Just as Ehrlich and Osler were preparing to begin trials of the first human diphtheria antitoxin serum, John? Huntelaar was also not idle in Berlin.

"Come, take a look at this ward!"

Professor Wolfgang led John to the door of a hospital room and whispered, "There are children up to the age of twelve, and many times we put children with diphtheria in one ward......

After listening to Professor Wolfgang's introduction, John glanced sideways into the ward.

The ward of the internal medicine department is not large, that is, twenty or thirty square meters, but at a glance, it is densely packed with beds and all kinds of sundries. Six children were hospitalized, each accompanied by at least one parent, and the small room looked like it was packed. Coupled with the small windows, dark light, and poor ventilation, a breath that makes people cover their noses can't help but come to their faces!

Seeing the scene in front of him, John's brow couldn't help but frown.

Although the success of the Department of Surgery at Charlotte Hospital has taught a lot of things from the Department of Internal Medicine, for example, the doctors have uniformly dressed in white coats and look much more professional, and for example, there are regular people cleaning every morning and afternoon, and even disinfecting with drugs, etc., but the lack of hardware in the hospital itself has limited the improvement of conditions. Moreover, the number of internal medicine patients far exceeds that of surgery, and Professor Wolfgang did not have the courage to enforce the number of patients in the wards, and the overcrowding situation was difficult to change for a while.

What's more, there are not many rich people in the hospital.

The surgery is relatively better, after all, Charlotte Hospital's appendectomy and other techniques have become famous, and with the improved environment, many people are willing to live in for surgery. But internal medicine is a different matter, people from slightly better families will basically ask doctors to come to their homes for diagnosis and treatment, and most of the people who are willing to live in hospitals are really poor.

Europe of this era. The poor have a hard time.

The level of education is very low, the income is only enough to feed and wear, coupled with the limitations of the times, many people in this era almost stop bathing in the autumn and winter. More than a dozen people were crammed into the stuffy room, and you can imagine what the air looked like with the smell of sweat, the smell of food, and all kinds of strange smells......

After a moment of silence, John asked in a low voice, "Professor." Are all diphtheria patients living here? ”

"Well, it should be."

Raising his eyebrows, Professor Wolfgang nodded and said, "It is the time of high incidence of diphtheria, and patients are admitted to the hospital every day...... In fact, thousands of children die of diphtheria every year across Germany, and Berlin is one of the hardest hit areas. ”

As mentioned earlier, diphtheria was one of the most threatening diseases for children in the 19th century, with more than 50,000 children dying of this infectious disease every year in Europe, and Germany after reunification was an absolute power. The number of deaths, of course, will not be less. As one of the most famous and largest hospitals in the Berlin area, Charlotte Hospital certainly has no shortage of such patients.

Therefore, in the face of John's request, Professor Wolfgang was able to confidently say: "John, if your new drug is produced, we have patients in our hospital to try it for you!" Rest assured, you can come and ...... at any time."

Professor Wolfgang is also very much looking forward to the antitoxin serum mentioned by John.

From aspirin to sulfonamides, to procaine and lidocaine. Professor Wolfgang is now confident in John's new drug. And on the other hand, Pasteur and Koch's previous work also laid a solid foundation for John's theory: you know. Pasteur's previous anthrax and rabies vaccines have caused quite a stir.

Although in essence, Pasteur and Koch used physical and chemical methods, while John used biological methods, there was no difference in Professor Wolfgang's view.

“…… Then I hope that it will be able to start in mid-October. ”

Facing the internal medicine giants of the Charlotte Hospital of the University of Berlin, John pondered for a moment and then said, "Mr. Osler, they may try at any time." If it is successful, it shows that the drug is indeed effective, and here Heinz Pharmaceutical Company has purchased a farm and a large number of cattle and horses, and will soon be able to start preparing antitoxin serum in batches, but there are still some slight flaws in purification......"

"What are you afraid of if you have a little flaw?"

Before John could finish speaking, Professor Wolfgang said with some disapproval: "The purification of drugs has always been a big problem. It is basically impossible to solve it completely. I don't think you have to wait until the technology is mature, as long as the sample is prepared, you can test it! ”

With this technology, it is indeed difficult to ensure the purity of some chemical products.

Just like procaine in the same period of history, as well as the antitoxin serum prepared by Behring, the journal is one of the most critical factors affecting their efficacy and safety. If it weren't for John's appearance, I don't know how long it would take for these drugs to be really safe for clinical use!

So John hurriedly shook his head and said with a wry smile: "Professor, I think it's better to wait, the technology is mature, but the technicians are not very skilled, it should be soon." ”

"Uh...... All right. ”

Although he was a little unimpressed by John's caution, Professor Wolfgang nodded with a frown after a moment's hesitation.

The professor of internal medicine couldn't understand why John was so cautious.

If he was a little hesitant to try aspirin and sulfonamides, when he heard that John had developed a new drug for diphtheria, Wolfgang was left with excitement and anticipation. The young man's performance in the past few years has convinced the professor of internal medicine, and he subconsciously trusts him very much.

And......

What's there to worry about finding someone to do the experiment?

Isn't it normal for physicians to try out new drugs or treatments on patients?

In fact, this was indeed very common in the 19th century, and some physicians even used these methods on themselves many times, as long as you look at the history of medicine, you can see that there are still fewer physicians who die on their own research goals?

Looking at Professor Wolfgang in confusion, John opened his mouth and closed it again.

After a few attempts, John had little interest in discussing drug safety with late 19th-century physicians, because he knew it didn't make any sense. If more than 100 years later, it is very difficult for any new drug to enter the market, and the phase 1234 trial is long and arduous, and any little potential danger is enough for the FDA to reject the drug marketing application. Therefore, it takes more than ten years and billions of dollars for each new drug to be launched, and there are only dozens of new drugs (pure new drugs) in a year.

These things are not explained clearly by 19th-century physicians.

Professor Wolfgang didn't seem to want to dwell on this, and instead laughed and said, "John, if it can really cure diphtheria as you say, you can announce it at that meeting at the end of October!" ”

"A meeting at the end of October?"

John blinked, and suddenly laughed: "Professor, I heard Professor Bergman say that the conference at the end of October should be the largest medical conference in Germany in the whole year, right?" ”

"Yes, always."

Nodding his head, Professor Wolfgang said with certainty: "If you can complete the patient experiment before the conference starts, and it will be successful, it will definitely cause a sensation!" ”

Although there were very few academic conferences at the end of the 19th century due to transportation and other factors, and the number of participants was very small, with the rapid expansion and growth of railways, face-to-face meetings and exchanges in addition to medical journals from various countries gradually flourished.

Every year at the end of October, the German medical community holds a gathering.

The number of people may not be large, most of the time only a hundred or even a few dozen people, but the quality is relatively high. In addition to Professor Wolfgang and Professor Bergman today, John also received an invitation to this meeting.

And......

After hearing the definite answer, John squinted his eyes and smiled: "Professor, in fact, if the antitoxin serum can cause a sensation, I have really prepared a lot of good things this time......" (To be continued......