Section 4 Donglai Observations
And just when Zhang Zhao was secretly shocked by Sun Ce's ambition, Sun Ce himself turned around and saw Zhang Zhao's figure, and then greeted him with great interest, "When did Mr. Zibu go up the mountain?" ”
Seeing this, Zhang Zhao immediately put away his thoughts, and led a young man to step forward unhurriedly and salute Sun Ce, "I've seen Wu Hou." ”
Sun Ce has long been accustomed to Zhang Zhao's unsmiling style. In his opinion, although Zhang Zhao is old-fashioned and preachy, he is also an indispensable minister of Eastern Wu. It turned out that Sun Ce was impatient, and when he conquered Jiangdong in his early years, he offended many local sect parties, and even left a reputation for murder for a time. So much so that when the people of Jiangdong heard "Sun Langzhi", they were all terrified and hid in the countryside. Fortunately, not long after, Zhang Hong, a native of Guangling, recommended Zhang Zhao to Sun Ce. Zhang Zhao is a famous man in Xuzhou, not only familiar with government affairs, but also very good at dealing with scholars. Under his campaign, Sun Ce gradually repaired the relationship with the Jiangdong clan and the wealthy clans, and the internal affairs of Eastern Wu were also quickly on the right track under his joint governance with Zhang Hong.
This time, Sun Ce took Zhang Zhao to the south together, in order to use his prestige and means to appease the powerful sect along the way. And Zhang Zhao did not live up to Sun Ce's trust, which not only allowed Sun Ce's troops to take several cities and towns without blood, but also persuaded many local heroes to come to Sun Ce. Therefore, seeing that Zhang Zhao brought a strange young man up the mountain, Sun Ce thought that Zhang Zhao was going to recommend a newcomer to him again, so he jokingly said, "This Lang Jun looks at the face of the student, but he is a local talent?" ”
"Back to Wuhou, this is Zhang Jin, the nephew of the old husband's family, the word Wenrui." Zhang Zhao replied.
Sun Ce didn't expect that Zhang Zhao was bringing his nephew this time, and couldn't help but look curiously at the young man standing behind Zhang Zhao. And Zhang Jin bowed to Sun Ce in a posture that was neither humble nor arrogant. "Pengcheng Zhang Jin has seen Wu Hou."
Seeing that Zhang Jin was handsome and elegant. Sun Ce immediately praised loudly, "The children of the Zhang family in Pengcheng are really extraordinary. Mr. Zibu, how about letting your nephew serve as the literary peng? ”
But Zhang Zhao shook his head and denied, "No." Wen Rui is not good at dancing and writing ink. ”
Sun Ce didn't expect Zhang Zhao to answer like this, and couldn't help but wonder, "Then he is good at marching and arranging formations." ”
Zhang Zhao still shook his head with a straight face and said, "I'm not good at it." ”
Not good at dancing and writing? Nor is he good at marching and arranging? Sun Ce, who couldn't figure out how many things Zhang Zhao had, had to simply turn around and ask Zhang Jin directly, "What is Zhang Langjun good at?" ”
was evaluated by Zhang Zhao as Zhang Jin, who was not able to do anything. It's quite calm at this point. I saw him arch his hand and answer, "Taste tea." Playing games, studying tours. ”
"Tea tasting? Game? Sun Ce, who was not interested in these fancy shelves, asked casually, "Where has Erdu traveled?" ”
Zhang Jin bowed and replied, "Back to Wuhou, I have traveled to study in Yu, Xu, and Qingdao. ”
"Qingzhou?!" Sun Ce, who didn't realize that his eyes lit up, blurted out, "Have you ever been to Donglai?" ”
Zhang Jin nodded, "I've been." ”
Hearing that Zhang Jin had studied in Donglai, even Zhou Yu, who had never spoken, couldn't help but show an expression of interest. As for Sun Ce, he couldn't wait to ask. "Have you ever seen Cai Anzhen?"
"Yes." When Zhang Jin said this. Unconsciously brought a hint of pride. However, Sun Ce and Zhou Yu didn't mind this matter. Because it is indeed a proud thing to see Cai Anzhen.
