Qin Xiu's eyes lit up and said:

"Trigger the doppelganger of the immortal cultivator to the lower realm? Could it be that senior brother has seen the doppelganger of the immortal cultivator?"

The senior brother of the task department shook his head slightly, and said with a look of such good deeds:

"How can I have the ability to see this kind of thing, this is just a record of the sect, I think someone should have experienced such a thing, anyway, junior brother, you should have respect in your heart!"

Qin Xiu echoed:

"Yes, senior brother!"

The idea of turning waste into usable energy has been around for decades. Concerns about energy security and climate change, as well as the rising cost of disposing of global waste, have prompted the use of gasification, a method used to treat hazardous waste such as medical waste, to potentially be used to treat household waste.

Both gasification and plasmagasification require the waste to be heated at high temperatures in a closed combustion chamber. This process takes place in the virtually anaerobic absence of organic components in the waste instead of burning, but instead being converted into syngas (syngas) for carbon monoxide and hydrogen. The gas is filtered, the chemical components can be "washed" away to remove toxic molecules and gases, and then burned to produce energy or converted into fuels such as biogas, ethanol or synthetic diesel. After this process, the chemicals left behind by dust, filters and cleaning, which can be treated before being sent to burial or discharged into the sewer.

In the past, waste was processed by burning in incinerators to produce steam, which drove turbines and generators to generate electricity. In contrast, gasification produces more energy than incinerating a certain amount of waste. And if you add ultra-high temperature arc plasma to the syngas, more energy can be generated.

Plasma gasification is the evaporation of garbage at higher temperatures, so that more organic waste is vaporized, and its temperature can reach 10,000 degrees Celsius, compared to 1,600 degrees Celsius in ordinary gasification. Another advantage of plasma gasification technology is that the high temperature does not turn the waste into fine ash, but rather a vitreous solid, which could theoretically be used as a filler in the construction industry.

Pilot plants for gasification waste technology have been established in countries such as the United States, Canada, France, the United Kingdom and Portugal, most of which use plasma gasification technology. There are already two commercial plasma waste-to-energy plants in Japan. But these pilot gasification plants are focused on treating household waste, rather than generating energy from it.

But IST Energy still thinks the gasification pilot plant is too small. For example, its closed non-plasma "green energy" system (GEM) can process 3 tonnes of municipal waste per day, releasing gas that can generate energy for a building that can accommodate 500 people.

Despite the growing number of waste-to-energy plant pilots around the world, not everyone welcomes this environmentalist "ideal". Opponents argue that the process of gasifying waste is not clean, that it is not environmentally friendly in terms of energy consumption and emissions, and that it could "fan the flames" of wasteful society.

During gasification, toxic exhaust gases can be produced when organic substances are heated at high temperatures. It has also been said that the chlorine gas produced during the gasification of waste may cause additional problems in the case of high temperature and lack of oxygen in plasma gasification.

Early waste-to-energy explorations were often environmentally and financially devastating, and methods of gasification have been vilified, including the toxic gas leak at the commercial waste-to-energy plant in Karlsruhe, Germany. The plant was temporarily closed in 2000 and officially closed in 2004.

Opponents also argue that gasification still produces carbon dioxide. Neil Tangri of the Global Alliance for Incineration Processes (GINE) said that gasification power plants are nothing more than a gilded incinerator. "There's an intermediate process of waste gasification, yes, but the end result is combustion," he said. “

Another green "proof" question for waste gasification is how efficient the pilot sites are at generating energy and minimizing greenhouse gas emissions compared to other waste treatment methods.

A recent study by the Tellus Institute, an independent think tank in Boston, concluded that while gasification of each ton of waste produces five times more energy than landfilling, the landfill method of methane recapture systems emits 2.5 times less carbon dioxide than burning gasification mixtures.

In short, it will take some time to achieve the full effect of getting rid of waste, and it seems that waste gasification is not a panacea for waste disposal and energy problems, and only time will have to wait for the answer to be revealed.

Primary sources

Folded daily packaging

The main sources of garbage are the packaging of various daily necessities, food, cleaning products, accessories, etc. The daily output of human garbage: 1 kg of garbage per capita per day, multiplied by 6 billion people, is equal to 6 * 10^12 grams, and the mass of the earth is 6 * 10^27 grams, so the daily output of garbage accounts for 1 qua00 billion of the earth's mass, that is, 10^15 parts.

Construction waste

In China, the main source of waste also includes construction waste. Construction waste refers to the muck, spoil, discard, residual mud and other wastes generated in the process of construction, laying or demolition and repair of various buildings, structures and pipe networks by construction and construction units or individual teams.

The amount of construction waste in China has accounted for 30%-40% of the total amount of urban waste. With the standard of 500-600 tons / 10,000 square meters, by 2020, China will add about 30 billion square meters of construction area, and the new construction waste will be a shocking number.

Although construction waste has become a more serious problem. However, China does not pay attention to the reuse of construction waste. In fact, through effective management, the effective treatment of construction waste can be realized.

Waste-to-energy

Waste-to-energy incineration is the work of introducing, digesting, absorbing and re-innovating waste incineration plants and waste incineration equipment. Dioxins in flue gas from domestic waste incineration are a common concern in countries around the world. Dioxin-type highly toxic substances cause great harm to the environment, and the effective control of the production and spread of dioxins is directly related to the promotion and application of waste incineration and waste-to-energy technology. The molecular structure of dioxins is that 1 or 2 oxygen atoms are connected to 2 benzene rings replaced by chlorine. Two oxygen atoms are called polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxin (PCDD), and one oxygen atom is called polychlorinated dibenzofurans, collectively known as dioxin. The most toxic 2,3,7,8-PCDD is 1000 times more toxic than potassium cyanide.

(1) A large amount of ammonia, sulfide and other harmful gases are released from garbage piled up in the open air, which seriously pollutes the atmosphere and the living environment of the city.

(2) Seriously polluted water bodies. Garbage not only contains pathogenic microorganisms, but also produces a large number of acidic and alkaline organic pollutants in the process of stacking and decaying, and will dissolve the heavy metals in the garbage to form a pollution source of organic matter, heavy metals and pathogenic microorganisms, and the leachate produced by rainwater will inevitably cause serious pollution of surface water and groundwater.