Chapter 26 The First Five-Year Plan
The first five-year plan for China's industrial exhibition is of great significance, not only to fill the gap in China's heavy industry, but also to greatly promote the development of China's leading forces, without heavy industry is simply impossible to produce aircraft cannons. Historically, the First Five-Year Plan began on May 14, 1953, with a total investment of 76.64 billion yuan. The construction tasks specified in the plan were completed by the end of 1957. The initial foundation for socialist industrialization in the People's Republic of China was established. The socialist transformation of individual agriculture, handicrafts, and private industry and commerce has been basically completed, and the socialist relations of production have been basically determined.
From May 14, 1953 to 1956, it was announced that the tasks set out in the plan had been completed ahead of schedule. At the end of 1953, three major projects including the rolling mill of Anshan Iron and Steel Company were completed and put into operation. In 1956, China's first factory to produce trucks, Changchun No. 1 Automobile Factory, produced the first car; China's first aircraft factory successfully trial-produced the first jet aircraft; China's first machine tool manufacturing factory - Shenyang No. 1 Machine Tool Factory was completed and put into operation. In 1957, the Wuhan Yangtze River Bridge was completed, connecting the traffic between the north and south of the Yangtze River.
In 1957, it produced 5.35 million tons of steel, 130 million tons of raw coal and 195 million tons of grain. The average annual growth rate of gross social output was 11.3 per cent, that of industry and agriculture was 11.1 per cent, that of agriculture was 4.5 per cent, and that of industry was 18 per cent (of which 12.9 per cent was light and 25.4 per cent was heavy). In the total output value of industry and agriculture, the proportion of the total industrial output value rose from 3o percent in 1949 to 56.7 percent in 1957. In the past five years, the labor productivity of all industrial workers has increased by 52.1 percent, the agricultural labor productivity has increased by 11.9 percent, the consumption of industrial materials has decreased by 2.3 percent, and the profit per 100 yuan of output value has been 17.1 yuan, and the national income has increased by an average of 8.9 percent per year. The consumption level of urban and rural residents in the country increased by an average of 4.2 percent per year, of which 3.2 percent were farmers and 4.9 percent were workers.
At the same time, the socialist transformation of agriculture, handicrafts, and capitalist industry and commerce was completed, creating more favorable conditions for the development of productive forces. By the end of 1957, all economic construction targets had generally been fulfilled by a large margin, and good news was frequently reported in the industrial and transportation sectors, especially in the industrial and transportation sectors. The construction of the Sichuan-Tibet, Qinghai-Tibet, and Xin-Tibet highways to the "roof of the world" has brought the motherland's interior closer to the border areas and also facilitated economic and cultural exchanges. Since then, China has begun to change the appearance of industrial backwardness and move towards socialist industrialization.
Within five years, the total investment completed by the whole country will be 5.5 billion yuan, of which the total basic investment of the state in the economic, cultural and educational sectors will be 49.3 billion yuan, which is 15.3 percent of the original plan of 42.74 billion yuan. In the five years, the new fixed assets increased by 4.6o billion yuan, equivalent to 1.9 times the original value of the national fixed assets at the end of 1952. More than 10,000 industrial and mining construction projects were constructed within five years, of which 921 were large and medium-sized projects, an increase of 227 over the planned projects, and by the end of 1957, 428 had been put into full production and 1o9 had been partially put into production. Of the 156 construction projects that the Soviet Union helped China build, by the end of 1957, 135 had been constructed, and 68 had been fully completed or partially completed and put into production.
Some industries that China did not have in the past, including aircraft, automobiles, electrical equipment, heavy machinery, new machine tools, precision instruments, electrolytic aluminum, seamless steel pipes, alloy steel, plastics, radios, etc., have been built from scratch, thus changing the incomplete situation of China's industry and increasing the strength of basic industries. With the support of the industrial base, transportation, agricultural production, national defense and military have all been greatly improved.
It can be said that the first five-year plan laid a solid foundation for China's socialist industrialization, and without the smooth implementation of this first five-year plan, it would not have been possible to study the "two bombs and one satellite" in such a short period of time, and the status of an international power could not have been completely established.
