"It's ridiculous, I just became a deputy minister, and I put forward such a ridiculous plan, Director Lu, do you think this suit project can really be realized?"

In the office of the vice minister of science and technology, Vice Minister Zhou, who was ranked after Wang Ning, remembered everything that happened at the meeting and couldn't help but drop the documents in his hand. Pen | fun | pavilion www. ｂｉｑｕｇｅ。 ｉｎｆｏ

An hour ago, at the meeting of the heads of the people, Wang Ning, who had become the de facto head of the Ministry of Science and Technology, put forward a plan.

Originally, with Wang Ning's identity and his influence, many people were still very interested in Wang Ning's plan. However, as the plan was explained, Vice Minister Zhou felt more and more absurd.

Director Lu, who was in his thirties, with a fair face and a slender figure, heard Vice Minister Zhou's complaint, pushed his glasses, and said, "If it had been put in the past, I might have thought that Minister Wang Ning's plan would not have been realized. With modern technology, we can't use nuclear energy normally, let alone the core of the suit program: nuclear fusion reactors! ”

As early as 1929, Kocroft successfully transformed the nucleus of an atom using protons. However, it takes a lot of energy to cause a nuclear reaction with protons, and the chance of a proton and the target's nucleus colliding is very small.

In 1938, Otto Hahn and Huetlos succeeded in colliding neutrons and uranium atoms. This experiment is of great significance, not only because it causes the uranium atoms to simply split, but also reduces the total mass after fission, and at the same time releases energy. Of particular importance is the fission of uranium atoms, in addition to the fission fragments, two to three neutrons are emitted, which in turn can cause the fission of the next uranium atom, resulting in a chain reaction.

In January 1939, the news of the fission of uranium nuclei caused by neutrons reached Fermi's ears, when he had fled to the University of Fermi, the designer of the first nuclear reactor of mankind in Colombia, Fermi was a genius scientist, as soon as he heard the news, he immediately intuitively imagined the possibility of an atomic reactor and began to work hard for its realization. Fermi organized a team of researchers to conduct a thorough study of the issue of building an atomic reactor. Together with his assistants, Fermi often stayed up all night making theoretical calculations and thinking about the shape of the reactor.

On December 2, 1942, Fermi's research team gathered in front of a huge graphite-shaped reactor at the University of Chicago football stadium in the United States. At this time, Fermi sent a signal, and then from the huge reactor made of 7 tons of uranium fuel buried between the graphite, the control rod was slowly pulled out, and as the counter clicked, and when the control rod rose to a certain point, the sound of the counter sounded, indicating that the chain reaction began. This was the first time that humanity unleashed and took control of atomic energy.

In 1954, the former Soviet Union built the world's first nuclear power station, using enriched uranium as fuel, using graphite water-cooled reactors, with an electrical output of 5,000 kilowatts. In 1956, an atomic power plant was also built in the United Kingdom. The development of nuclear power plants has not been smooth sailing, and many people are worried and fearful about the radioactive contamination of nuclear power plants, so there is an anti-nuclear power movement. In fact, under strict scientific management, atomic energy is a safe source of energy. The level of radioactivity around a nuclear power plant is not much different from that of the natural background.

In March 1979, the Sanlidao Atomic Power Station in the United States caused an unprecedented serious accident in the history of atomic energy development due to operational errors and equipment failures. However, due to the effectiveness of safety measures such as the reactor shutdown system, emergency cooling system and containment, the amount of radioactive escape was negligible, and there was little impact on people and the environment, which fully demonstrates that the development of modern science and technology can ensure the safe use of atomic energy.

Two billion years ago, in today's Federal State of Gabon, Africa, there was a large chain nuclear reactor that operated for many 10,000 years. Oklo is the name of a uranium mine in Gabon, Africa. From this mine, Gaul obtained the uranium needed for its nuclear program. In 1972, when uranium ore from this mining area was transported to a gas diffusion plant in Gaul, it was found that the uranium ore had been utilized and contained below the natural content of 0.711 w.%. It seems that these uranium ores have long been used by a nuclear reactor. The Gallic regime shocked the world by announcing the discovery. Scientists studied the uranium mine and presented the results at a meeting of the International Atomic Energy Commission in 1975.

