Chapter 521: The White Horse's Saying (II)

"Confucius also lost?" Yun Xian asked.

"It's not Confucius, it's a descendant of Confucius." Yun Ximing said, "The story goes like this, the sixth grandson of Confucius, who was famous and thought he was smart, went to the door to debate in order to refute Gongsun Long's claim, but was refuted by Gongsun Long and suffered defeat.

The debate took place at the house of Pingyuan Jun of Zhao State. ”

Kong Chuan said to Gongsun Long: I have always heard that Mr. has noble morals, and he has long been willing to be a disciple, but he can't agree with Mr.'s doctrine that a white horse is not a horse! Please give up this statement, and I will ask to be your disciple. However, this white horse is not a horse is the proud work of Gongsun Long's fame, if he wants to give it up, then his Gongsun Long will not be Gongsun Long. Therefore, Gongsun Long replied to Kong Chuan: Sir's words are wrong, and I am only famous because of the doctrine of the white horse. If I were to give it up now, there would be nothing to teach. Then Gongsun Long criticized Kong Chuan's attitude towards learning: People who want to worship others as teachers are always inferior to others in intelligence and academics; Now you want me to give up my doctrine, which is to teach me first, and then worship me as a teacher. It is wrong to teach me first and then worship me as a teacher. Yun Ximing said.

"In the skirmish, the hole penetration is already at a disadvantage. Gongsun Long deserves to be regarded as a well-spoken logician. After he taught the hole-piercing lesson, he propagated his own theory against the piercing person. Yun Ning said.

Not only that, Gongsun Long also quoted scriptures and said: The saying that a white horse is not a horse is also approved by Confucius. What Confucius approves, can you disagree with? As a result, Piercing immediately didn't know how to answer. Yun Ximing said.

"What? Old Master Confucius also said this scoundrel's words? Dazhe asked.

"The record of the ancient book is like this: The king of Chu traveled. Death bow, left and right request. The king said: Stop, the king of Chu lost his bow, and the people of Chu got it, so what could they ask for! When Confucius heard it, it was a pity that it was not big, and it was not said that people left bows, but people only got it, so why bother with Chu. Yun Ximing said, "It means that the king of Chu lost a bow while hunting." But he prevented his subordinates from looking for the bow. He said: It is the people of Chu who lose the bow, and the people who get the bow are also the people of Chu, so why bother looking for the bow? This incident shows the broad-mindedness of the king of Chu in two ways: on the one hand, the king of Chu does not mind losing his bow. willing to let another Chu person get a bow; On the other hand. Though he is a king. But he doesn't mind letting a subject get a bow, and regards the king and the subject as equal Chu people. However, Confucius thought that the king of Chu was not broad-minded enough, and he said: It is a man who loses his bow. The one who gets the bow is also a person, so why bother if it is a person from Chu who gets the bow? It can be seen that in the mind of Confucius, everyone is an equal person like anyone else in the world. ”

So Gongsun Long used this allusion to tell Kong Chuan. Gongsun Long told this story to Kong Chuan: The king of Chu once opened his weak bow, loaded it with arrows to return to the dead, and hunted in Yunmeng's farm, but lost the bow. The attendants begged to find it. The king of Chu said: No need. The people of Chu lost their bows, and the people of Chu picked them up, so why bother looking for them? Zhong Ni heard it and said: The benevolence and righteousness of the king of Chu have not yet been achieved. It should be said that people lose their bows and people pick them up, so why talk about Chu State? Gongsun Long commented: According to this, Zhong Ni distinguishes Chu people from people. It is wrong for people to affirm Zhongni's statement that he distinguishes between Chu and people, but deny my statement that he distinguishes between white horses and horses. At the end, Gongsun Long made a concluding remarks: Mr. followed Confucian scholarship, but opposed the views that Zhong Ni agreed; They wanted to learn from me, and they told me to give up what I was trying to teach. Even if there are a hundred people like me, they won't be your teacher at all! Piercing couldn't answer, and even felt embarrassed. Yun Ximing said.

"This kid of the Kong family is really embarrassed." Dazhe said.

"It can't be said that Gongsun Long's remarks are impeccable, but it can only be said that Kong Piercing is not capable of doing so. Later, there was a person's remarks, and when it came to this matter, it was a powerful response. I said, "The man said that the white horse is a horse; Riding a white horse is riding a horse. Lima is a horse; Riding a horse is riding a horse. A maid is a human being; A loving maid is a lover. Slaves are people; To love slave is to love people. That's what happened. To live in the country is to be in the country. There is a house in the country, not there is the whole country. The fruit of the peach is a peach. The fruit of thorns, not thorns. Condolences to the illness of the person is to comfort the person. The disease of misanthropy is not misogyny. A human ghost is not a human being. My brother's ghost is my brother's ghost. The ghosts that sacrifice people are not sacrificers. The ghost who sacrifices his brother is a sacrifice to his brother. This horse has small eyes, so it is called a horse with small eyes; This horse's eyes are big, but you can't call this horse big. The yellow hair of this cow is called a yellow cow; This cow has a lot of hair, but it can't be called a lot of this cow. One horse, is a horse, two horses, also a horse. The horse has four hooves, which means that a horse has four hooves, not two horses with four hooves. Some horses are white, which means that one of the two horses is white, and not one horse but some are white. This is the case of being right on one side and wrong on the other. These few sentences have broken the concept of white horses and non-horses. I said.

