“…… Teach, professor, are they all really dead? ”

After his eyes left the microscope, the forty-year-old yellow man's eyes widened in surprise, and the light flickered frequently under the round lenses.

"Yes, all dead!"

Rubbing his hands vigorously, Koch said excitedly.

After pulling John and Ehrlich to his cottage, Koch couldn't wait to discuss it with each other, and then he couldn't wait to start the experiment - the experiment to eliminate Vibrio cholerae! The easiest way to do this is to heat it, and as prompted by John, they boiled the sewage containing Vibrio cholerae, and sure enough, after heating it at 55 degrees for 10 minutes, the Vibrio cholerae died, and after boiling, it was killed immediately!

"John, this ...... It's too easy, too! ”

His eyes immediately looked at the young man on the side, and Koch said excitedly.

"Hehe, it's not complicated to get rid of Vibrio cholerae."

replied casually, but John's eyes always stayed on the middle-aged yellow man - that was Kitasato Shibazaburo! One of Koch's three best students! The originator of Japanese bacteriology!

For those who understand the history of medicine, Pasteur, Koch and Liszt are undoubtedly the most dazzling names of this era, among which Pasteur's contribution is undoubtedly the greatest, and Koch is known as the "father of bacteriology", "father of bacilli", "nemesis of the plague" and so on by virtue of his outstanding contributions in many fields such as microbiology, bacteriology, and medicine. But there is one thing that Pasteur does not compare to Koch, and that is that when it comes to training students, the three great men under Koch shine too brightly: Behring was the first Nobel laureate in physiology or medicine, and Ehrlich won the prize a few years after him. Kitasato Shibazaburo returned to Japan and eventually became famous!

However, this is a Japanese scientist full of tragedy......

In the original history of medicine, Kitasato and Behring worked together on serum immunity, and they went through a lot of hardships in the middle, but by 1892. The diphtheria antitoxin serum they developed was ineffective. Kitasato Shibazaburo returned to China, and Behrin found his teacher Koch, who introduced him to Ehrlich, who was supposed to be under the sect! Because there were also contemporaries of the Pasteur Institute Knox to carry out the same research, and the contradiction between Germany and France could not be adjusted, so under the call of the national righteousness, Ehrlich reluctantly took action, and finally developed a quantitative analysis method of serum antitoxin content, and took the lead in putting forward the concept of minimum lethal dose - Behring did not know how to master the dose of antitoxin serum, and it was useless to do less. More harmful.

After a lot of hard work, the diphtheria antitoxin serum was successful.

Behring became a monopoly in 1894 by mass-producing antitoxin serums, and resolutely refused to give a share of the Koch Institute's profits, eventually parting ways with his teacher. As for Ehrlich, he eventually gave up his patent and refocused his attention on research......

Hey? How did it get to Behring?

Cough! Ahem! Let's go back to Kitasato Shibazaburo.

In the words of the future, Kitato's life. It can be described as a life of helplessness and a life of tragedy. A lifetime of making wedding dresses for others! In 1884 he discovered the cholera bacillus, but a year later than Koch (many years later, of course, the honor went to Pasini); Together with Behring, he came up with the concept of an antitoxin serum, but returned to Japan before it really succeeded; In 1894, when the third plague outbreak occurred worldwide, Kitasato Shibazaburo went to Hong Kong to conduct field investigations and was the first to discover the bubonic plague bacteria. In June, Yerson pestis was isolated with the Swiss bacteriologist Yersson, but due to the wrong description of the bacteria, it was not recognized internationally, and Yerson was fortunate to be the discoverer of the bacterium, so the bubonic bacillus pestis was named "Yersinia pestis"; He then mentored the Japanese bacteriologist Jie Shiga. The dysentery bacillus was isolated from the feces of dysentery patients, and it was eventually named Shigella......

"This guy is a typical example!"

After retracting his gaze from Kitasato Shibazaburo's face, John couldn't help but sigh secretly.

However, John himself did not have a good impression of the Japanese who was going to return to China soon, but only sighed slightly. In fact, Kitasato was one of the most typical Japanese of this era, when he was in Europe, he looked up at people, and respected Koch all his life, but after returning to the East, he looked down at people, especially towards the Chinese. For example, at China's first international academic conference twenty years later, Kitasato was extremely domineering, trying to force Chinese to give way and let him take the lead, but fortunately, Western scientists and scholars did not follow his example, and finally the participating scholars from 11 countries elected Wu Liande as the chairman of the conference......

John still respects Kitasato Shibazaburo's academic achievements, but what about character...... Like what he thought of Behring, John didn't think much of it from the bottom of his heart.

"In fact, there are many ways to kill Vibrio cholerae in addition to heating!"

Shaking his head, John pulled himself out of his memories of history and began to explain: "They are very sensitive to dryness, acids, and general disinfectants, and they do not survive long in stomach acid...... By the way, if you add chlorine to the water, you can kill them very quickly! But under normal circumstances, they survive for a long time......"

A series of conclusions made Koch and Kitasato Shisaburo stunned when they heard it.

In fact, it is not very surprising at all, the technical level of this era is so backward that even a top scientist like Koch cannot have the conditions of the microbiology department of any school in the future. For them, it is very difficult to cultivate and purify bacteria, and the cost is extremely high, how can they have so many resources to do experiments? So the theory that sounds so simple in the future is quite "high-end" in this era!

Having been in this day and age for a long time, John certainly understands this.

Therefore, for the clinical symptoms of cholera patients, John simply said, after all, the doctors of this era have seen a lot and are naturally very clear, but there is a lack of systematic induction, but for the characteristics of Vibrio cholerae and the means of prevention and treatment, etc., it must be explained in detail.

So after talking about the properties of Vibrio cholerae, John continued: "According to our research and related infectious disease theories, patients and carriers of Vibrio cholerae are the source of infection, and their faeces or excreta can cause cholera outbreaks when they contaminate water and food. Of course, Vibrio cholerae contaminates fish, shrimp and other aquatic products, including contact with the daily lives of sick people...... Oh, by the way, flies can also transmit Vibrio cholerae, which must be easy to understand, right? Therefore, if you want to control the spread of cholera, you must first control the source of infection, and once a patient is found, you must be strictly isolated; The second is to cut off the route of transmission, for example, to disinfect the water source, to carefully dispose of the patient's excrement, to kill the flies, and of course, to inform people that the raw water must be boiled before drinking, and the food must be fully heated before it can ......be eaten" (to be continued). )