No, as soon as Zhang Jin's words fell, Sun Ce couldn't wait to turn over and dismount and grab him and asked. "What did Zhang Lang see and hear in Donglai? Let's talk about it. ”
Sun Ce's enthusiasm can be regarded as startling Zhang Jin. Zhou Yu, who was on the side, dismounted and explained to him with a smile, "Bo Fu is anxious, Zhang Lang is not surprised." ”
Since we want to talk about the study tour experience, it is naturally impossible to make it clear in one or two sentences. Therefore, Zhou Yu immediately sent someone to spread a felt blanket under a nearby banyan tree, and the four of them sat on the ground and listened to Zhang Jin's account of what he saw and heard in Donglai. Zhang Jin, who had been prepared, cleared his throat and said happily, "In the early years of Jian'an, I would like to be invited to Donglai for refuge with my family teacher Hegong. The tutor was hired as a doctor of Wutang in Huangxian County, teaching arithmetic while compiling the "Sutra of Calculation". I also lived in Donglai for three years, and it was not until the year before last that I left Donglai to study in Qingdao and Xu Erzhou. ”
The "doctor" of the Han Dynasty was not a degree, but an official position in charge of books and classics and was well versed in historical affairs. However, compared with Xu Yue's appointment as a doctor in Jiangwutang, Sun Ce was more concerned about the area where Zhang Jin was studying. He was able to ask the latter with interest, "Oh? The war in the north continues, can Zhang Lang still study in Qingdao and Xu Erzhou? ”
"In the early years, young people and Xu Erzhou were indeed in war. However, since the defeat of Lu Bu, Qing and Xu Erzhou have been fighting for many years. This time, the Marquis of Qi recovered Northern Qingzhou, but it was also bloodless, and he did not start a war. I would like to study in these two states for a year and have never encountered a war. Zhang Jin waved his hand disapprerovingly.
Sun Ce and Zhou Yu heard that Qing and Xu Erzhou were so peaceful, and they couldn't help but secretly exchange glances. It is said that if it weren't for Yuan Shao's claim that the emperor let Cao Cao and Cai Ji occupy the righteousness of the world, Sun Ce would have wanted to take advantage of the battle between the two of them and Yuan Shao to attack Xuzhou in the north. In fact, in the history of another time and space, Sun Ce did exactly that. And at this moment, after learning that the people in Qing and Xu were stable, Sun Ce was glad that he was not carried away, and at the same time, he also had a new understanding of these two states.
And Zhou Yu further asked, "In this way, wouldn't Qing and Xu Erzhou become a peaceful world?" ”
"It's not like a peaceful world. According to the careful observation, there are still bandits in the dangerous mountains and rivers. Zhang Jin said truthfully, "But it is true that the people of these two states live and work in peace and contentment." In particular, the Marquis of Qi implemented the policy of 'reducing the tax in the second five-year plan' under his rule, which was quite supported by the people. ”
"What is the two-five reduction?" Sun Ce asked curiously.
Zhang Jin explained, "In order to recuperate, the Marquis of Qi ordered that all the tun households under his rule be reduced by 25%. After the reduction, no matter what form of tenancy or what kind of rent and tax, it shall not exceed at least 30% of the harvest, and the maximum shall not exceed 45% of the harvest. ”
"You mean that Cai Anzhen also reduced the payment of 25% for the tunhu on the occasion of the war!" Sun Ce exclaimed in surprise, "She's not afraid of running out of military rations!" ”
In fact, it is no wonder that Sun Ce was so stunned. In addition to collecting taxes and plundering the military rations of the princes in this era, most of them still had to rely on the military cantonment to maintain. It is no exaggeration to say that the so-called tunhu is the serf of the princes. For example, Cao Cao implemented the proportion of eight officials and two people. Therefore, in Sun Ce's opinion, Cai Ji's approach is undoubtedly too benevolent.
