Shan Hongda Road:

"I remember that Cousin Chanjuan kept saying that Qin Xiu's food was delicious, and it just so happened that we would taste the food you made today. ”

Shan Hongzhen said:

"It's fine, but we have a bigger appetite, so you need to do more. ”

Qin Xiudao:

"You know, you two are martial artists after all, so you have to eat more. ”

Qin Xiu divided five by two and prepared the meal.

Now Qin Xiu has top-level cooking skills, and this skill has been systematically optimized, so it is actually better than the food cooked by the chef of the Beijing Restaurant.

Like Shan Hongda (elder brother) and Shan Hongzhen (third cousin), the two brothers are also rich on weekdays, but they are rarely able to go to the Beijing Hotel to eat, so when they saw the food Qin Xiu actually cooked, they only smelled the aroma of the dishes and made the two ................................................................................................................................................................................................

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The state is composed of four elements: land, people (nation), culture and government, and the state is also a term of political geography. Broadly speaking, a state is a social group that shares a common language, culture, race, origin, territory, government, or history. In a narrow sense, the state is a form of community formed by a certain range of people.

In the context of social sciences and human geography, a state is a territory distinguished by people, culture, language, and geography, a territory distinguished by political autonomy, a territory or a state by which the people of a territory or state, and a region associated with a particular person.

The general state administration is the symbol of the state, which is a state institution with the power to govern a society, with external and internal sovereignty within a certain territory.

Basic Information

Chinese name

country

Foreign language name

Country

French

Pays

Russian

Страна

Portuguese

País

Arabic

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Spanish

País

German

L?? nder

form

It is made up of land, people, culture and government

directory

1 concept

2 Historical origins

3 basic differences

4. Introduction to Theory

5 main classifications

6 state forms

7 related quotes

8 National Lyrics

Concept of this paragraph

Basic concepts

The state is an instrument of class domination by the economically dominant class. Class nature is the fundamental attribute of the state. It has a certain geographical area management scope, a fixed social group, and has a complete government management body, an army, and an independent head of state. The state is a rather abstract institution of power that grows up in and overrides society, based on violence or legitimacy. If we list the components of a country according to their scope, then the position of the state is roughly as follows: social-political-state-government, the intermediate between abstract and substantive concepts.

Nations didn't always exist

Before the advent of the state, human society was in a primitive social state. Engels pointed out that the emergence of the state is the inevitable result of the development of human society. There have always been two kinds of production in human society, namely, the production of material and spiritual means (the production of clothing, food, shelter and production tools) and the production of human beings themselves (the reproduction of human races and the development of marriage and family forms). The social system is conditioned by these two types of production. When the level of production of material materials is low, it is related by blood

country

The clan system, which was a bond, became the basic social system that managed society before the emergence of the state. With the development of the production of material materials, the production relations formed by people in the process of material material production have gradually replaced blood relations, which has brought about fundamental changes in the social structure.

The new social system replaced the clan system, which was determined by blood relations, and this was the state system with public power. Engels once stressed that the state is an irreconcilable product of class contradictions. It is pointed out that the disintegration of the primitive social system is a gradual process, and the development of material production, the emergence of private ownership of the family and the formation of the slave class are the prerequisites for the emergence of the state. In primitive societies, slaves appeared when production developed to the first great division of labor (the separation of agriculture and animal husbandry), and in the second great division of labor (the separation of agriculture and handicrafts), slaves had become the main labor force in agriculture and handicrafts. At this time, the state had not yet appeared, and it was only after the formation of classes, when the contradictions between the two opposing classes reached irreconcilability. The state is the product of irreconcilable class contradictions, the economically dominant class "acquired new means of suppressing and exploiting the oppressed classes". This is the basic point of divergence between Marxism and all petty-bourgeois and bourgeois ideologists on the origin of the state.

The concept of different periods

Before and after the Marxist theory of the origin of the state was proposed, some thinkers of different eras put forward various theories of the origin of the state according to the interests of their own class and the historical conditions of the time. The most representative are theocracy, violence, and contract. Theocracy holds that the state is established according to the will of God, and that the power of the state derives from God (heaven, God). This theory had an important place in both Eastern and Western slave societies and feudal societies. In ancient Chinese society, there was a general belief in the "way of heaven", saying that the power of the state came from the "mandate of heaven", and the emperor was called the Son of Heaven. In the European Middle Ages, the power of Christianity dominated the entire intellectual world, and the idea that "all power comes from God" and "there is no power except God" was widely promoted. Thomas Aquinas, the European medieval scholastic philosopher who was the epitome of theocratic thought, is his representative. Theocracy began to decline in the 16th century, but it still has influence in some countries today.

The theory of violence holds that the state originated from plunder and conquest, emphasizing that violence is the decisive factor in the development of society, that political slavery precedes the process of economic development, and that the emergence of the state is not the result of the internal development of society. The German philosopher Dühring, the Austrian sociologist L. Gomplovich, and the German theorist K. Kautsky were all violent theorists. Contract theory was the most influential doctrine of the bourgeois revolution, which presented the creation of the state as the result of people making contracts and abiding by them. In the 16th ~ 18th centuries, many bourgeois thinkers used contract theory to explain the origin of the state and the relationship between the ruler and the ruled. T. Hobbes and J. Locke in England and J.-J. Rousseau in France are representatives of contract theory. Contract theory had an important influence on both the bourgeois revolution and the establishment of the bourgeois state.

Historical origins

Historian Huang Xianfan said in his book "A Preliminary Study on the Interpretation of Ancient Books": "Looking at political history, we can see that the theory of the origin of the state includes the theory of nature, the theory of contract, the theory of force, the theory of private ownership, the theory of clan, etc.

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