possible to directly carry on the communication network medium, and it is also necessary to build a bridge between the content and the transmission medium through IP technology. I

Emergence of IP technology. It satisfies the need to establish a simple and unified mapping between a variety of physical media and a variety of application requirements, and can smoothly integrate, synthesize, and unify a variety of business data, a variety of software and hardware environments, and a variety of communication protocols, and comprehensively schedule and manage network resources, so that various IP-based services can be interconnected on different networks.

The widespread adoption of the IP protocol enables all kinds of IP-based services to be interconnected on different networks, and it does not matter what the specific underlying infrastructure network is.

The development of optical communication technology provides the necessary bandwidth and high transmission quality for the comprehensive transmission of various service information, and has become an ideal platform for triple play services.

With the development of software technology, the three major networks and their terminals have undergone software changes to finally support the features, functions, and services required by various users.

The widespread adoption of the unified TCP/IP protocol. It will enable all kinds of IP-based services to be interoperable on different networks. For the first time, mankind has a unified communication protocol that can be accepted by the three major networks, which has laid the most solid foundation for the integration of the three networks from a technical point of view. ”

"What is the TCP/IP protocol?" Zhou Zhengming asked with great interest.

Fu Xin pondered and replied: "TCP/IP protocol is the abbreviation of Transmission_Control_Protocol/Internet_Protocol, Chinese translated as transmission control protocol/Internet interconnection protocol, also known as network communication protocol, is the most basic protocol of the Internet, the basis of the Internet international Internet network, composed of the IP protocol of the network layer and the TCP protocol of the transport layer. This TCP/IP protocol has not been produced for a long time, and it should not have been introduced to our country yet.

The TCP/IP protocol originated in the United States, and before him, there was an ARPANET (ARPA). However, at the beginning of ARPANET's operation, there were not many computers that were connected through interface signal processors, and most of them were not compatible with each other. Work done on one computer. It is difficult to get another computer to use, and it is also difficult to connect computers with different hardware and software.

The state of affairs in the United States at that time was. The computers used by the army are DEC series products, and the computers used by the navy are the Honeywell winning machines. The Air Force uses the computers that IBM won the bid, and the computers of each branch of the military work well in their respective departments. But there is a big drawback, and that is that resources cannot be shared.

At that time, scientists came up with the idea that all computers are created equal. In order for these inherently equal computers to be able to share resources, it is necessary to establish a standard that everyone must abide by on top of the standards of these systems, so that different computers can 'negotiate' according to certain rules and 'shake hands' after negotiation.

In the process of defining the 'rules of negotiation' between computers on the Internet today, the most important figure was the American scientist Cerf. It is his efforts that have made it possible for today's different computers to be connected to the Internet according to the protocol. As a result, Cerf earned the same reputation as Klein Rocker, the father of the Internet.

From a young age, Cerf liked to be unconventional, strong and passionate. When he was in high school, he was allowed to use a UCLA computer, and he thought that "programming a computer is a very exciting thing, and if you program it, you can make it do anything." ’

In 1965, after graduating from Stanford University and working as a systems engineer at an IBM company, Cerf felt that his knowledge was not enough, so he went to the University of California, Los Angeles to study for a Ph.D. at that time, coinciding with the establishment of the ARPANET, the research and testing of the 'Interface Signal Processing Machine' (IMP) and the establishment of the Network Evaluation Center, and Cerf also became a student of the famous scientist Klein Rock.

Cerf and three other young men, Winfield, Crocker and Braden, were involved in the connection of the first node of the ARPANET. Shortly thereafter, BBN was recognized as a great contributor to the development of the ARPANET. Kahn also came to UCLA.

In those days, it was often Karn who asked what software he needed, and Cerf worked all night to compile the software that did fit, and then they tested it together until it worked.

At that time, the main pattern was as follows: Roberts proposed the network idea to design the network layout, Kahn designed the overall structure of the ARPANET, Klein Roch was responsible for the network evaluation system, and many scientists and graduate students participated in the research and experiments.

After the birth and operation of ARPANET in September 69, it was discovered that when each IMP was connected, it was necessary to consider using signals recognized by various computers to open the communication channel, and to close the channel after the data passed.

Otherwise these IMPs won't know when they should receive a signal and when they should end, which is the concept of what we call a communication "protocol".

In December 1970, the original communication protocol was developed by Kahn and with Cerf the 'Network Control Protocol' (NCP), but it was not easy to establish a common standard, and scientists were working on it after the International Conference on Computer Communications in October '72.

The 'packet switching' theory provides a theoretical basis for how networks are connected to each other.

On the basis of his own research, Kahn realized that only by deeply understanding the details of various operating systems can he establish a universal protocol for various operating systems, and in '73 Kahn asked Cerf to consider the details of this protocol, and the result of their cooperation was the 'Transmission Control Protocol' (TCP, Transmission-Control_Protocol) that all Internet users and network administrators under the open system are using. Internet Protocol (IP, Internet_Protocol) is the TCP/IP protocol.

In layman's terms, TCP is responsible for spotting problems with transmissions and signaling that they need to be retransmitted as soon as there is a problem until all data is safely and correctly transmitted to its destination. IP is an address for every computer on the Internet.

In December 1974, Kahn and Cerf's first detailed description of the TCP protocol was published.

At that time, the U.S. Department of Defense signed an agreement with three teams of scientists to complete TCP/IP, and as a result, the team led by Cerf was the first to develop a well-defined TCP/IP protocol standard.

At that time, an experiment was carried out, the information packet through the point-to-point satellite network, then through the land cable, then through the satellite network, and then from the ground, through Europe and the United States, through various computer systems, the whole journey of 94,000 kilometers without losing a single bit of data, long-distance reliable data transmission proved the success of the TCP/IP protocol.

On January 1, 1983, NCP, which had been used for a long time, was discontinued, and the TCP/IP protocol was affirmed and applied as a common protocol among all hosts on the Internet.

Unfortunately, our country has not yet been connected to the Internet, and it is normal for our country to know the TCP/IP protocol, but this situation has also led to our country not being able to seize the opportunity on the Internet, but is still very backward, alas...... The gap between our country and foreign countries is really too big! ”

Fu Xin sighed helplessly, and he had no way to change this situation. The body is weak and the heart is weak! Without the support of the state, he would not have been able to do it alone!

"Minister Gao, what do you think about this matter?" Zhou Zhengming kicked the ball to Gao Wenxin's feet.

Gao Wenxin was not in the mood to go to Zhou Zhengming to play scheming and infighting at this time, he thought about it carefully, looked at Fu Xin, and said, "Comrade Fu Xin, you go on." (To be continued......)