Ernst Bergmann, who came to the University of Berlin six years ago from the University of Uziburg as Professor of Surgery, speaks volumes about his competence and status. It is important to know that at present, German universities often have only one professorship in a specialty, and only after the departure of the predecessor will there be a new successor.

When he arrived at the door of Bergman's office, John was a little excited.

In addition to the knowledge of the distant era, it is also a great blessing to be able to meet characters that can only be seen in books in the past. John loved the feeling of meeting and interacting with historical figures, Liszt, Koch, and of course Bergman.

Tidying up at the door, John took a deep breath and knocked lightly.

"Please come in!"

A deep, low voice came from behind the door.

With a "squeak", John pushed open the heavy wooden door and stood in the doorway and greeted respectfully: "Hello, I am John Huntelaar, and Mr. Fogel has let me be notified to meet you......"

"Oh, please come in!"

After hearing John's name clearly, Bergman immediately stood up and greeted warmly.

John, who had calmed down at this time, immediately walked into the room, stood up and bowed slightly, "Professor Bergman, it's an honor to meet you!" ”

"Haha, young man, please take a seat."

Looking John up and down, a look of satisfaction clearly flashed in Bergman's eyes, and he nodded and smiled.

I have to say that John's excellent figure and appearance in this life have given him great benefits, and the mature and stable temperament that does not match his age also adds a lot of points. After all, scientists are also human beings, and everyone likes students who look pleasing to the eye. What's more, John's economic conditions are also very good, and under the careful care of the housekeeper, he can ensure that his clothes are clean and tidy every day, and his overall image is quite pleasing.

After sitting down on the sand across from Bergman, John paused for a moment and then smiled and asked, "Professor Bergman, I wonder what you asked me to do?" ”

"Well, I wanted to talk to you."

Bergman didn't waste any time, and said straight to the point: "Yesterday, Mr. Fogel passed by my office after class and came in to talk to me about you...... I'm very interested in what you said in class, can you tell me more? ”

Really!

John knew this, a happy smile appeared on his face, and he nodded, "Of course, professor, in fact, my idea is very simple......"

In front of the real surgeons, John once again repeated what he said yesterday, but he was much more cautious in the face of professionals, and many things were described with words such as "guess" and "inference", telling in detail his understanding of surgery in this era.

To put it simply, before the mid-19th century, surgery faced three basic problems.

The first is the problem of infection, in an era when antibiotics are scarce, surgeons have no scruples about operating with extremely severe consequences, and postoperative infections have claimed countless lives.

The second is pain, without anesthetic, patients have to endure the pain into the bone marrow, the novelist Burley once described in detail that she underwent the operation to remove a breast tumor without anesthesia: "Bang, that terrible scalpel was inserted into the mammary gland, and when the veins, arteries, muscles, and nerves were cut one by one, I couldn't suppress my crying at all, and my shouting continued throughout the operation...... The pain was unbearable, and when the wound was stitched up and the instruments were removed, the pain did not lessen, as the air suddenly rushed into the wound and felt as if it were a small, pointed, bifurcated dagger, the edge of the wound of the tearer ......"

Therefore, in the 19th century, including before the surgeons, all were like butchers, and the degree of surgery could kill any top boss in the later generations. There was once a top god who could amputate a leg in 28 seconds, along with one of the patient's testicles and two of his assistant's fingers......

The last obstacle that is difficult to overcome is bleeding. In the absence of good enough hemostasis techniques, thick blood will spurt out of tissues wherever the scalpel reaches, blurring the doctors' vision and predicting the patient's death. After the amputation, the surgeons will press the wound with a red-hot iron to stop the bleeding, but in fact, the patient has already run out of blood before that, and it will bring unbearable pain just like a patient with a large gunshot wound who will be poured hot oil to stop the bleeding!

However, in the second half of the 19th century, the three major problems began to be solved.

Beginning with the poor Austrian doctor, Liszt and many other surgeons began to experiment with disinfection and sterilization techniques, so that the infection problem after surgery was alleviated in a certain way, although it was still relatively strict before the advent of antibiotics. The advent of laughing gas and harmony began to solve the problem of surgical pain, and as for bleeding, hemostats were manufactured ten years ago, and rudimentary indirect blood transfusion techniques have appeared, although many patients have died innocently because of hemolysis......

All in all, the constraints on the exhibition of surgical technology are slowly but surely moving towards resolution.

"So I think the exhibition of surgery will be bright, because disinfection and sterilization technology can greatly reduce the risk after surgery, anesthesia technology can allow doctors to think more about reducing the harm to patients after surgery, and blood transfusion technology can allow everyone to slowly try more complex and dangerous surgeries......

At this point, John's words stopped, for he saw that Professor Bergman had grown his mouth at the moment, and looked at him dumbfounded.

"Well, it's too much."

After hesitating for a moment, John said cautiously: "Professor, these things are all things that I came up with after reading some books and journals, and they may be a little immature......

"No, no, no, your idea is great!"

Before John could finish speaking, Bergman, who had slowly closed his mouth, waved his hand and exclaimed, "Does the young man know why Mr. Fogel came to talk to me about this?" Because your opinion is almost exactly the same as mine! ”

What else can John say when Bergman says this? I could only smile and say, "It's my pleasure, sir!" ”

"Young man, you should be in the second grade by now, right?"

After staring at John with a strange expression for a moment, Professor Bergman suddenly asked.

"Yes, sir."

John nodded, but immediately explained: "I was very interested in medicine when I was in the East, I studied with a physician for two years, and I read a lot of literature reports at the universities of New York and Berlin......

Without blushing, John said something unfactual.

But there is no one in China to check what happened, and John is not worried about being exposed in the future. At least Professor Bergman in front of him only had amazement and appreciation on his face at this time, and nodded again and again: "Not bad, I can think of so much just by relying on some literature reports, I have to say, young man, you are really outstanding!" ”

"Thank you for the compliment!"

John secretly breathed a sigh of relief in his heart, and hurriedly bowed down again and smiled.

After a moment's hesitation, Professor Bergman smiled and asked, "Young man, did you hear Professor Fogel say that you want to be a surgeon in the future?" ”

Immediately nodding heavily, John said, "Yes sir, it is my dream to become a surgeon, and I am working towards this dream now. ”

"Very good!"

Bergman's face showed obvious joy, patted his thigh and smiled: "I am very much looking forward to it, if you want to go to surgery in the future, I am very happy to accept you as a student!" ”

"Why not now?"

Blinking his eyes, John asked such a sentence very directly!

"Now?"

Professor Bergman suddenly laughed and said, "You're only in your second year, don't be too anxious!" ”

The professor of surgery smiled and groaned, but John's expression was very stern, and he said with a straight face: "Professor Bergmann, it seems that there is no rule that must be followed at the University of Berlin, right?" I believe I'm ready to go into the clinic myself, so why can't I learn surgical techniques from you now? ”

"What did you say?"

After hearing John's words, Professor Bergman was stunned

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