Chen Er recalled all the contents of the first five-year plan in his mind, but he didn't know whether his letter would play a certain role, and hoped that the first five-year plan could be implemented in advance, and he also hoped to participate in the manufacture of the first aircraft in New China. Chen Er looked at the drawings in front of him with some blankness, thinking that it would be such an honor for him to be able to design China's first aircraft.
Wen Jing didn't know what the team leader in front of her was thinking, and she smirked from time to time, for this team leader, she was really full of admiration from the bottom of her heart, and she was also very envious of her good sister Murong Wan, she could see that the team leader at least had a good impression of Murong Wan. At this time, the door was suddenly pushed open, and a soldier came in and said, "Team Leader Chen, the factory director, please go to his office." ”
Chen Er nodded and walked out, he didn't know what the master Wang Shengli was looking for himself, it wouldn't be the matter of the automatic rifle, I think the above has already made a comprehensive conclusion about his own research, I don't know if there will be any unexpected benefits this time. Soon I came to the door of the factory director's office, knocked on the door and walked in.
At this time, Wang Shengli was looking at some Wen Jiàn, and when he saw Chen Er coming in, he said: "Your kid's research this time has surprised the above, this fully automatic rifle has been greatly affirmed by the above in all aspects, but the requirements for ammunition are a little bigger." You also know that our arsenals in the country add up to the annual output of bullets, and many of them are recycled bullet shells, and it is really a big problem for the country's industry to keep up, but I think this problem is about to be solved. ”
"I'll tell you another piece of news, it is said that our neighbor Korea has a war, and it is said that the fighting is quite fierce, and it seems that the surrounding area of our country is not very peaceful. By the way, this decision on your research is just a verbal reward for you, and the material one is gone, I hope you will guard against arrogance and rashness, and be able to make greater breakthroughs in future research. ”
Chen Er asked tentatively: "Master, do you think that China will participate in the Korean War?" Wang Shengli thought for a while and said: "I don't know about this, it depends on what the war will look like, now China is full of holes, of course, I don't want to fight another war that has nothing to do with me." But this is all my thoughts, let's just talk about it casually, we can't do the big things in the country. ”
Saying that, Wang Shengli handed a copy of the document to Chen Er and said: "Look at this, this is the latest document I just got, after the unanimous vote of the National People's Congress, the First Five-Year Plan has been put on the agenda, and it is estimated that it will be able to be implemented in October at the latest, and then our country will have its own steel mill, machine tool factory, and what aircraft artillery will not be a problem." You kid is working hard now, maybe I, the factory director, will have to give you a hand in the future, and our country will finally have its own heavy industry. ”
Chen Er looked at this red-headed text, and couldn't help but feel excited in his heart, it seems that the letter he wrote to ** really played a certain role, this first five-year plan was put forward more than two years in advance, and history is quietly changing a little because of his arrival. However, no matter what the future holds, as an upright Chinese, he will definitely not bow to anyone.
Returning to his dormitory, Chen Er still couldn't hide the joy in his heart, Li Jun asked: "Second brother, why are you so happy to see you today, won't it be a confession to Murong Wan, I'll just say, you kid usually looks like a decent man and a gentleman, and he is not a hero who is sad to pass the beauty pass, but this is fine, I am worried that you have the idea of playing quietly, I think you have succeeded." ”
Chen Eryi pursed his lips and said: "What nonsense, I haven't thought about my life's major events, I'm happy about the rest, you know, our country is about to launch the first five-year plan, that is definitely a great thing for us and even the whole country." ”
"The first five-year plan, what was that?" Li Jun asked with a puzzled face.
Chen Er patiently explained: "This five-year plan is to vigorously develop the industry, you think about waiting until our country has its own steel mills, oil refineries, machine tool factories, automobile factories, aircraft factories, what kind of scene is that, you kid never dreamed of it." Besides, we have a lot of land and resources in China, and there is no shortage of all kinds of raw materials and ores, as long as there is refining equipment and technology, it will not be a dream to build anything. ”
Li Jun said excitedly: "Wouldn't it be that in the future, our country will be able to produce its own aircraft and artillery, and we will no longer have to rely on importing foreign obsolete goods." ”
"Yes, relying on imports can never solve all problems, or we have to rely on ourselves, foreigners can never sell us the most high-end technology and equipment, if we want to find a socialist road for Chinese, it will depend on our own innovation and struggle, but I believe that this goal will be achieved." With this 15th Plan, these previous dreams will gradually become reality. ”
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