To understand the topic of tomb robbing, we must start by understanding the burial system. The ancient word "burial" means to bury the body in the grass.

Since the beginning of primitive society, human beings have known how to dig earth pits to bury corpses, and have stone tools, clay pots and other burial goods. With the development of human productive forces, the burial system has become more and more perfect, and the burial goods have become more and more abundant.

During the Shang Dynasty, China's slavery system was developed, and the princes drove the slaves to dig large earth pits and bury the corpses in thick wooden coffins, and there were abundant burial goods in the coffins, in the tombs, and even in the tombs.

The burial goods include bronze ritual vessels, weapons, tools, chariots and horses, jade, stone, bone, horn, ivory, white pottery, etc., with a wide variety and exquisite production, among which the deer and ox fangding unearthed from the No. 4 tomb of the Shang Dynasty princely cemetery can be called the royal heavy weapon; Simu Wu Dafang Ding is the heaviest bronze of the Shang Dynasty and can be called a world-class treasure.

The wind of thick burial is blowing more and more fiercely, the princes and princes are holding funerals, and naturally the small slave owners also follow suit according to their ranks, and thick burials have become a social atmosphere, and with the development of productive forces, the specifications of tombs are getting bigger and bigger. In the late Spring and Autumn period, the tombs began to pile up earth heads to show grandeur, and it is recorded in the Book of Rites and Tan Gong that Confucius built a mound for the tomb of his parents, and believed that there was no mound before, and "no seal and no tree", "tomb but not grave, and level with the ground" were not spectacular enough.

Archaeological discoveries show that since the middle of the Warring States period, the monarchs of Zhao, Qin, Chu, Yan, Qi, Han and other countries have built tall tombs after their deaths, and they are respectfully called "mausoleums", which means that they are as tall as mountains and forests, and also symbolize the dignity and lofty status of royal power. Since then, the style of mound-like tombs that we see in modern times has basically been determined.

The tombs of this era are solemn in appearance and rich in content, and the burial goods are mainly various bronze vessels, including wine vessels, musical instruments, eating and drinking vessels, weapons, chariots and horses, tools, etc., as well as various exquisite lacquerware...... The prince's underground daily necessities are equipped with complete sets and types.

Among them, the tripod and the gui are the most important, the number and combination of their burials are the symbols of the aristocratic status at that time: the son of heaven eats with nine tripods and eight tripods, the princes use seven tripods and six tripods, the secretary doctor uses five tripods and four tripods, among the scholars, the three tripods and two tripods with high positions, and so on only one of the lone tripods.

After Qin Shi Huang unified China, he consciously made himself higher than the three emperors and five emperors, and he was called "the first emperor", and his mausoleum was also magnificent, and it was the largest imperial cemetery in China. The original height of the mound is about 115 meters, and the height of the remnants is still 76 meters, and the burial goods have been excavated with the Qin terracotta warriors, copper chariots and horses, rare birds and beast pits, etc. The main burial chamber, as large as a football field, is well preserved and has not yet been excavated, and the funerary goods are estimated to be extremely rich, and if he can be excavated one day, it will be the most glorious page in the history of human archaeology.

The independent cemetery system began to sprout from the Yongcheng Qin Cemetery in the Spring and Autumn Period, and experienced further development such as the Qin Dongling Tomb and the Zhongshan Tomb during the Warring States Period, and finally established the Mausoleum of Qin Shi Huang. After Qin Shi Huang, all generations of emperors have set up cemeteries independently, and the burial goods are also constantly improving.

By the time of the Western Han Dynasty, the shape and structure of the burial chamber completely mimicked the houses, palaces, and courtyards in real life. There are murals, portrait bricks, stone carvings in the tomb, and the burial goods include treasures, dead vessels, terracotta figurines, pottery pigs, chariots and horses, colorful clothes, silk paintings, grains, melons and fruits, etc., and the supplies in front of and behind are all-encompassing, and it is truly "death as life".

