1. Self-proclaimed.

1. The emperor proclaimed himself

I. Everyone knows this, but you can pay attention to it, in fact, the emperor does not always refer to himself like this, and the use of "I" is in the court, when discussing with ministers, or when discussing business with the palace family on a more formal occasion. I usually go back to the palace to talk with my family casually, and most of the time I still call myself in the simplest word - I. "I" is also one of the self-titles, and many novels always like to say that the male protagonist who is the emperor only calls himself "I" to the female protagonist, in order to show his special and deep love for her, which is very wrong. It's kind of ridiculous.

2. The concubine calls herself

Concubines referred to themselves as "concubines" or "concubines" to the emperor and queens. There are also those who are called "slaves" or "slaves", but that seems to be when their rank is not high. The empress also referred to herself as a "concubine" in front of the emperor.

Concubines usually call themselves "standard", but not "this palace", because in the Song Dynasty, the concubine's residence could not be called the palace, only the pavilion, the pavilion or the position.

3. The Queen Mother calls herself

The Empress Dowager and the Empress Dowager call themselves "old bodies".

4. Ordinary people call themselves

At that time, most men called themselves "so-and-so", and some called themselves "servants", so there were more titles. In addition to being humbly called "slave" like later women, women are more likely to call themselves "sons", and at the same time, there are also women who call themselves "so". High-ranking officials and craftsmen are equally equal self-titles.

5. The child's self-pronouncement to his parents

The emperor and the clan called themselves "ministers" in front of their parents and grandparents, who were emperors, rather than "sons".

The crown prince and the princes call themselves: they usually use "I" or "I", and they can use "sons" for the emperor or empress or from time to time, and "little king" for their subordinates.

The princess usually does not have many restrictions, and the spoken language can be called "I", but when officially on the seal, she must be called "concubine". Before the Shenzong Dynasty, the eldest princess originally had the privilege of not being called a concubine, but later the House of Rites said: "Men and women, whoever is honored as a concubine is righteous and truthful." Today, the uncles and close ministers of the clan are all called ministers, that is, the princess should be called a concubine. In addition, it is difficult to apply the gift of the family to the court. Please go down from the eldest princess, and all the notes will be called concubines according to the country. "The Divine Sect was invited.

Folks should call themselves "I", "Child" or their names

6. The slave's claim to his master

"Small", or "small" will do.

The eunuchs' self-proclaimed names for the emperor and empress were also "small", or "villains", not "minions" of the Manchu Qing Dynasty.

2. Father

Colloquially called "Daddy". The colloquial title of the prince and the daughter of the Song Dynasty to their father was not "father", but "father" like ordinary people.

3. Mother

Called "mother". The father's concubine is called "Xiao Niang", or directly "a certain Niang", etc.

The princes and daughters of the Song Dynasty called their mothers (empresses) "Niangniang" or "Niangniang".

For example, when Song Renzong, Empress Dowager Liu was the eldest mother, and Concubine Yang was the younger lady

The prince and the princess called the biological mother who was a concubine "sister".

Fourth, grandfather

His great-grandfather was "Father-in-law" and his grandfather was "Weng Weng" or "Big Daddy". Also known as the "Great Father". Lu You called his grandfather "the first father" many times in the text. However, note that "Weng" refers to his father, such as Lu You's "No Forgetfulness to Tell Na Weng".

5. Grandmother

In the Song and Song Dynasty folklore, in addition to Niangniang, grandmothers are also called mother-in-law, mother-in-law, mother, etc. "Mom" can also be used to address mother. The "Mazu" enshrined in the coastal area is the Song Dynasty.

5. Brothers and sisters

The princes of the Song Dynasty are all called "elder brother", regardless of the age or young, according to the ranking, such as "eldest brother", "third brother", "ninth brother", Shenzong Zhao Ji is older than Qi Wang Hao, but he also calls Hao "second brother" rather than "second brother".

The emperor also called the prince like this, such as Zhao Ji called Zhao Gou the ninth brother, and Zhao Gou called Zhao Ying the eldest brother.

Princesses are called "sister" or "sister", and they are also divided according to rank.

Gaozong Zhao Gou called Emperor Roufu "Twenty Sisters", and Roufu called Zhao Gou "Ninth Brother", when Zhao Gou had already ascended the throne.

The folk are more or less the same. For example, Wu Dalang called Wu Song "second brother".

6. The names of sons and daughters by elders

If you are a little intimate, you can call him by a nickname, and you can usually call him by his name or call him ranked, such as Hachiro and the like. The same is true of the emperor, Zhao Gou is Jiulang.

