Preparations for surgery began.

John, who was sitting in the last row, couldn't help but stand up. He came relatively late and failed to occupy the front position, but seeing that everyone else was honestly sitting in the seat, he was embarrassed to occupy the front, so he had to stare at the direction of the operating table in front of him with wide eyes, and tried to identify the movements of Liszt and others.

In addition to the patient in the bed, there were five people in total.

Liszt, who was the surgeon, was naturally in the middle, and when the operation began, he took off his coat and rolled up his sleeves. On either side of him stood two people, one dragging a plate in his hand and the other dragging a white towel.

"One should be an assistant, and the other should be something like an instrument nurse."

Soon, John had a preliminary judgment in his mind about the positioning of these two people. The surgeon must be equipped with at least one assistant, and no matter how simple the surgery in this era is, it is impossible to solve it with a scalpel alone, right? So the role of a surgical nurse still needs to be there.

Merely......

"When did you start wearing hand clothes, gloves, and masks?"

Looking at Liszt and the others, who were well-dressed and ready to operate on patients, John's thinking habitually dispersed. Although he knew that surgery in this era was like this, he was still a little unaccustomed to seeing everyone standing on the edge of the operating table in gowns.

"That's so unprofessional!"

John's professional sensibility, once a surgeon, played a powerful role at this time.

There were not just three people in the operation, and soon the other two were on their feet, but unlike the other three, they all had something in their hands that caught John's eye: the man on the left was holding a large, paper-bag-like object that looked very light, while the man in the zip code was holding a relatively simple device with a long tube.

"The man on the left is probably holding an anesthetic from this era, right?"

After a moment's thought, John immediately guessed what was in the bag.

It's either ** or laughing gas.

Laughing gas, whose chemical name is nitrous oxide, is a colorless but sweet gas, because it can make people laugh after smelling it, so people also call it laughing gas. This gas has a certain anesthetic effect, and has been used as an anesthetic by surgeons since the mid-19th century, and has become a powerful weapon for surgeons for a long time. This thing was not very common in later generations, but it was still used in hospitals, and although John had never used it, he had seen it when he went to other hospitals for school exchanges.

For more than 130 years, mankind's understanding of foreign science has undergone earth-shaking changes, but John was amazed to find that in fact, some of the most basic things have continued!

Chief surgeon, assistant, nurse, anesthesiologist......

Just like the study of anatomy in humans, new knowledge may emerge every year, but the number of bones in the human body is never the same.

However, John couldn't guess the device in the other person's hand, which seemed to be not small in size and not too complicated in structure.

"What's that thing for?"

Just as John was frowning and pondering, the operation finally began.

The man with the large paper bag was the first to move, and after whispering a few words to the patient who was lying flat on the bed, he put the mask of the paper bag on the patient's mouth and nose, and the patient quickly fell asleep.

According to John's familiar surgical procedures, after anesthesia, it should be sterilized and clothed, but it is obvious that there is no such concept in this era, and there is no such thing as a towel, and the person with the strange equipment suddenly became busy. I saw that after he lowered his head and fiddled with it a few times, a mist suddenly erupted from the port of the long pipe, and Liszt and two assistants next to him immediately stretched out their hands and put them in the mist and scrubbed them vigorously. It can be seen that Liszt washed very seriously, as if this was a very important step.

"Hey! It turned out to be the legendary stone carbonic acid! ”

After seeing Liszt's movements, it dawned on John that he finally knew what this sprayer-like thing was for, it was stone carbonic acid, one of the first disinfectants used by surgeons, and the key to Liszt's fame.

However, seeing Liszt's calm appearance, John couldn't help grinning and nodded in admiration.

Stone carbonate does have a disinfectant effect, and was widely used as a disinfectant by surgeons in the late 19th century, but at the same time it also has a strong toxicity, which is harmful to human skin, and it is precisely because of this injury that a surgeon who cherishes flowers understands the use of rubber gloves a few years later......

After washing his hands with carbonic acid, the surgery began.