However, Zhou Yu didn't think so, but saw him bow his head and think for a while. Smiled happily, "According to Yiyu." Cai Anzhen does not necessarily suffer in this matter. Imagine that you only need to pay three Chengtian to be a Cai's tunhu, and the displaced people in the north will not all go to Qing and Xu Erzhou to do tunhuhu. ”
Zhou Yu's words hit the nail on the head to point out Cai Ji's true purpose. The land problem at the end of the Han Dynasty was quite peculiar, on the one hand, the powerful families annexed a large amount of land to the homesteaders, and on the other hand, the government controlled a large amount of wasteland but lacked enough people to cultivate it. Therefore, the government at the end of the Han Dynasty not only had to solve the problem of land annexation, but also had to compete with the family for labor. In response to this special situation, Cai Ji's "Twenty-Five Reduction of Taxes" was not aimed at landlords as in later generations, but was only implemented among the tun households under the rule of the government. In this way, it can not only attract displaced people and hidden households to join the government, but also force the wealthy family to reduce rent and interest in a different direction.
So as soon as Zhou Yu's words fell, Zhang Zhao also nodded and agreed. "Cai Anzhen deserves to be the middle girl."
Sun Ce was the most pragmatic person, and he saw that both Zhou Yu and Zhang Zhao agreed with Cai Ji's policies. He also moved with his heart, "Then can Dongwu also implement this policy?" ”
"No." Zhang Zhao categorically vetoed Sun Ce's suggestion. Seeing that the latter showed a puzzled look, Zhang Zhao followed up and explained, "The land of Eastern Wu is vast and sparsely populated, and it is not enough to support the supply of military food with Sancheng Field. ”
"Yu also thinks this is inappropriate." Zhou Yu said, "However, Bo Fu can learn from Cai Anzhen's strategy and recruit people to reclaim the military camp. ”
After listening to the two of them, Sun Ce was gladly taught. "Then according to what Gongjin and Mr. Zibu said. First in Wu County to recruit Fu Tuntian. ”
"Whoa." Zhang Zhao quietly surrendered his hand.
Sun Ce was satisfied that he had learned from Cai Anzhen's good governance, so he asked Zhang Jin again, "Zhang Lang has been studying in Donglai for four years. I must have known a lot of Donglai Junjie. ”
"Don't hide it from Wu Hou, Donglai Junjie is mostly from other places, Guo Fengxiao, Jia Wenhe, and Pang Shiyuan are all like this." Zhang Jin replied with his hand.
Zhou Yu had already heard of Guo Jia and Jia Xu as examples given by Zhang Jin, and even had plans to compete with these two. However, he hadn't heard of the last one, so he hurriedly asked, "Who is Pang Shiyuan?" ”
"General Hui, Pang Shiyuan is the nephew of Pang Degong of Lumen, about twenty years old, elegant and scheming, and quite appreciated by Qi Hou in the north." Zhang Jin preached hard for his fellow disciples.
Although everyone present did not know Pang Tong, after Zhang Jin's introduction, coupled with Cai Ji's appreciation, they invariably regarded Pang Tong as a rising young man. But I heard Sun Ce sigh from the bottom of his heart, "It's a pity that I can't see such a talent, it's a pity." ”
Zhang Jin slandered slyly in his heart, afraid that when he saw Pang Shiyuan's honorable face, he would not feel a pity. However, jokes aside, Zhang Jin still decided to get down to business and talk about the point he admires most about Donglai-Kaike. In other words, it is impossible for anyone who has been to Donglai or even Qing and Xu Erzhou to know that they will not know about opening a branch to take a taxi. This cross-generational method of selecting talents has left a deep impression on many scholars. So much so that as soon as they left Cai Ji's rule, they could not wait to share what they had seen and heard with other scholars. Zhang Jin is naturally no exception.
"In fact, in addition to Mao Sui's self-recommendation, Qi Hou also used the method of opening a branch to recruit talents." After sorting out his thoughts, Zhang Jin began to introduce Donglai's imperial examination to Sun Ce and others.