7. The title of the emperor

In addition to the prince and the princess, whether it is the queen mother, the queen, the concubine, the minister, the eunuch, the palace maid or the commoners, they usually call the emperor "the official family", or "everyone", and the people who are forbidden to discuss in private are also called "officials". However, when the court or the chapter is played, it should be called "majesty". When ministers discuss matters with the emperor, they are generally called His Majesty.

In short, compared with "official", "陛xià" is a more formal and prudent title. The empress is generally called the emperor's official family, but if she is on a formal occasion or when discussing a very strict matter, she will also be called her majesty.

8. The emperor's address to his subordinates

In the play, you can often see the emperor saying when he asks the minister to get up: "Aiqing is flat!" ”。 In fact, in the Song Dynasty, the emperor was usually called "official" in the colloquial language, and "Aiqing" was called a prostitute ~ woman on many occasions, and it was obviously impossible for the emperor to call his subordinates with such an extremely unsightly title. It is generally an official title plus a name. The closest thing is the first name or last name plus the ranking.

9. General name

1. A salutation of the owner

In the Song Dynasty, "master" was limited to the title of husband by the official eunuchs. Its exalted position in the family is self-evident. The word "lord" has not yet been formed by the Song people. The slave called the male master "Alang"; and called the young master "Lang Jun", and the prince was also called "Lang Jun"; Calling both the housewife and the lady "lady".

When Yang Guifei was favored, she was called a "lady", "New Tang Dynasty Book. The queen concubine passed on. Yang Guifei": "The palace is called 'lady', the body and the queen, etc. ”。 That is to say, Yang Guifei is the main mother in the palace, equivalent to the ** master, her status is like a queen, Tang Xuanzong regards her as a wife, and she is arrogant.

2. Young men and women

However, "Niangzi" and "Langjun" are not only used by slaves to address their masters. Older people will also call young people "Lang" or "Langjun", and familiar men are often called by their surnames plus the line or "Lang" at the end; And to call a woman, she is mostly called by her surname, plus "Niang". It should be in daily interactions, calling "Niangzi" and "Langjun" to show respect, so it has become a common name. Calling the other party's son "Ling Lang Jun" and "Ling Lang" is still a familiar name.

During the Tang and Song dynasties, rankings were especially popular, and even as important as surnames, first names, and characters, some lower-class people either only had surnames and rankings, no names, let alone characters. So many times the title is surname plus ranking, such as Yan Xiaoyi, or Brother Xiaoyi. In the Song Dynasty, it ranked first, and it can also be called "big" or "one".

Young men are generally called "Lang" by family ranking, such as "Wu Dalang" and "Yang Liulang" (according to research, Yang Liulang is actually his father's eldest son, and the sixth rank is the family ranking).

"Niang" is the corresponding title for women. Basically, men and women can be called "ladies" when they greet each other, regardless of whether they know each other or not, and those who are younger can be called "little ladies". "Lady" here does not mean wife. Acquainted,

Most of them are called by their surnames plus "Niang", such as Gongsun Auntie, Du Shi Niang, Sun Erniang (Zhang Qing's wife in "Water Margin", Sun is her real surname, Sun Erniang is the same name, not the title of her husband's surname. Many women don't have names, which is the equivalent of a name. The aforementioned Mazu, according to legend, her real name is Lin Mo, also known as Lin Mo Niang.

3. Elderly

For the elderly, it is no longer suitable to be called "Lang", and it is time to be called "Gong". For example, Lu You's father is called "Lu Gong" (later generations also call Lu You "Lu Gong"), and Zhao Ding is Zhao Gong. Personal opinion, it seems that the previous people were not middle-aged, and after the youth and youth were old, and they were called old when they passed forty, of course, at that time, most of them were "Weng Weng", and it was not an exaggeration to call them "Gong". In fact, when you are middle-aged, you have generally found an official and a half-job, and others will use the official position to call it, such as Du Gongbu (Du Fu, of course, the Tang Dynasty. ), who has taken the township examination, will also be called "Xiucai".

4. Add say "Lang".

In the Qin Dynasty, the Lang official "Lang Zhong Ling" was set up, which was a senior official close to the emperor, and the later Han Dynasty, Wei, Jin, and Northern and Southern Dynasties all inherited these systems, such as "Men Shilang", and the Tang Dynasty and the Song Dynasty had more "Lang Guan" names, "Chengxin Lang", "Chaofeng Lang" and so on. In my opinion, the title of "Lang" is derived from "Lang Guan".

―――――――――――――――――――

Note:

1). The girl refers to the aunt. It is not difficult to understand that "Niang" is a common term for women.

2). You can't use the title of "Miss" casually, it is very unfortunate, as early as the Song Dynasty, the meaning of "Miss" is the meaning of "prostitute ~ woman". The Song people's title of "Miss" by no means refers to the daughter of a wealthy family.