During the wars of the Three Kingdoms, the Two Jin Dynasties, and the Northern and Southern Dynasties, the mausoleum was not prosperous for a time, or the size of the mausoleum was relatively small. After the unification of the Tang Dynasty, the national strength was strong, and the rulers began to build mausoleums again.

Although Tang Taizong Li Shimin preached "thin burial" to "annihilate the thief's heart", in fact, his Zhaoling "because of the mountain for the mausoleum", a radius of dozens of kilometers, very luxurious, the funeral goods are also naturally fruitful, it is rumored that the world-famous calligrapher Wang Xi's handwritten "Orchid Pavilion Preface" is in it. The Tang Dynasty poet Du Fu once wrote a poem describing the glorious and magnificent scene of the Zhaoling Xuangong.

The Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms were also a period of great chaos in Chinese history, with social turmoil, national decline, and very small cemetery specifications. Construction of the mausoleum in the Northern Song Dynasty began only after the emperor's death, and the entire work had to be completed within seven months.

For this reason, the cemeteries of the Northern Song Dynasty were not as large as those of the Tang Dynasty. Six of the nine emperors of the Southern Song Dynasty were buried in Shaoxing. Because the Southern Song Dynasty is partial to peace, there is still the need to recover the land on the face, the emperor's burial is only a "temporary burial", and he will move back to the old capital in the future, so the specifications of the cemetery are extremely small, there is neither a tall tomb, nor a beautiful stone carving made on both sides of the Shinto, and it has fallen to the point that it is even inferior to the specifications of the princely tomb of the previous dynasty.

Although the Yuan Dynasty was strong, they developed in tribal strife, leaving behind the old habits of tribal life. Their emperors were secretly buried to prevent retaliatory excavations by their enemies. According to historical records, the Mongolian nobles did not go to the grave after their death, and after the burial, they "rubbed them with horses to make them flat", and then in this cemetery, in front of the mother camel, killed the child camel and drenched in blood on the ground.

In the coming year, if the royal family wants to sacrifice, they will pull the poor she-camel to lead the way, but when they see the sad whining of the she-camel, it is considered a cemetery. Since there are no signs on the cemetery, it is impossible to identify the actual location of the coffin.

According to Liu Yuhao's understanding, the current Genghis Khan Mausoleum is only a clothed mound, and the specific burial site is not recorded in historical records because the witnesses and soul guards along the way were wiped out at that time.

During the Qing Dynasty of the Ming Dynasty, the imperial power was further expanded, the emperor's cemetery was exquisite, the Ming Tombs, the Qing Dynasty East and West Tombs, the pattern was a small palace, the decoration was gorgeous, and it was a treasure of human culture.

In particular, the Ming Dynasty works in the civil engineering, in the Ming Ming Tombs, built in the eleventh year of Yongle, the Changling Lingen Hall of Ming Chengzu Zhu Di, the whole hall is supported by 60 golden silk nanmu giant pillars with a diameter of 1.17 meters and a height of 14.30 meters, and its wood is large, which is the most surviving wooden structure.

The imperial tombs of the Ming and Qing dynasties are buried with a large number of treasures. There are more than 3,000 pieces of cultural relics unearthed in the Ming Ding Mausoleum, the financial revenue of the Qing Dynasty is much higher than that of the Ming Dynasty, the treasury is full, and the burial goods in the mausoleum should be more abundant.

To put it bluntly, the main motive of tomb robbers is to explore treasures and plunder burial goods.

Today, when the price of cultural relics is very expensive on the black market, there are many people who are hungry for profit, and the current tomb robbers, not exaggerating, are more proficient in knowledge than the experts in the cultural relics department, and the tools are even more advanced.

If a tomb is discovered by them, it usually takes a quick approach, and the speed is so fast that even the antiquities department is amazed, and the tools used, some of which even archaeological experts can't name.