Standing in the last row, John looked at the audience with fascination. It seems that this is an open surgery, but because of the distance and the fact that several doctors surrounded the patient, John didn't know exactly what it was doing, but he clearly saw that the person sprayed a large amount of carbonic acid into the patient's abdomen.

"Is this the disinfection method of this era......

It was a little funny at first, but John soon sighed secretly.

Compared with the tedious preparation steps before each operation in his previous life, the surgery of this era can really be described as simple and abnormal, but this is the preparation work that seems to be full of problems, but it is already at the forefront of the entire world surgical community. Moreover, it is precisely these seemingly simple operation steps that many ordinary people in later generations can try in the novels that completely changed the entire history of surgery in the decades of the late 19th century and the beginning of the 2O century!

One of the three major problems faced by the rise of surgery in the 19th century has been solved by many people.

In fact, another big problem - anesthesia is now a good method, especially the use of ** is more common. However, in the opinion of John the Traverser, ** because of its dangerous, toxic effects and inhibition of breathing and circulation, it will definitely be eliminated in the future, although the process will be very long; Although laughing gas is good, it also has certain limitations, and with the current preparation technology, I am afraid it will be quite unstable. But for now, at least compared to thirty or forty years ago, when people had to grit their teeth and survive the severe pain during surgery, patients are happier now......

Soon, Liszt picked up the scalpel and made a swift incision in the patient's abdomen.

At this moment, John finally couldn't hold back the curiosity surging in his heart, and ran lightly to the right side of the first row, tiptoeing to look at the operating table. Although the distance was still not close, and he was blocked by people, he couldn't see what Liszt was doing at all, but as an experienced surgeon, he could still see something through the general movements of Guò and the coordination between several people.

However, just a minute later, he was stunned again.

It is difficult for later generations of physicians and patients to imagine this surgical scene more than 100 years ago, because in this era, every patient lying on the operating table has either reached a desperate situation, or has the courage of more ordinary people, and the surgeons of this era also have skills and ...... that later generations of physicians could not imagine

Degree!

"Goo-dong!"

Involuntarily, John's Adam's apple surged heavily.

For a while, he didn't know how to describe Liszt's surgery. You must know that in the era when John studied and worked in his previous life, even after being corrected by many experts, many places in the Celestial Empire still used the degree of surgery as one of the criteria for judging the level of surgeons, so there would be titles such as "the first knife in such and such a city" and "the first knife in such and such a hospital", but John can be sure that even if he is a surgeon in the future, he may not be able to compare with Liszt in front of him!

After a long time, John finally found two words to describe the qiē in front of him.

Simple, brutal!

The originator of modern surgery does not seem to think about the possible harm to patients caused by his own surgical methods, and the process of surgery is almost blindly fast, and the scalpel flies up and down, opening and closing, which makes John, who wants to observe it, startled, and almost can't help but exclaim in a low voice.

Of course, Liszt and the others on the stage couldn't hear the exclamation in John's heart, they worked on their own, cooperated very tacitly, and continued to shock John with high efficiency, and finally this operation more than 130 years ago ended in just half an hour!

"God!"

After watching Liszt finish the last stitch, John couldn't help but call out to the supreme god in the hearts of Westerners.

In an era when there were no even McSs dots, it was a little incredible that surgeons could perform a seemingly unsimple operation so quickly!

At the same time, John slowly guessed something, such as Liszt's surgical skills can be called rough, the incision is too large, the bleeding is excessive, the injury to the patient is too heavy, etc., it can be said that in his eyes, the surgery of the professor of surgery is useless, but if you take into account the instability of the current anesthesia technology, as well as the various critical situations that may occur, it seems that speeding up the operation is also a good choice.

And don't forget, it was 130 years ago!

But now is not the time to sigh. Because Liszt had fully expressed his views before the operation, and even had a heated debate with some colleagues who deliberately came to find fault, he no longer continued to interact with the audience at this time, and directly pushed the patient and prepared to leave. After a moment's hesitation, John walked over briskly and greeted respectfully, "I'm sorry, dear Mr. Liszt, can I say a few words to you......

……

I'm sorry, but I'll be back to normal from tomorrow.

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