3). The son of the official is called Yanai. Qin Hui's son Qin Xi is the famous "Yanei". The title "Gongzi" is not yet universal, Gongzi refers to the "son of the duke", and must be a high-ranking family, such as the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, which refers to the princes or the heirs of the princes.

4). At that time, if you called someone "man" or "old man", it contained considerable contempt.

5. Salutation between husband and wife

My dear

The Song Dynasty was an era of cultural exchanges between the north and the south. In terms of the title between husband and wife, it is also a dynasty with more titles. In Gong Yanzhong, the term "official" appeared to call the emperor "official", which was very cordial; Among the common people, there is the title of "official". Some wives refer to their husbands as "officials." It's also a sign of respect.

Messire

However, the term Xianggong does not refer to one's husband. In the drama, between husband and wife, there are many "fathers" and "ladies", in fact, this is a very big mistake in the Tang and Song dynasties!

The word "Xianggong" is strictly forbidden to be used casually! In the Song Dynasty, in a narrow sense, it was still limited to the honorific title of the prime minister, but in fact, it was also possible to be an honorific title for a general high-ranking official, such as Yue Fei was called "Xianggong". Later, "Xianggong" became the title of the husband, which is probably related to the original honorific title, and they all hope that their beloved is "Xianggong".

Beloved

In ancient times, husbands were called "beloved", which is good! The word "beloved" does not indicate the gender of the woman, and the wife calls her husband "beloved"; Husbands call their wives "beloved" as well; From here, it can be seen that the status of men and women at that time was relatively equal, but this indifference also brought a lot of inconvenience to the title of husband and wife.

Outsiders, outsiders

In the Song Dynasty, wives also called their husbands "outsiders", and those who were more elegant were called "outsiders", and husbands called their wives "insiders" in addition to "mothers". In front of others, there are also modest titles for his wife as "cheap" and "family".

In addition, later, "Langjun" and "Niangzi" gradually became the title of husband and wife, which may have been the name of each other before marriage or newly married at the beginning, and then slowly became a special name. To this day, the folk still refer to the newlyweds as "groom officials" and "brides".

―――――――――――――――――――

Note:

1) Sir

The word "sir" is, in modern times, also called "husband" as sir. There is an original meaning, an extended meaning, and a false meaning. There are specific references, and there are general references. As far as its original meaning is concerned, the two meanings of "father and brother" and "Taoist priest" in ancient times are no longer used. And its most basic meaning seems to be "teacher". It is also extended to the honorific title for the elderly and virtuous. Sometimes, it is also commonly used as an honorific title for people. It can be seen that this title, in addition to referring to certain specific statuses, such as husbands, implies factors of occupation and age. In other words, the so-called gentleman mainly refers to a person who has a certain amount of knowledge and is older. The use of Mr. to refer to the husband is elegant and has the meaning of admiration and respect. The dignity of men in particular is evident from this. Therefore, it should be the same as the principle that the husband evolved into a husband.

2) Husband

The word husband was originally a eunuch. The names of the ancient officials were Siren, Huangmen, and Mink. Honorific titles of internal officials, internal ministers, middle officials, and middle nobles; Humble names are Neizhu, eunuchs, eunuchs, and eunuchs. Folk are commonly known as husbands.

――――――――――――――――――――――――――――

As can be seen from the subsequent changes in these titles, it is usually the honorific title that slowly evolves into a generic name, which expresses people's wishes and respect (the change of the title "husband" should be an exception, or it may be that I have not yet understood it.) ）。

Select a piece of information about royal titles:

"West Lake Chronicles" Volume 2:

Guangzong is forbidden in the crane, looking forward to inner meditation, and it is difficult to speak in the end, and he hits the Empress Dowager Cifu several times. The Queen Mother was suspicious, and asked the attendant and said: "The eldest brother has been in charge repeatedly, why?" There is a song next to it: "I want to look at the mother for fun." In an instant, Emperor Shou went to the east, calmly, and said: "The official family is also good to have fun early, let go of Cao." Shang said: "The minister has been wanting to be with him for a long time, but the child is still young and has not experienced it, so he can't be with him." No, he will be happy for a long time. After not being strong, Yuguangzong said: "I have tasted the message of Naiweng, and I have seen Nail." Guangzong said: "The minister's hair is white, and he still thinks he is a child, and he sins against Weng." "Gai said that Emperor Gaozong Xunshou was in his prime.

the Empress Dowager Cifu in the text, that is, the Empress Wu of Gaozong; Shouhuang is filial piety. Guangzong is called the "third brother". The queen mother is called "Niangniang", the emperor calls himself "minister" to the queen mother, Guangzong also calls himself "minister", and Guangzong calls his grandfather Gaozong "Weng Weng".

FYI, if there is a difference, please forgive I1387