As soon as Zhang Zhao heard Zhang Jin talk about "opening a branch to take a scholar", he also suddenly cheered up. In fact, the reason why Zhang Zhao brought Zhang Jin here was to ask him to explain Donglai's imperial examination system to Sun Ce. Speaking of Cai Ji's emergence so far, the characteristics that are most different from ordinary princes are nothing more than two points, one is her status as a woman, and the other is her way of employing people without borrowing the power of her family. In the turbulent times of the late Han Dynasty, the support of the family has always been an indispensable and important force for the princes. Many of the princes' confidants came from their own families. For example, Cao Cao is a native of Qian Pei, and most of his henchmen and generals are from Qian Pei. And Sun Ce is also very dependent on the team left to him by his father. On the other hand, Cai Ji, not only does not rely on the power of Nanyang Cai, but even the locals of Donglai rarely use it. This makes Cai Ji's way of employing people quite concerned. Because with the gradual expansion of power, it is impossible for the princes to appoint only their relatives and fellow villagers as officials. A prince whose power had grown to a certain level often needed a viable and effective way to recruit more talent for him.
At present, the methods adopted by the vast majority of forces, including the Han Dynasty, are nothing more than the system of probation and requisition, the former is the recommendation of talents with both ability and political integrity by local governments at all levels, and the latter is the recruitment of talents from the society by the central and local governments. The probation system lacked objective selection criteria, and although there was a system of joint sitting, the phenomenon of favoritism by local officials and false recommendations gradually appeared in the later period. Although Cao Cao played the banner of "meritocracy" to recruit talents, he was mixed.
Cai Ji's "opening a branch to take scholars" is like a clear spring, allowing the people of the world to see a more flexible and fair way of talent selection. Therefore, even if Cai Ji has only opened the department for one term so far, it still attracts many celebrities and scholars to compete for research. Zhang Zhao is one of them, and Zhou Yu is half of them.
But seeing Zhou Yu asked Zhang Jin thoughtfully, "Yu has also heard about Donglai Kaike's recruitment. However, the scientific examination alone can only test the talent of the school, and how to identify the character of the candidates? ”
"Back to the general, Donglai Keju is divided into three levels: the preliminary examination, the selection examination, and the palace examination. Those who have passed the preliminary examination must be evaluated by the county keeper celebrities before they can pass the selection examination and participate in the next hall examination. The evaluation is based on filial piety, virtue, righteousness, cleanliness, perseverance, integrity, unforgiving, academic excellence, literary beauty, talent, and arrogance. Zhang Jin added, "In addition, those who have passed the preliminary examination and failed to pass the selection examination can also stay in the government as officials." ”
"What is the school for the temple exam?" Zhou Yu asked.
"The palace examination strategy is to ask questions about political affairs, scriptures, etc., so that the candidates can answer." Zhang Jin replied.
Zhang Jin's introduction gave Sun Ce and Zhou Yu a new understanding of Kaike. And Zhang Zhao took advantage of the hot iron to say to Sun Ce, "The minister implores Wu Hou to select talents in Eastern Wu. ”
In Zhang Zhao's view, the opening of the branch was very beneficial to Sun Ce's rule in Eastern Wu. What Sun Ce is relying on now is nothing more than the Sun clan and the generals left behind by Sun Jian. These people alone were not enough to maintain Sun Ce's rule over Eastern Wu. Therefore, Sun Ce needed to absorb local scholars into the curtain as officials. The most fair and effective way to do this is to open a science and take a doctor.
Sun Ce glanced at Zhang Zhao and said hesitantly, "Listening to what Zhang Lang said, it seems to be quite a lot of time to open a department. This matter is still discussed after Gu takes Guiyang. ”
However, as soon as Sun Ce's words fell, someone said aloud, "If my brother doesn't have time to prepare for this matter, I can share my brother's worries." ”
Sun Ce looked back and saw his second brother Sun Quan, who was only eighteen years old, standing not far away, looking at him with blazing eyes. So Sun Ce smiled dumbly and said, "Zhongmou knows how to solve the problem?" How do I set up a preliminary exam? How do I set up an optional test? How to set up a temple test? ”
Faced with a series of questions from his brother, the young Sun Quan did not stop talking, but hugged his fists and proudly asked for his life, "Quan doesn't know now, but Quan can go to Donglai to investigate." (To be continued)