Chapter 241: Capital and Power (1)
The unexpected "rapprochement" between China and Britain was caused by a tactical compromise made by Britain in order to avoid the loss of a rash war between China and Britain, and in a sense, it was also a sign of respect by the British for China's existing strength.
After confirming this fact, Weser felt very uncomfortable, and for the country of Britain, Weeser did have a great plan to get rid of it as soon as possible. But the diplomatic wisdom of the British is indeed extraordinary, the Spanish armada in history was destroyed, the once invincible emperor Napoleon was destroyed, the Austro-Hungarian Empire was destroyed, the German emperor was destroyed, and the Russian imperial family was killed, but the British royal family was still alive and well into the 21st century. In its attitude towards China, Britain has always been able to make the most of its interests. This kind of ability is not comparable to that of ordinary countries.
Moreover, in this time and space, China and Britain have only fought two battles, and the British have not burned the city of Beijing. Now China and Britain are enemies, but they are not undying enemies. Weser may have the courage to slinging the whole world, but Weser didn't have the courage to unleash the demon of extreme racism. Since he wanted to maintain this minimum of rationality, Weeser found that he could not really treat the British as well.
Of course, compromises between two large countries are generally paid for by smaller countries. The Dutch East Indies were the target of this payment. Since China was eager for the land and resources of the Dutch East Indies, the British were also happy to establish a new Dutch East Indies order. Between July and August 1868, the British, Chinese, and Dutch East Indies signed the original text of the Dutch East India Investment Agreement in Singapore. Historically, Borneo belonged to the Dutch East Indies, and now Borneo is completely in Chinese hands. In the Dutch East Indies, such as Sumatra, Java, Sulawesi, the Maguru Islands, and New Guinea, China can apply to the Dutch East India authorities for land leases, plantations, and minerals.
Because of the pressure from the British, the representative of the Dutch East India authorities was not friendly, and he said very unhappily: "Chinese personnel to the Dutch East Indies have no political power, and must abide by the local laws. After saying this, the Dutch delegate continued, somewhat discouraged: "But the Dutch East Indies Government has an obligation to protect their rightful rights. ”
Of course, Britain will not let the Chinese in the Dutch East Indies be the main anti-guest, and they will also not allow the Dutch East Indies authorities to kill the Chinese. Such killings would certainly give China an excellent excuse to declare war on the Netherlands. If you want to maintain balance, these are all necessary tasks.
Although it was not possible to turn the Dutch East Indies into Chinese territory, China's minimum conditions were barely met after the signing of the Dutch East India Investment Agreement. Expansion in the south was temporarily halted, and good relations with the British were maintained.
According to Zuo Zhidan's words, "This diplomatic victory is a surrender without a fight." ”
Wei Ze knew that Zuo Zhidan wanted to get such a high evaluation, otherwise the Ministry of Foreign Affairs would be too unmeritorious. The comrades in the country were also very satisfied with this, and the provinces had recently visited Borneo to inspect the local situation, and there was a dispute over the division of land for the plantations. With land development rights in the Dutch East Indies, China could build more plantations from the Dutch East Indies. The huge population pressure in the country has also been relieved.
In the past decade or so, the population contradiction between Guangzhou, Fujian and other places has been greatly alleviated due to urbanization and immigration in Borneo. The Yangtze River basin has been slaughtered like a mountain of corpses, and the population pressure has also been greatly eased. The northwest region was swept away by the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom, and it is said that nearly 20 million people were wiped out by one guy. After Hebei cleared out millions of Manchurians, the land contradiction was also greatly eased. Among the remaining populous provinces, the populations of Henan and Shandong can be fully resolved by the operation to recover the outside of the customs in the near future.
In the next decade, the population issue will not pose a major pressure for the time being. Ten years from now, a fledgling China will be able to pay the bill for the surrounding regions through war. This qiē looks so good. The immediate priority now is the smooth implementation of the first five-year plan.
For the naval industry, Weeser finally came up with a capital ship design in 1874. The basic number jù is a copy of the number jù of the two warships of Dingyuan and Zhenyuan.
Pure steam power, power supply for the whole ship. 6,000 horsepower, four-blade twin propellers, two triple engines, 8 boilers, a maximum speed of 16.5 knots, and a range of 6,000 nautical miles at 10 knots.
Displacement 6500 tons, riveted all-metal hull, 280 mm all-waterline cold-forged mild steel armor belt, centerline layout, 3 fully enclosed turrets with 305 twin guns, two fully enclosed twin 150 gun turrets, a number of other auxiliary gun emplacements.
