Pottery and porcelain are two different concepts.

Red pottery red pottery appeared the earliest in China, the firing temperature of red pottery is about 900 degrees, according to archaeological excavation data, the Peiligang culture of 8000 years ago in the Yellow River Basin and the Yangshao culture and Dawenkou culture period of 5000 years ago are mainly clay red pottery and sand-filled red Chu pottery.

Painted pottery is an outstanding achievement of Yangshao culture, and it is a pottery decorated with ochre, red, black and other colors. Painted pottery art, with a strong atmosphere of life and a unique artistic style. It is painted on the clay blank before the pottery is fired, and the color pattern is fixed on the surface of the utensil after firing, and it is not easy to fall off. Some before painting, paint a white pottery coat, so that before the painted knots, paint a layer of white pottery clothing, so that the painted pattern is more distinct. Faience patterns are mainly floral patterns and geometric patterns, and there are also a few animal patterns. Geometric patterns mainly include: string pattern, reticulation, zigzag pattern, triangle pattern, checkered pattern, drape pattern, swirl pattern, circle pattern, wavy pattern, wide band pattern, and there are moon, sun, Big Dipper and other patterns. Animal patterns, common fish patterns, bird patterns, frog patterns, etc. There are more animal patterns such as pig patterns, dog patterns and deer patterns, some galloping, and some standing. The appearance of these animal images reflects the important position of fishing and hunting in the life of primitive society at that time. Character patterns are rare, in 1973 in QH Datong County out of a pottery bowl, its mouth along the inner wall painted with three groups of dancing crowds, a group of five, the dancers move neatly, the posture is beautiful, exquisite abnormal. Plant patterns, in the 6800-year-old ZJ Hemudu culture pottery, found that there are rice and wheat grains, branches and leaves, petals, and even some have been summarized into geometric shapes, and mixed with geometric patterns to form a pattern, forming a unique style, which has a special interest.

Black pottery appeared in the Longshan culture period. The firing temperature of black pottery is about 1000 degrees, and there are three kinds of black pottery: fine mud, mud and sand, among which the thin wall black pottery with fine mud is the highest, and it has the reputation of "black as lacquer, thin as paper". The clay of this kind of black pottery has been washed, wheeled, the thickness of the tire wall is only 0.5-1 mm, and then polished, fired into pitch black and bright, it is called "eggshell pottery", and the table xiàn has amazing skills, and it is well-known at home and abroad. The black pottery of this period is mostly polished on the plain surface, and there are fewer with ornamentation, and there are several kinds of string patterns, scratches, and perforations.

Gray pottery gray pottery has appeared in the early Neolithic Feiligang cultural sites, Yangshao culture, Longshan culture period have a certain number of gray pottery, especially for cooking utensils, mostly sand gray pottery. By the Xia Dynasty (early Erlitou culture), gray pottery and sand-filled pottery occupied the main position.

The pottery of white pottery refers to a kind of pottery that is white on the inside and outside and the fetal material. It is made from porcelain clay or kaolin firing at a temperature of about 1000 degrees. The white pottery is basically handmade, and the clay strip disc system and wheel system are gradually adopted in the future. White pottery appeared in the late Longshan culture, and the Shang Dynasty was at its peak. In the late Shang Dynasty, a large number of white pottery tuxedos were issued, and the largest number of unearthed in Anyang Yinxu was made, and the production zuò was quite exquisite. In the Western Zhou Dynasty, due to the more firing and use of printed hard pottery and primitive porcelain, white pottery was no longer fired.

The fetal quality of hard pottery is more delicate and hard than that of ordinary clay or sand-filled pottery, and the firing temperature is higher than that of general pottery, and the decoration based on geometric patterns is printed on the surface of the vessel, so it is collectively referred to as "printed hard pottery". The Western Zhou Dynasty was the prosperous period of the development of printed hard pottery, and its fetal raw materials were basically close to the original celadon according to the analysis of chemical composition. Because the raw materials used in printed hard pottery have a high iron content, the tire color is darker, and it is mostly purple-brown, reddish-brown, yellow-brown and gray-brown. Printed hard pottery is strong and durable, and most of them are containers. Shang Dynasty printed hard pottery is found in the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River and the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River. From the Western Zhou Dynasty to the Warring States Period, printed hard pottery was mainly prevalent in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River and FJ, Taiwan, GD, GX and other places in the south.

Glazed potteryIn the Han Dynasty, there was a kind of glazed pottery with a flux added to the glaze - lead, also known as "lead glazed pottery". The success of lead-glazed pottery is an outstanding achievement of the pottery making process in the Han Dynasty. The addition of lead to the glaze can reduce the melting point of the glaze, and also increase the brightness of the glaze, which is flat and smooth, so that the iron and copper colorants present beautiful green, yellow, brown and other colors, but the green glaze is the most, green as jade, and the brilliance is shining.

The surface of the lead-glazed pottery unearthed in the tomb sometimes has a silvery-white luster, and some people mistakenly call it "silver glaze". According to the scientific research of archaeologists, the reason for the formation of "silver glaze" is due to the long-term moisture of the glaze, and the surface of the glaze layer precipitates multi-layered sediments, which produce a silvery white luster under the refraction of light.

Porcelain is classified according to the shape of the vessel: bowl, cup, plate, pot, pot, pot, bottle, furnace, box, turn, pillow, wash, respect. There are several of these categories. Classification according to firing time: there are two aspects: one is to draw out the "dynasty", such as Tang porcelain, Song porcelain, Ming porcelain, Qing porcelain, etc.; The second is to draw out the "era", which is generally used in Ming and Qing dynasty porcelain, such as Ming Hongwu kiln, Ming Xuande kiln, etc. Classification by firing location: refers to the total firing area. For example, "Yue kiln" refers to the kiln sites in Yuyao, Shangyu and Shaoxing areas of ZJ, and "Yaozhou kiln" refers to the kiln sites of Huangbao Town, Chenlu Town, Lidipo, Shangdian and Yuhua Palace of SX. Classification according to firing characteristics: fetal quality, glaze, decoration, shape and inscription are the five major elements that make up porcelain. Among them, glaze color is an important criterion to distinguish porcelain categories. In the development of ceramics in China, it has experienced the process of monochrome glaze to multi-color glaze (color glaze). Monochrome glaze includes green glaze, white glaze, red glaze, blue glaze, yellow glaze, green glaze, black glaze, etc., and green glaze can be divided into pink blue, azure, bean green, etc., white glaze is divided into sweet white, green and white, red glaze has Ji red, ox blood red, cowpea red, etc. There are two kinds of multi-color glaze: one is to use color blocks of different colors and shapes to form the glaze, such as uniform glaze; The other uses glaze to outline patterns, such as blue and white, pastel, etc., which is also customarily called "colored porcelain". Colored porcelain can be divided into three types: overglaze color, underglaze color and double-layer sandwich color. Classification according to the firing kiln: it is the most vivid reflection of China's feudal hierarchy. Official kiln ware refers to the products fired by the official kiln factory for the royal family, which began in the Tang Dynasty and was unprecedented in the Ming and Qing dynasties. Folk kiln ware is a variety of products fired by folk kilns. The official kiln craftsmanship is exquisite, dignified and luxurious, such as the five famous kilns of the Song Dynasty: Chai Rujun Geding. The folk kiln ware is free and vivid.

There are many kinds that I won't show here