Chapter 287: Tough Reforms
It's still a problem with the army, and Suo Etu's rebellion this time makes Kangxi still have lingering palpitations. "Power comes out of the barrel of a gun" is a true truth through the ages. Although Kangxi did not say anything like that openly, this truth has always been rooted in his heart.
Although except for a few leaders of the army that followed the rebellion this time, most of the soldiers did not know what the task they were going to perform and which person they were dealing with, they only listened to Shangfeng's orders and acted on them, and they were not qualified to ask the reason. But it is precisely because of this that some shortcomings in the army have been exposed.
In Kangxi's view, the leaders of several armies dare to openly rebel when they are together, and if the generals who lead the troops in the whole country are united, won't he have to give up the throne. This kind of terrible consequence makes Kangxi shudder just thinking about it.
Of course, this situation is only an assumption, as long as interests, factions, positions, political opinions, and so on cannot be unified, the courtiers will never be able to reach a consensus, and this assumption will not be possible. But the danger must be nippled in the bud, this is Kangxi's purpose to maintain imperial power, since the problem has been exposed, Kangxi will never let it go.
So Kangxi took advantage of the aftermath of the rebellion to first issue an order to implement the policy of reducing troops and increasing salaries, eliminating the weak and retaining the strong, and strictly eliminating the disadvantages of replacement, and re-registering all the remaining soldiers. Those naughty and mischievous soldiers who disobey discipline are naturally mixed in and are eliminated from it. As for the old and weak who have been streamlined, the imperial court will issue them a certain amount of silver taels and land according to their military exploits and places of origin over the years, and let them go home to farm.
At this will, the army immediately boiled. In ancient times, the status of the military was very low. Although the Qing Dynasty was an improvement over the Ming Dynasty, it was for the Eight Banners. Especially in terms of the Manchurian Eight Banners, as for the green battalion composed of the Han army, there is not much change. I was able to get some money and land to go back to farming. The ordinary soldiers who were depressed in the army were of course extremely willing. And the salaries of those who stayed behind have also been raised, which is really a joy for all. It's just a bitter thing for a group of officers who eat empty sounds, and at this moment their income will be drastically reduced.
But Kangxi's shot was too opportune, and no one wanted to be involved in the rebellion, so they could only knock out their teeth and swallow it in their stomachs.
After that, Kangxi made a bigger move, he led the people of the Ministry of Officials and the Ministry of War, personally participated in and formulated a series of policies and rules and regulations.
First of all, in the classification of the services. Kangxi set a historical precedent by dividing the existing army into three categories: the army, the navy, and the firearms army. The three armed services can cooperate, but they are not subordinate to each other. In particular, he separated the musket battalion from the artillery battalion and established a new branch of the army, the Firearms Corps. And it is not divided into the scope of the army, as is customary. And the firearms army was under his direct leadership. It can be seen here that Kangxi's attitude towards firearms is to both reuse and prevent them. It is more important to be firmly in his own hands.
Kangxi personally led it, which is equivalent to the royal army, and the treatment and status are naturally not the same as other armies. It turned out that not many people were willing to join the firearms army, which suddenly became fragrant and sweet, which was gratifying to the soldiers of the newly established firearms army. I also envy the armies of other arms. Now both soldiers and generals have changed their attitudes from the past, sharpened their heads and wanted to squeeze into the firearms army. But now the firearms army is not so easy to enter. Whoever wants to enter has to go through strict examinations and selections, and those who fail to pass the door are not even willing to enter, no matter how hard the door is. Who let this be the emperor himself. People are cows!
Of course, based on these three categories, Kangxi once again subdivided and simplified. Some of the units that are unnecessary or no longer applicable to the current war situation have been abolished, and practical units such as engineers have been added.
In addition, Kangxi further clarified the main tasks of the navy - to defend the enemy's invasion from the sea independently or in coordination with the army, to defend the sovereignty of territorial waters, to safeguard maritime rights and interests, and to protect the safety and interests of passing merchant ships. China is known as a "land nation" by the West, and it is true that China has not attached importance to maritime interests since ancient times. And this time, the concept of "territorial sea sovereignty" was recorded in the legal code of the Qing Dynasty for the first time in the form of words, and what is even more commendable is that no matter what the original intention, Kangxi put forward an unprecedented protection policy for merchants. This is extremely surprising and incomprehensible to everyone.
The Qing Imperial Navy was also divided into three fleets by Kangxi according to geography: the North Sea, the East China Sea, and the South China Sea.
Second, Kangxi clarified the functions and terms of reference of the military.