In Wei Ze's point of view, there are huge flaws in the design of the Dingyuan and Zhenyuan ships, and the German engineers who do not understand the design of the ship at all copied the design of the British 1879 Intrepid, which is still not fully understood. Therefore, the whole warship is hugely wasteful and impractical.
At the current level of design in China, this design is also a transitional design of the pre-dreadnought. Whether the construction would be completed in 1874, Weeser was not really confident. But the warship, which had been launched no later than 1876, was the world's best design to rival the British Navy.
More importantly, the design ideas of warships all over the world are now a period of exploration, and everyone has taken countless detours. For example, the British are still ordering sail-steam hybrid warships, and U.S. Navy captains who want to drive purely steam-powered warships have to pay for fuel coal out of their own pockets. Of course, in the early stage, the United States will really build purely steam-powered warships for the US Navy. At this time, the U.S. Navy top brass said, "If you have a mast, why can't you hang the sails?" ”
And the British in 1879 Dreadnought really used the triple steam engine, which was the real basis of the British's later naval design, and the title of dreadnought actually came from this.
Wei Ze firmly believes that as long as there is no chaos. China probably didn't have until 1890 when it had a computing bench, or even an early tube computer, to develop a true dreadnought-class battleship. Of course, when the whole world went to develop Dreadnought-class battleships, China had already begun the era of aircraft carriers. Of course, Wei Ze could not believe that he would really live to see the grand occasion of China's aircraft carrier formation cruising in the world's oceans.
This is just an important system construction in heavy industry, a warship needs a large number of factories to produce parts for the construction of warships, a large number of factories to produce "parts for the construction of the 'factory for the construction of warship parts'", and a large number of factories for the production of "parts for the construction of the 'factory for the construction of warship parts'". It's not just a factory, it's a system.
Therefore, the final result of the development of large industry is to use standard parts as much as possible, which undoubtedly requires hundreds of years of accumulation. Wei Ze can point out the direction summed up after hundreds of years of accumulation, but none of the necessary processes in the middle are missing.
In addition to the warships, what remains is the railway system. In addition, Weeser is looking forward to the development of materials science, which can produce high-temperature and high-pressure steel for the manufacture of ammonia reactors. With the technology to produce high-temperature and high-pressure cannon steel, it is possible to manufacture synthetic ammonia reactors. With synthetic ammonia, China will be able to get out of the food crisis that has always loomed over China.
In addition to heavy industry and military industry, social convenience is to deepen land reform in an all-round way and build a rural water conservancy system. This is not simply a matter of building a reservoir, but also involves a comprehensive issue of soil and water conservation. The construction of reservoirs in New China has indeed played a huge role, but there are problems in the supporting system of reservoirs, which have led to problems such as the silting up of reservoirs. Due to the rise of pumping machines to extract groundwater, a large number of reservoirs and water conservancy projects were later abandoned. Weeser does not want this waste to reappear in China.
Thinking of this, Wei Ze felt that Zuo Zhidan was really not progressive enough, and when he succeeded Hong Renji as foreign minister, he was still quite an advanced and revolutionary young comrade. How is it that in less than ten years, he has become a complete bureaucrat?
What is needed now is talent, science and technology, engineering, management, administration, and a large number of qualified industrial workers. Knowing that he was in a hurry to achieve success now, Wei Ze still couldn't help but want to pull out the seedlings to help him. Social progress is never a linear process, with twists and turns and repetitions. The first thing that comes out of a changing society is inevitably inadaptability. Wei Ze knew this, but Wei Ze still couldn't help but want to do his best to promote faster progress in society, even if this progress was actually ahead of the times.
It's not just Wei Ze alone who feels uncomfortable, or even just the Chinese led by Wei Ze. In the UK, the discomfort created by this butterfly effect is also growing.
British newspapers need news, and some news in Parliament is an important source of news. The changes in China introduced in the British Parliament have shaken British society, and more reports about China have increased. The First Five-Year Plan is an open plan, and most of the things, including the theory of the First Five-Year Plan, are to be known to Chinese society, except for internal secrets.
It must be admitted that the Chinese people's understanding of the First Five-Year Plan is actually far inferior to that of the British. Of course, the British ruling class scoffs at this, and in capitalist countries it is necessary to be politically correct. The fact that the state has stepped in to spend so much force on the management of society as a whole is that it touches the interests of the bourgeoisie. In fact, this practice may not make the bourgeoisie bleed, but the state power that is strong enough to control the grassroots level is itself a great threat to the bourgeoisie. They have to instinctively oppose it. Even a group of so-called British reformists have vigorously criticized China's land state ownership system.
And some people, such as Uncle Ma, his shock can be described in one sentence, "Can my theory be practiced like this?" ”