Why is it so hard to go under the knife in the heart?

To understand this, we need to start with the special structure and function of the heart. In the 21st century, if you ask anyone, you should know that one of the conditions for human survival is oxygen, and all cells in the body need oxygen to survive. So, how do these cells get their oxygen and nutrients?

The answer is also very simple, the role of the heart and blood.

The heart is mostly made up of muscles, but it is not solid and most of it is empty. Figuratively speaking, the heart is like a four-bedroom room, with a thick muscle wall in the middle, which divides itself into two parts, left and right, and each part is divided into two chambers, the upper part is called the atrium, that is, the left atrium and the right atrium, and the lower part is called the ventricle, that is, the left ventricle and the right ventricle.

The heart has four rooms, each with a large blood vessel connecting them.

The left ventricle is connected to the aorta, the right ventricle is connected to the pulmonary artery, the left atrium is connected to the pulmonary vein, and the right atrium is connected to the superior and inferior vena cava. A systemic circulation, a pulmonary circulation, completes the supply of nutrients to the human body. It's a very sophisticated system in which the heart plays the central role of the engine.

To put it bluntly, the heart is the left and right pumps, and it is a one-way flowing pump.

There is a valve between the atria and the ventricles, and between the ventricles and the arteries, which is a switch that allows blood to flow in only one direction, that is, from the atria to the ventricles and from the ventricles to the arteries. A heartbeat, which involves the contraction and expansion of the heart, when the atria contract, blood is pressed out of the atria and through the valve into the ventricles, which then contract and the valves close. Blood from the left ventricle is pumped from the aorta and throughout the body, and blood from the right ventricle is pumped from the pulmonary artery to the lungs. Then the valve closes, and both the atria and ventricles relax. Blood from the lungs flows back into the left atrium through the pulmonary veins, and blood from all parts of the body flows back to the right atrium through the superior and inferior vena cava.

The blood flowing throughout the body carries oxygen and nutrients. bring back carbon dioxide and metabolites; The blood flowing to the lungs carries the dioxide pond and brings back oxygen...... The two cycles provide the body with adequate oxygen and nutrients.

Having said so much, in fact, it is nothing more than emphasizing two points: one is that the heart is extremely important to the human body, because it supplies oxygen and nutrients to the whole body; The second is that the heart is working all the time, and its beating, that is, the role of contraction and relaxation, is very important!

Now that I turn back, it's easy to understand why heart surgery is so difficult.

It was not very difficult to open the chest, but it was extremely difficult for 19th-century physicians to operate on the heart. First, because of the action of the heart, the engine that supplies blood to the whole body cannot be stopped. Once stopped, there can be big problems, and just a few minutes can lead to extremely serious consequences; The second is the movement of the heart. Imagine that no matter the conventional trauma surgery or open surgery, even if the beginning of neurosurgery, the patient is still after anesthesia, and the surgeon can calmly operate, operate, and suture, but the heart surgery is a completely different matter, even when it is under anesthesia, it is still beating. How do I go under the knife?

So even in the 21st century, heart surgery is complicated.

It's just that in the future, when medical technology is highly developed, it will be. Surgeons can use a number of advanced methods to allow them to operate with ease. But at the end of the 19th century, this idea was undoubtedly fantastical! That's why the Bilrot spell has the soil to survive, and no surgeon who cherishes his reputation will touch the forbidden area of the heart!

John? Huntelaar, of course, is no exception!

In his previous life, he was only a general surgeon and had little contact with cardiothoracic surgery. And after this era, because the technical conditions are too simple, it is even more impossible for him to do anything rashly. So for a long time, whether it was in Berlin or New York, once a patient with a heart injury was admitted to the hospital, John would at most look at the situation. But it never goes any further.

But today, he was not willing to turn around and walk away as before.

So in the face of Professor Bergman's doubts, John insisted: "Professor, I want to see this patient!" ”

"This ...... All right. ”

Not quite sure what John was thinking, Professor Bergman could only nod. For him, John had no problem going to see the patient, after all, this was one of his most proud students, and he had the corresponding power in the Department of Surgery at Charlotte Hospital, the only regret was that this kid refused to go back with him, and there was no one to communicate with when he read those two books for a while.

Professor Bergman went back to his office, and John came to a surgical ward.

"Huh? John? ”

Seeing John come in, a surgeon in his thirties screamed in surprise, and then greeted him with a happy face: "Long time no see, why did you come to the hospital today?" ”

"Good morning, Luca!"

After greeting the other party, John smiled slightly: "I plan to come to the hospital to work for a while in the near future...... Can you tell us about this young man? ”

Without a reminiscence mind, John's gaze quickly shifted to the patient on the hospital bed.

This is a young white man of twenty-three or four-year-old at most, about one meter six in height, with a thin build, a pale face, and no trace of blood. The patient was visibly unconscious, with his chest rising and falling with difficulty. A quick glance at John's eyes revealed that the young white man had at least four wounds on his body, two on his arm, one on his head, and one on his chest. The arms and head have obviously been treated and bandaged, but the chest is ......

Although there was no active bleeding, the clothes were dark red!

"The police sent it, but the details are not clear."

Glancing at the young white man on the hospital bed, Lukka shook his head and said, "I have been stabbed four times, as you can see, I have already dealt with the other three, but this one in the chest...... I don't have any way! ”

When he said this, Luca looked calm.

John was not surprised, and asked with a smile after a slight groan, "Luca, can I check on the patient's condition?" ”

"Well, of course."

After being stunned, Lukka nodded immediately.

As an old man in the Department of Surgery at Charlotte Hospital, Luca was of course familiar with John, and knew that this kid's status in the surgical community was probably similar to that of Professor Bergman. And in this era, it doesn't matter at all about the so-called medical qualifications, and for the doctors who go out of his own hospital, Luca is of course even more impossible to stop.

After receiving permission, John stepped forward and examined the patient carefully.

As he had just seen, there were stab wounds everywhere, only the chest was not treated. And the patient's condition at this time is very bad, pale, difficult to breathe, pulse is also very irregular, the chest clothes are soaked with blood, tear open and observe, the wound is on the left side of the sternum two fingers, the fourth intercostal space, but the bleeding seems to have stopped, no more blood seeps.

"It must have hurt my heart."

Just as John scrutinized the wound on the patient's chest, Lukka couldn't help but interject.

"Hmm......"

After a moment of silence, John nodded slowly.

John still agrees with this diagnosis, and he is now just in a very tangled mood: should he take care of the patient in front of him or not? (To be continued.) )