Gallic scientists have found the products of nuclear fission and truples in various places throughout the mining area. At first, these findings were confusing, because it was impossible to cross a nuclear reactor over a critical point with natural uranium, except in exceptional cases, with graphite and heavy water. But in the area around OKLO, these conditions are never possible.

U235 has a half-life of 700 million years, which is less than the half-life of U238 of 4.5 billion years. Since the formation of the Earth, more U235 has decayed than U238. This means that long ago, natural uranium ore was much more concentrated than it is today. In fact, simple calculations can prove that 3 billion years ago this concentration was about 3w%. This concentration is sufficient to carry out nuclear reactions in ordinary water. At that time, there was a water source near OKLO.

Surprisingly, the composition of this nuclear reactor is very reasonable. For example, the current results show that the nuclear reactor is several kilometers long, and the thermal disturbance to the surrounding environment of such a large nuclear reactor is limited to 40 meters around the reaction zone. What is even more surprising is that the waste produced by the nuclear reaction is not dispersed, but confined to the area around the mine.

Faced with all this, scientists admit that this is a "natural" nuclear reactor, write it into textbooks, and study its value in terms of nuclear waste disposal. But there are not many people who dare to take a step forward.

In fact, now, many people know that this is a relic left by a prehistoric civilization. That is, two billion years ago, in what we call Oklo today, there may have been a highly developed civilization, far more than the civilization of humans today. Compared to this "natural" large nuclear reactor, the largest nuclear reactor that can be built by mankind today also pales in comparison.

In June 1972, uranium ore from Oklo was shipped to a factory in Gaul. Gallic scientists have carried out rigorous scientific measurements of these uranium ores and found that the content of uranium-235, which can be used directly as nuclear fuel, is low, even less than 0.3%. The uranium-235 content in any other uranium ore should be 0.73%. This peculiar phenomenon has attracted the attention of scientists, who have used a variety of advanced technical means and scientific methods to find the reason for the low uranium-235 content in these ores.

After repeated in-depth discussions and research, scientists were surprised to find that these uranium ores had already been burned and used by people. This momentous discovery immediately sent the tech world by storm. In order to thoroughly ascertain the truth, many scientists from some countries in Europe and the United States have gone to the Oklo uranium mine area to conduct in-depth investigation and research. After a long period of joint exploration, it was concluded that there was a very old atomic reactor, also known as a nuclear reactor, in Oklo. The atomic reactor consists of about 500 tons of uranium ore from six areas, and its output is only about 1,000 kilowatts. According to scientists, the mine was formed about 2 billion years ago, and the atomic reactor began to operate soon after the mineralization, which lasted for 500,000 years.

Faced with this 2 billion-year-old scientifically designed, rationally structured, and intact atomic reactor, scientists are dumbfounded and puzzled. Who designed, built and left behind this atomic reactor? This is a huge mystery that scientists all over the world cannot uncover. Because this miracle appeared in the Oklo mining area, scientists have dubbed it the "Oklo Mystery".

Scientists unanimously dismissed this possibility, because nature simply cannot meet the extremely harsh technical conditions of chain reactions. Only when the nucleus of uranium and other heavy elements is bombarded by neutrons can it be cracked into fragments and neutrons can be released, and these neutrons are then driven into the nucleus of uranium and then cause fission - a continuous nuclear reaction, when the nucleus undergoes fission or abrupt reaction, a large amount of energy is released.

An atomic reactor is a device that fissions the nuclei of radioactive elements such as uranium to obtain atomic energy. Such a device can never be formed naturally, and can only be built by scientists and specialized technical workers in accordance with strict scientific principles and procedures, using highly sophisticated and advanced technical means and equipment, and can only be obtained by artificial means by means of uranium, etc., through the process of chain reaction or hydrogen nucleus polymerization of ammonia nuclei through thermonuclear reactions.

The first nuclear reactors appeared 2 billion years ago. This shocking conclusion stems from the discovery in 1972 of a natural nuclear reactor in the Oklo region of Gabon, Africa. After decades of research, scientists today have finally figured out how these reactors, the equivalent of 100 kilowatt "mini-nuclear power plants," output energy every three hours for a period of 150,000 years.