"That's really right, I'm cloudy, you cracked this Gongsun Long's remarks, it's too powerful." Dazhe said.

"I didn't crack it, Mozi said this." I say.

"Actually," Uncle Lu began his concluding remarks, "In our actual life, we must not subjectively and arbitrarily cut off the connection of things, grasp one aspect of things, and deny the other. Otherwise, the harm in theory and practice is enormous. Gongsun Long did see the contradictory and opposing aspects of the subject and the narrative in a proposition, and saw the difference between the general and the individual. But he stopped at this point and exaggerated it one-sidedly, thus denying the unifying aspect of the general and the individual, the aspect of interconnection. According to his theory, since the general and the individual are opposed to each other, the general can exist separately from the individual, and the general may not include the individual, and the individual may not need to be included in the general. This is what Gongsun Long said, so it can be a person who has a horse, and only a horse is a horse, and a white horse is a horse. In this way, the connection between the subject and the predicate in a proposition is severed. From this metaphysical point of view, it is inevitable to see the general as an independent and self-existing entity, and the result is objective idealism. The proposition that a white horse is not a horse was originally based on a certain understanding of dialectics, but the result is not desirable to transform into the opposite of dialectics. What Uncle Lu said really seemed to be a philosophy class, and Sister Wang Na on the side covered her mouth and couldn't help but smile secretly.

"Sister Wang Na, what are you laughing at?" Min Lan asked in a low voice.

"I laughed at Lao Lu and started taking philosophy classes again." Sister Wang Na said, Uncle Lu on the side scratched his head embarrassedly.

"In fact, Gongsun Long's point of view can't be said to be completely wrong, do you think he really thinks that the white horse is not a horse?" Yun Ximing asked.

"No, if he really thinks so, then he really has something wrong with his brain." Dazhe said.

"So, his rhetoric at the time was nothing more than a rhetoric that he wanted to bring his horse into the city. But this is also Gongsun Long's wisdom, what is powerful about him is not that his speech is rigorous, but that he is thoughtful and uses a perfect trick to steal the beam and change the pillar. The white horse is indeed not a horse, and Gongsun Long's argument actually refers to the fact that the meaning of the words white horse and horse is different, and this point cannot be refuted by anyone. Others think that Gongsun Long wants to prove that the white horse is not a kind of horse, because Gongsun Long secretly changed the concept, causing others to attack from the wrong direction all the time, and once Gongsun Long takes the initiative, he can change the concept and easily crush the other party from his way, because his concept is correct. To put it simply, Gongsun Long uses fact B to prove the existence of B, and then secretly changes the concept to show that A exists. So in the end it worked. Yun Ximing said.

"I think the ancients may have nothing to do when they were usually idle, where did you say they got all these strange ideas?" Dazhe said.

"Ancient people didn't have so much advanced technology, and they didn't have to worry about trivial things, and their time was more leisurely and pure than our modern people, so it's not surprising that they could have such thoughts." I say.

"There are a lot of strange ideas of the ancients, the beauty becomes a tiger, the technique of stealth, the theory of the fox fairy, the soul is fascinated, and the technique of time fighting in the vicissitudes of the sea is not all some strange ideas." Yun Ximing said.

"Human beings always like to imagine something they don't know, since ancient times, those ancient fairies, Wushan secret realms, and Penglai fairy islands are not all imaginary." Sister Wang Na said.

"But along the way, we have seen so many so-called conjectures, true and false, false and true, and we still need to explore the truth of this. The Hi clan is long gone, and although I am a descendant of the Hi clan, I can't understand what they are really waiting for. What I'm trying my best to find now is just the answer in my heart, I just want to use my own eyes to figure out the truth of the matter, whatever it is, that's all. I said.

"We are willing to follow you, and so is it." Uncle Lu said.

"Let's take care of the present for now." Sister Wang Na reminded, "After all, we are here this time, and the lives of many people are still at stake. ”

"Sister Wang Na is right, now I look back at the tomb built by Zuo Ci, and this stone tablet, it feels very strange. He is not from the Gongsun family, there is no need to promote such remarks, what kind of intention does he have to leave such a stone tablet in this place. I asked. (To be continued.) )