“…… The above is the research results of our blood transfusion technology in the past two years! ”

Looking around at the many surgeons in the audience, John said loudly: "Gentlemen, a large number of facts have proved that if we carry out blood matching experiments before blood transfusion, the resulting surgical complications will be greatly reduced, and at the same time, safe blood transfusion will save countless patients who die of excessive blood loss!" At the same time, animal experiments have also proved that sodium citrate is very harmful to living organisms, and it is qualified as an anticoagulant of blood, at least until more perfect methods appear, which makes it possible to establish a blood bank ready for surgeons! In fact, at Heinz General Hospital in New York, there is now a small blood bank in operation and has managed to save the lives of three people......"

"Whoa......

Thunderous applause rang out in the huge auditorium!

The technology perfected twenty years in advance has had a huge impact on the surgeons of this era, especially Mr. Huntelaar on the stage, who is not simply inferring or guessing, but has come up with detailed and accurate data to explain all this - everyone finally understands what Huntelaar and his hospital have been doing in the past two years!

"Now it's finally certain that this will be a revolution!"

While clapping his hands vigorously, Liszt thought excitedly. Whether it is blood group theory or blood transfusion technology, there are many people in Europe who are studying it now, and Liszt is one of them. But in addition to the supporters, the opponents are equally numerous. On the one hand, this is naturally because there have been too many tragedies due to blood transfusions in history, and on the other hand, it is because the blood group theory has been misinterpreted by some people as another form of blood theory, which has stirred up many people's sensitive nerves......

But after listening to John's speech today, Liszt can finally be sure.

But for what John will talk about later. Liszt was also more curious. In his opinion, just the first ten minutes of content are enough to expand to a day, but just now John also said that the relevant paper will soon be published in the "New Medical Journal", so how valuable is the next thing? This made Liszt intrigued.

"Gentlemen, let's talk about blood vessels!"

After taking a deep breath. John said loudly on stage: "Now we all know that the cause of rapid bleeding in the human body is the rupture of blood vessels, such as ruptured blood vessels caused by trauma, knife wounds and gunshot wounds, etc., and what are the measures of our surgeons to deal with this situation?" ”

As John's voice grew louder and louder, the audience quickly regained calm.

"For a lot of surgeons, tourniquets are an option."

After a slight pause, John shook his head and said, "It's convenient to ligate a ruptured blood vessel, but it's a pity. Although this method can complete hemostasis in a short time, the scope of application is very narrow, and secondly, gangrene is easy to occur later, so I personally agree with the practice of other surgeons, for example, fifteen years ago, a gentleman connected the inferior vena cava and portal vein of a dog, and he inserted a special instrument from the corner of the blood vessel to ensure that the connection was open, and performed intermittent sutures, and subsequently. He made a connection between the portal vein and the inferior vena cava...... This gentleman? ”

Everyone followed John's gaze, and a middle-aged man in his forties lowered his raised arms. He stood up and said loudly, "Mr. Huntelaar, I admire your research on blood types and blood transfusion techniques, but ...... Are you sure suturing the blood vessels is a good solution? It is important to know that even using your Heinz Medical Device products will not smooth the blood vessel junction and prevent the occurrence of leaky blood vessels or narrowing, which can easily be clogged by blood clots. The incidence of infection is also high...... Are you sure it's going to be better than a tourniquet? ”

It was clear that he was not convinced by John's words.

"Hehe, it looks like this gentleman has tried!"

With his eyes narrowing slightly, John stared at the unconvinced surgeon and said aloud, "Please be seated, I beg you to finish listening to me first." May I? Over the past two years, my team and I have gone through hundreds of experiments and come to the conclusion that this kind of situation can be handled with specially designed instruments and with the right methods, except that we are experimenting with vascular end-to-end anastomosis! ”

"Boom!"

Again, there was a stir in the auditorium.

"Gentlemen, please look at these pictures!"