Oklo is the name of a uranium mining area in the Federal State of Gabon, Africa. It was from this mining area that Gaul obtained the uranium needed for its nuclear program. In 1972, when uranium ore from this mining area was transported to Gaul, it was discovered that some of the uranium ore was actually "used", with a uranium-235 content of less than 0.3% and less than a natural content of 0.711%, as if the uranium ore had been used by a nuclear reactor long ago. It was this phenomenon that led scientists to investigate in the field and discover a natural nuclear reactor in the area: the uranium in the local uranium ore had undergone a self-sufficient chain fission reaction, which had released a large amount of thermal energy.

In this process, the radioactive fission of uranium atoms releases neutrons, which cause the fission of other uranium atoms, which eventually leads to nuclear fission and the release of energy such as heat. Modern nuclear reactors use this principle to generate energy.

However, it is puzzling that the chain fission of the Oklo "nuclear reactor" did not show signs of getting out of control, otherwise it would have led to the destruction of the veins and even an explosion. Everything seems to be in order. In modern nuclear plants, people use moderators to control the speed of nuclear reactions, which can absorb some fission neutrons to slow down the chain fission speed, and of course, can also accelerate the reaction by adjusting the neutron energy.

After years of exploration, the scientific community finally determined that the uranium-235 in the Oklo uranium mine is the "slag" generated in the chain reaction, which is evidence of the existence of a "nuclear reactor", which indicates that the "nuclear reactor" in the Oklo uranium mine has been ignited 2 billion years ago. Two billion years ago, the uranium 235 content in the Oklo uranium mine was much higher than it is today, and for some reason, perhaps due to the unique natural conditions, a "nuclear reactor" was formed here. The combustion of the reactor allowed the uranium-235 chain reaction to proceed slowly, and over billions of years of evolution, the atomic energy was released intermittently, in a similar way to the geyser spraying water.

It's simply incredible. It is important to know that in order for a nuclear fission chain reaction to occur, a large amount of highly enriched uranium-235 must be required, while natural uranium ore contains only a very small proportion of uranium-235; Even if there is enough uranium-235, in order for the nuclear reaction not to become a nuclear explosion, neutron moderators such as heavy water must be used; Even if the above two conditions are met, it does not mean that a sustained nuclear reaction can actually occur, and there must be a certain proportion of uranium and moderator.

In human-built nuclear power plants, nuclear fission reactors are usually used. In such reactors, uranium or plutonium must be enriched with high-purity fuel; Slow neutrons must be obtained with moderators such as graphite and heavy water; Control rods must be added to the reactor to keep the chain reaction under control to release the atomic energy slowly. How are such harsh conditions achieved in the "nuclear reactor" of the Oklo uranium mine? There is still a lot of debate in the scientific community. The most natural argument is that the Oklo uranium mine is purely the handiwork of nature. Two billion years ago, a combination of coincidences caused the uranium-235 content in the Oklo mine to be much higher than it is today. Therefore, nature uses local materials and uses ordinary water as a "moderator and control valve", so that the chain reaction can occur concisely and magically in an environment unimaginable to human beings.

The importance of water is the latest argument in the scientific community. American scientist Alexander Mehik believes that the fast neutrons produced by uranium-235 become slow neutrons after being moderated and controlled by groundwater in the ore, so that the chain reaction can occur in a slow manner. What's even more amazing is that every chain reaction that occurs with uranium-235 could last for thousands of years. Because when the temperature of the nuclear reactor is too high, more water will evaporate, so the chain reaction slows down and becomes smaller, causing the temperature of the nuclear reactor to decrease or even stall. In the long years that followed, groundwater would re-converge, causing an increase in slow neutrons, an acceleration of the chain reaction, and an increase in the temperature of the nuclear reactor to enable a re-ignition start. Therefore, some scientists believe that for 2 billion years, the entire chain reaction process has been repeated like a geyser. Clearly, groundwater is the trigger and control switch for nuclear reactions, and is the key. In other words, the reason why the Oklo nuclear reactor did not explode like an atomic bomb is all due to the miraculous control of groundwater, which has been slowly releasing atomic energy in a chain reaction that has lasted for thousands of years. (To be continued.) )