Since the establishment of the Qing Dynasty, except for some minor changes, the imperial court has always followed the systems and regulations of the Ming Dynasty. For example, the "Laws of the Qing Dynasty" is just a change of name, but in fact, the content is still the original "Laws of the Ming Dynasty", and not even a word has been changed. The same is true in other respects, even the unique Eight Banners system of the Manchus is in many places based on the military system of the Ming Dynasty. Now this situation has changed here in Kangxi. In order to better balance and control the army, Kangxi divided the military department into three major departments with functions and powers: the General Staff Department, the General Training Department, and the General Logistics Department. The main function is to undertake defensive combat missions, and when necessary, it can assist in maintaining social order in accordance with the provisions of the laws and regulations of the Qing Dynasty.
Such a system is already very close to the modern military system.
The General Training Department is mainly responsible for training the troops, continuously improving the combat effectiveness of the troops, and ensuring the fulfillment of operations and other tasks.
The main tasks of the General Staff Headquarters are to carry out the orders and instructions of the Supreme Commander and the Ministry of Arms, collect and provide intelligence, draw up and organize the implementation of strategic campaign plans, and command and coordinate the combat operations of all branches and armies.
The General Logistics Department is responsible for leading and managing the army's logistics affairs and organizing and implementing the army's logistics support. Quartermasters, military doctors, ordnance, transportation, army finance, barracks construction, etc., are all under its jurisdiction.
Through the civil and military competitions, Kangxi screened a group of high-quality elite soldiers, military generals, and civilian personnel across the country, and enriched them into these three departments according to the areas they were good at.
In addition, the Green Battalion, which is large in number, but does not undertake the main combat mission. After screening, Kangxi also made adjustments, and they are now responsible for carrying out patrols and guards in cities or specific areas, and dealing with emergencies, riots and riots. In the event of a serious disaster, participate in tasks such as emergency rescue and disaster relief and transportation of soldiers to front-line troops.
It also stipulates that all generals of all armies are rotated every three years.
During this period, Kangxi solicited opinions from many sources, referred to the military system of the past and present, and asked Nan Huairen and other missionaries about the military system of the West in detail.
The three parties coordinated with each other and were relatively independent, and the ultimate power was controlled by the emperor, so as to prevent the possibility of rebellion to the greatest extent.
In order to prevent the situation of "soldiers do not know the generals, and the generals do not know the soldiers", Kangxi also organized manpower to formulate a detailed training program for each branch of the army, and stipulated that the above methods and steps should be strictly followed. Moreover, Kangxi also requires each region to compete once a year, and the national competition once a year in three years. Excellent groups and individuals will be promoted and rewarded. In other words, from now on, the way for soldiers and military attaches to be promoted is no longer limited to military merit.
Such a series of huge changes will undoubtedly have a huge impact on the court. And every time a new system is introduced, it is understandable that it will cause controversy, and this time will not be an exception. There are those who are in favor of it, and there are naturally those who are against.
When it comes to personal interests, almost all military attaches support this series of policies. The interests of military attachés have expanded, and in the eyes of civilian officials, their interests are bound to be harmed. These people are naturally unwilling, and since the beginning of the Shaoxing Party ban in the Song Dynasty, the civil officials and military generals in the Chinese officialdom have become two hostile forces, they tear each other down, dump each other, except for a period of time at the beginning of the founding of the country, there is rarely cooperation. This has to be said to be a kind of sadness in China.
Of course, no civilian official wants to see the military generals become bigger, and the civilian officials are so angry that they are dead. I didn't expect a rebellion to cause so many things. And that's the fault of Suo Etu's gang, and it's none of their business, they are honest and obedient, why should they only give benefits to those rude Qiuba?
Several old Hanlin were sick with anger because of this. Therefore, there was a lot of opposition in the court, and there was even a trick of risking death to admonish.
But it is related to the reform of the army, and Kangxi cannot tolerate others to put his beak in his beak. With his current strength and authority, these people can't stop Kangxi's decision, and Kangxi has now used public opinion propaganda perfectly, and he used the newspaper to occupy the dominant position of public opinion in the first time. After some necessary compromises, a few people who took the lead in opposing it were ruthlessly rectified. These policies were promulgated by Kangxi in accordance with all his will, and with the efforts of a group of military attachés, they were successfully implemented.
But even so, Kangxi was not satisfied, and he issued a separate newspaper in the army, which was specially used to promote the idea of loyalty to the monarch. In order to solve the problem of the illiteracy of the majority of soldiers, Kangxi ordered the generals of all units to organize special personnel to read newspapers to the soldiers every day.
By the time Kangxi straightened out all the work and the troops were on the right track, more than half a year had passed, and the time had entered the beginning of April in the thirtieth year of Kangxi (1691 AD).
Kangxi, a guy who is not willing to be lonely, hasn't rested for a few days, and suddenly decided to patrol Mongolia again.
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