"Yes, but there is not a lot of panda blood, if the boss really plans to prepare, it is better to know how hemolytic disease is born first, so that he can be prepared." Chen Rong said.

Neonatal hemolytic anemia is an allergic blood disease caused by the incompatibility of maternal and fetal blood types, the lifespan of human red blood cells is about 12o days, when the senescent red blood cells will be destroyed in the body and replaced by fresh red blood cells produced by the bone marrow.

When the life span of red blood cells is shortened, the destruction is added, and the bone marrow is too late to replenish, hemolytic anemia will be generated, and when the antigen and antibody reaction is generated between the newborn and the mother due to the incompatibility of blood group, the red blood cells will be destroyed and added, and neonatal hemolytic anemia will be born, which is most common in the case of incompatibility between the newborn and the maternal Rh blood group.

When the paternal blood group is Rh-positive and the mother is Rh-negative, the Rh antigen inherited from the father will stimulate the mother's production of anti-RH antibodies.

This antibody enters the fetus through the placenta and reacts with the red blood cell Rh antigen and antigen antibody of the fetus, leading to the destruction of the latter, so this will only occur when the father's blood group is Rh positive and the mother's blood group is Rh negative.

Rh-negative mothers produce anti-RH antibodies that require stimulation from Rh-positive fetal red blood cells, which enter the mother's body mainly through the destroyed placental barrier during delivery.

So the first parity is often unaffected, and the subsequent parity, the impact will become more and more severe, in a few cases. Rh-negative mothers who have received a transfusion of Rh-positive blood have anti-RH antibodies in their bodies, so that the first child can be affected.

Neonatal hemolytic anemia is not limited to the case of rh blood group incompatibility, as long as there is any blood type incompatibility, there is a possibility of neonatal hemolytic anemia.

So, theoretically, wave A incompatibility can also cause hemolytic anemia in neonates, but this is rare because of the large molecules of anti-A and anti-B antibodies. Generally, it is not easy to enter the fetus through the placenta.

What's more, because antigens A and B are not only present in red blood cells. They are also present in various tissues and body fluids, so antibodies from the mother may be neutralized by antibodies widely stored in tissues and body fluids before they reach the fetal red blood cells, so that the fetal red blood cells are protected.

There are many Rh-positive blood types in our country. There are very few negative ones. Therefore, the birth rate of neonatal hemolytic disease is also low. In European and American countries, its birth rate can be as high as 1/2oo.

There are 6 antigens in the RH blood group (C, C; d、d； e, e), where the D antigen was the earliest and the most antigenic. Clinically, all those with D antigen are called Rh positive, and vice versa, most of the Han people in China are Rh positive, and % are Rh negative.

The clinical differences in wave A hemolysis are very large, rh hemolysis is often stricter than that of wave A hemolysis, and in patients with anemia rh hemolysis, anemia generally appears earlier and more severely; Anemia is rare in patients with wave A hemolysis and usually does not appear until the late neonatal period. Severe anemia predisposes to anemia heart failure.

The treatment of neonatal hemolytic anemia is mainly divided into two aspects, one is to use drugs or irradiation and other methods to inhibit the hemolytic process and change the structure of bilirubin, so that it is excreted from the urine or prevent it from binding with nerve tissue, so as to protect the function of the nervous system.

The second is to use Rh-negative male blood for continuous exchange transfusion to exchange Rh antibodies and bilirubin in the fetus, for severe cases, most of the drug treatment is not effective, and repeated exchange transfusions are required, which will be a huge burden for families. ”

After introducing hemolysis, Han Peacock also knew his misunderstanding, and he thought that his daughter had become a rare giant panda!

But as soon as Chen Rong said this, Han Peacock knew that this Rh negative blood type is not so scarce at all, it sounds like very little, % is Rh negative blood, but it can't stand the large population in China! Even if there are 34 out of 10,000 people, how many people are there in the country's 1.3 billion people?

Definitely more than 100,000! Of course, the proportion is a little less, 100,000 is very small compared to 1.3 billion, but no matter how small it is, there are more than 100,000 people.

Han Peacock breathed a sigh of relief and said, "It's not uncommon to say that rh negative blood type is not uncommon, so I'm relieved." ”

Chen Rong smiled and said: "That's true, but I heard that the boss has Xiongnu blood?" ”

Han Peacock nodded: "Yes, but it has been fused for thousands of years, and the Hun bloodline has long been thinned and negligible." ”

Chen Rong said: "Children born in ethnic minorities have a high probability of rare blood types, and I hope your daughter will not inherit that negligible chance." ”

"Originally, I thought that the Rh-negative blood type was a rare blood type, but now that I hear you say this, the Rh-negative blood type is not rare, so it's no problem at all." Han Peacock said with a smile.

Chen Rong smiled and said, "What is a rare blood type?" A rare blood group is a rare or rare blood group that is not only present in the A-wave blood group system, but also in the rare blood group system.