Liu Yuhao was very strange, why Shi Bao's poor was already full of fishy smell, but he didn't do anything about the tomb for a long time.

Unless, unless there is some secret in the tomb itself.

Or maybe it's something that Shi Bao is hiding.

"Brother Shi, in fact, I'm just curious, since you don't want to say it, then I won't be reluctant." Liu Yuhao said with a smile.

Shi Bao's face was embarrassed, he frowned, and finally told the truth, "Mr. Liu, it's not that I deliberately want to hide anything, in fact, it's an empty tomb, and there is nothing in it." ”

"You mean, the one has been stolen?"

Liu Yuhao was stunned, and it wasn't until he confirmed that Shi Bao didn't look like he was lying, so he turned his gaze to the old objects that Shi Bao brought, and he couldn't move away.

"I knew Mr. Liu would definitely not believe it."

Shi Bao smiled bitterly, sighed, and then squeezed out an ugly smile and said: "Actually, I don't believe it, but Shi Cheng has never lied to me, and there is no reason for him to make such a big joke with me this time." ”

The reason why Shi Bao wants to "return to his old business" is nothing more than to get some money to treat his daughter's illness, and Shi Ping is also Shi Cheng's niece, from this point of view, Shi Cheng does not have the need to deceive Shi Bao.

But how can there be a rule for the affairs of the world?

In case Shi Cheng saw that Qian was open-minded and deliberately told Shi Bao that the tomb had been stolen, and then he sneaked into the tomb again to hunt for treasure, this situation could not be ignored.

Shi Bao obviously saw the doubts in the other party's heart from Liu Yuhao's gaze, shook his head and said: "Mr. Liu, that tomb is a typical brick chamber tomb of a Song Dynasty imitation wood structure building, I can deduce the truth or falsehood of what he said only by the time it takes for Shi Cheng to step on the point." ”

Liu Yuhao was surprised: "Such a god? Brother Shi, is there any way here? ”

Generally speaking, Liu Yuhao's behavior of inquiring about other people's privacy has violated the taboo of some specific "professions", but fortunately, he is not a defender, and Shi Bao has never thought of robbing tombs for the rest of his life, so it doesn't hurt to be curious.

Despite this, Shi Bao's face was still a little strange, and after thinking about it for a while, he reluctantly replied: "Mr. Liu used to be an archaeology major, why do you even have to ask such a simple truth?" ”

"Ugh"

Liu Yuhao's old face suddenly turned red, and he didn't know what to say the rest of the words.

If it weren't for Shi Bao reminding Liu Yuhao, he would have almost forgotten that the tombs of the Song Dynasty were generally single-chamber tombs, and the larger tombs in the later period were divided into two rooms. Since the scale of the tomb in the Song Dynasty is not large, it must not take long to step on the point, Shi Bao inferred its scale based on the age of the tomb, with this premise, as long as it is a smart person, it is easy to judge its authenticity from what Shi Cheng said.

In the early years of the Northern Song Dynasty, the imitation wood structure in the tomb was still very simple. It was not until the middle of the Northern Song Dynasty that it reached a level of maturity and thus became a special type of brick chamber tomb.

Since then, the plan of the burial chamber has evolved from square or circular to equilateral polygonal, and the imitation wood structure has evolved from a simple "one bucket and three liters" or "twisted neck" to a five-shop double, and from a mullioned window to a carved lattice door.

The tomb is mostly decorated with murals or carved bricks, and its content is mainly to show the daily life of the tomb owner, especially the scene of the tomb owner and his wife holding a "feast", and sometimes there are also filial piety story pictures.

In some tombs of the late Northern Song Dynasty, there are also miscellaneous carved bricks. The back wall of the tomb is often carved with "women's door" carved bricks. There were very few burial goods, probably because the various utensils and objects were sufficiently painted on the frescoes and carved bricks.

Thinking about this, Liu Yuhao smiled and said, "Brother Shi, don't mind, I guessed just now." ”