With a wave of his left hand, a young man next to the podium suddenly became busy at John's signal. The large paper version of the "slide" that had appeared before appeared in front of everyone again, and the first picture was a set of surgical instruments that looked precise.

"This is a set of instruments that Heinz Medical Devices is preparing to exit, specifically designed for delicate surgical procedures!"

Directing the young people to turn the slides page by page, John introduced the minimally invasive surgical instrument kit of the late 19th century one by one, and taught surgeons how to use these scalpels, tweezers, scissors, etc., until the "slide show" turned to the seventh page, and a broken blood vessel appeared in front of people's eyes!

"Ahem! Gentlemen, please be quiet! ”

After coughing lightly twice, after attracting everyone's attention, John said loudly: "Next, allow me to introduce you to a new method of dealing with ruptured blood vessels - vascular end-to-end anastomosis......

……

Vascular anastomosis is also one of the foundations of modern surgery.

For the surgeons of the 21st century, trauma surgery has developed very maturely, and techniques such as organ transplantation and amputated hand replantation are no longer fantastical, but for the surgeons of the late 19th century, these techniques are like fantasy novels. For them, dealing with human bleeding is a very difficult job, such as heavy bleeding caused by knife wounds, etc., until John crossed the invented hemostat, but the subsequent vascular treatment is always a problem.

To understand this, we must start with the role of blood vessels.

Anyone who has studied biology knows that the biggest role of blood is to provide nutrients to all parts of the body, and blood vessels throughout the body bring oxygen and various substances to tissues and cells. Therefore, once the blood vessel is ruptured, the local tissue does not get enough blood supply, and it is easy to die. For example, replantation of the severed hand and reconnecting the blood vessels of the severed hand to ensure its blood supply is one of the important guarantees for the success of the operation.

To put it bluntly, vascular anastomosis is the reconnection of blood vessels that have been broken by trauma.

Don't think it's easy to do this, it seems like just a little stitching them together with thread will do. In fact, any surgeon knows that this is not just a "tailor" job, but must take into account factors such as the tension of the blood vessels, the subsequent healing, and so on. And for the doctors of the late 19th century, it was too difficult to do this, as if high school students in the 21st century knew that there are several types of human blood, but the doctors of this era did not have this concept at all.

In the era without anesthetics, it was almost impossible for doctors to operate on blood vessels, and even if they did, pain, infection, and blood loss could kill patients. So in the 18th century, it was very difficult for physicians to try to suture blood vessels, and it wasn't until the advent of anesthetics and the rise of surgical sterilization that people really tried to "stitch" broken blood vessels. Of course, this is a very long and difficult process of exploration, because the equipment and technology are not up to standard, and it is difficult for surgeons to do this.

Two years later, in 1894, the French president was assassinated and suffered from a massive abdominal hemorrhage. This incident touched a medical student, Karel, who began to explore a truly effective vascular anastomosis, and eventually invented the three-point fixation method. For this discovery, and his subsequent organ transplant research in the United States, Karel was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1912......

For 19th-century surgeons, the importance of this technique was far from being described in words. With this technology, doctors will be more effective in dealing with blood vessel rupture caused by various traumas, and it will also lay the foundation for the development of future technologies such as limb replantation and organ transplantation.

The first issue John is going to talk about today is the end-to-end anastomosis of blood vessels.

This is one of the most basic techniques of surgery for future physicians, and John is no exception. So in the past two years, the surgeons at Heinz General Hospital have cooperated with him to conduct more than a dozen animal experiments and several human experiments, and finally "perfected" this vascular end-to-end anastomosis.

While arranging for the publication of the paper in the New Medical Journal, John chose to publish the research in London. And he is also convinced that with the solid foundation laid before, Huntelaar's version of vascular anastomosis will definitely not go as unappreciated as Carel in history, at least in the United States, the United Kingdom and Germany, and he believes that this technology will be popularized as soon as possible...... (To be continued.) )