The current rare blood types have been established separately, such as rh, mnssu, p, ke11, kidd, deigo, 1eis, duffy, and a series of other rare blood type systems.

There is also a rare blood group system called the Bombay type, in which the red blood cells do not have A, B, and H antigens, but there are three antibodies in the serum: Zàia, B, and anti-H.

In the rare blood group system, except for the Rh blood group system, the number of other blood groups accounts for a very small proportion of the total population, so they are far less important in actual clinical practice than the A and Rh blood group system, but in terms of specificity, if the blood is not used properly, some antibodies can still have fatal consequences.

As for the rh blood type, Rh is the first two letters of the foreign name of the rhesus macaque, and when Landsteiner and other scientists made animal realizations in 194o, the antigenic substance of the Zàirh blood group is stored on the red blood cells in the rhesus macaque and most human bodies, so it is named.

Rh antigen (also known as D antigen) is found on red blood cells in human blood. It is called Rh-negative, so that people with the four main blood types of red blood cells A, B, O and AB are divided into two types: Rh-positive and negative.

With the continuous research on Rh blood group, it is believed that the Rh blood group system may be the most complex blood group line in the red blood cell blood group, and the emergence of Rh blood group plays a very important role in guiding blood transfusion work more scientifically, and further improving the diagnosis of neonatal hemolysis and maintaining maternal and infant health.

According to relevant information, individual ethnic minorities are about 9o%. Among some peoples abroad. About 85% of people with Rh-positive blood type, of which in Europe and the United States, people with Rh-negative blood type account for about 15%, and the boss is of Xiongnu blood. There is a high chance of developing an Rh-negative blood group.

Rh blood group is one of the most complex blood group systems after wave A blood group. If the transfusion is not compatible, it can be life-threatening for the patient. Pregnancies with incompatible maternal and child Rh blood groups may result in birth and death, preterm birth, and neonatal hemolysis. ”

"Dr. Chen, the results are out." That's when it happened. Someone came to report.

Han Peacock's and Chen Rong's realization all fell on this researcher, and seeing the researcher's stern expression, Han Peacock said, "Is it really an RH negative blood type?" ”

Chen Rong said at the same time: "It won't be the AB type of the Rh negative blood type, right?" This should be the minimal. ”

The researcher said, "No, we're repeating it, if it's correct, it's a Bombay bloodline." ”

"Mumbai-type?" Han Peacock and Chen Rong all screamed in surprise.

Han Peacock has a strong memory, and just now Chen Rong introduced the Bombay type of blood, but he knew that the Bombay type was even rarer than the Rh negative blood type.

Chen Rong was a little nervous at this time, so she said directly to Han Peacock: "The rarest blood type in the world is the Mumbai blood type, which appeared in 1961 in a nurse in the Czech Republic, and now there are only a few in the world. ”

"Is it really that little?" Han Peacock also began to have a headache at this time.

And there are people who have a headache than him, Huang Shan, who heard their conversation at this time, did not need to tell Han Peacock, and had already begun to cast a net to find people with Bombay blood type, but Huang Shan, who soon fed back the news, became nervous.

In the rare blood group system, the number of people in all blood groups, except for the Rh blood group, is a very small proportion of the total population.

The Bombay blood group is very rare in all parts of the world, about 1 in 10,000 in India, about 1 in 1 million in Europe, and in some isolated areas, in French Réunion, where the rate of H antigen deficient individuals is as high as about 1 in 1,000.

The Mumbai blood type is extremely rare in our country, and people with this blood type account for only one in a hundred thousand in the country, and only about 3o cases have been reported in the country.

Bombay blood type is extremely rare among Chinese, because there are no a, b, h antigens on red blood cells, in addition to anti-a and anti-b antibodies in the serum, there are also anti-h antibodies, and a or b antigens can be found in saliva.

It is said that there are only 3o people with this blood type in the country, 3 people in Shenzhen, only 1 person in Yangcheng, and a few people in other provinces. On May 27, 2o11, a brother and sister again appeared in the mountain province as Bombay blood, so there are now 3 people in the mountain province.

"Even if there are not as few reports, it is not much worse, and the most important thing is that people with this blood type do not know that they are of this blood type, and many of them are treated as ordinary blood types after accidents, and there are accidents." Chen Rong said solemnly.

"What then?" Han Peacock was a little at a loss, it was the first time he was so powerless.

Chen Rong said: "Boss, don't worry, there are not many in my country, there are still relatively many in Africa, the reason why it is called Mumbai blood type is because the blood type is present in Mumbai, so there should be a lot of people with this blood type in Mumbai, this blood type is in China, a large part of it is distributed in Tibetan Province and Yunnan Province among the ethnic minorities, if you really look for it, you can still find a lot." ”

Han Peacock said: "Have you determined what specific blood type it is?" ”

The researcher said, "Bombay blood type A. (To be continued......)

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