PS: Today's mother-in-law's birthday, I went over first and sent it in advance.

After the founding of Soviet Russia, for a period of time, it was the White Terror.

It is hard to imagine that the feudal society that you see on TV will appear in a modern superpower, but the Russians did it.

The origin was that when Stalin came to power, he himself was ranked low in the party and the army, and he had to try his best to be too high.

After the liberation of China, the portraits posted by every household include Marx, Engels, Lenin, Stalin, and Taizu.

Marx and Engels, they deserve this honor, after all, it was these two brothers who proposed communism.

As for Vladimir? Ilyich? Lenin, with the theories of the first two, established the largest state in the world, and his position in the Comintern is beyond reproach.

Joseph? Stalin, what is he? Self-proclaimed close comrade-in-arms of Comrade Lenin.

Nima, who wasn't even a stationmate at the time, was standing together with a large number of people, and his position was on the very edge.

History is written by the victors.

At a time when most of the world knew that Stalin was a tyrant and that his decades of rule were tyranny, we Chinese were still kept in the dark and still called him the "great revolutionary teacher."

In 1963, the People's Daily and Red Flag magazines began to publish the "Open Letter on the Central Committee of the CPSU", which is known as the "Nine Commentaries".

The "Second Commentary" "On the Stalin Question" says this:

"The history of the first socialist state, which began with the October Revolution, is now only forty-six years. Stalin as the main leader of this country. Nearly thirty years. ”

"Stalin's life's activities, both in terms of the history of the dictatorship of the proletariat and in the history of the international communist movement. all occupy an extremely important position. ”

"Stalin's life was the life of a great Marxist-Leninist, the life of a great proletarian revolutionary."

Most Chinese believed this assessment then and for many years to come.

Since the "Second Commentary" was directed at Khrushchev, the confrontation between Soviet and Russian-speaking China under his rule was, of course, also necessary to talk about Khrushchev's "secret report" on Stalin at the 20th Congress of the CPSU.

However, the "second commentary" is basically to set up Stalin's evaluation of merits, and the reluctance to mention "mistakes" is also to justify it.

"Stalin. As a great Marxist-Leninist and proletarian revolutionary, while he made meritorious contributions to the people of Soviet Russia and the international communist movement, he did make some mistakes. ”

"Stalin's mistake. Some are mistakes of principle, some are mistakes in specific work; Some are avoidable mistakes, some are unavoidable mistakes in the absence of precedent for the dictatorship of the proletariat. ”

The vast majority of Chinese have no possibility of reading Khrushchev's "secret report," let alone the truth of history.

Therefore, we can only believe what the People's Daily and Red Flag Magazine say. Some mistakes are "hard to avoid".

Until the era of reform and opening up. We're starting to learn the truth.

In 1983, the first Chinese translation of Solzhenitsyn's masterpiece The Gulag Archipelago was released, and I was struck by the huge number of unnatural deaths in the Stalin era.

At the same time, it is also believed that Solzhenitsyn said that the Soviet Russian authorities will never publish the exact number of unnatural deaths.

Solzhenitsyn wrote this many years ago:

"What jurist, what criminal historian, can give us verified statistics about these executions? Where's this special archive?"

"How nice it would be if we could dive in and read the numbers. These figures do not exist now and will not exist in the future. ”

Who would have thought that in another time and space, in 1991, Soviet Russia collapsed, and in an instant, it was like a building.

In this time and space, due to the advance of China's reform and opening up, the pace and intensity increased, causing panic among those in power in Soviet Russia. It doesn't matter if it's a conservative or a radical.

Wushan firmly believed that Soviet Russia would definitely disintegrate. This time may be earlier.

Otherwise, they would not have rushed to Soviet Russia in 1989, just to take advantage of their disintegration to seek the greatest interests for China, and to get a piece of the pie militarily and politically.

The complete collapse of a regime or system in a country has made it possible for the people of the world to know the truth about the history of this regime.

Second? Buddhist nun? Yakovlev's A Cup of Bitter Wine: Bolshevism and the Reform Movement in Russia was translated and published in China.

"In this century alone (the 20th century), more than 60 million people died in Russia as a result of war, hunger and repression," the book reads. ”

He also wrote: "In 1954, the Minister of the Interior, C. Kruglov, reported to Khrushchev that the number of people suppressed between 1930 and 1953 was about 3.7 million, of whom 765,000 were executed. ”

Because Yakovlev was a member of the Political Bureau of the Central Committee of the CPSU during the Gore era and a special adviser to the President of Soviet Russia.

He was the chairman of the Committee for the Rehabilitation of Victims of Political Repression during both the Gorbachev and Yeltsin periods, so the figures he provided were reliable, not official, but at least semi-official.

After the collapse of Soviet Russia, the historical archives of Soviet Russia were declassified and made public, and the scenes behind the Iron Curtain were increasingly revealed, and these archives attracted researchers and people from all over the world who paid attention to these histories.

Selected Historical Archives of Soviet Russia was published in 34 volumes in China.

Among them, topics such as "On the Great Purge of Soviet Russia" and "On the Rehabilitation of Historical Cases" both refer to political persecution and unnatural deaths in the Stalin era.

In particular, in volume 30, the "Brief Report of the Committee for the Review of the Great Crackdown of the Political Bureau of the Central Committee of the CPSU" contains official figures of those who were suppressed.

The report reads: "A study of the documents of the state security organs concludes that between 1930 and 1953 there were 3778234 people who were prosecuted in criminal cases prosecuted by the General Directorate of State Security of the Council of People's Commissars of the Soviet Union, the NKVD, and the People's Commissariat for State Security-Ministry of State Security, among whom 786098 were sentenced to capital punishment. ”

"Among the people who are being repressed. 1299828 people were sentenced by law enforcement agencies, of whom 129,550 were shot and 2478406 were not sentenced by law enforcement agencies. Of these 656548 were executed. ”

On the basis of many years of research in the archives, the report publishes the fact that "according to the literature, Stalin personally supervised the repression."

"Stalin was an advocate and organizer of mass arrests and executions without court and investigation, and the deportation of thousands of people."

The report said: "The list of crimes was drawn up for the NKVD to be submitted to the Military Tribunal of the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation or to the 'special session' of the NKVD." ”

"And the 'punishment' has been predetermined. These lists were presented to Stalin himself. ”

To put it bluntly, it is to convict first and then arrest people.

The report cites for example 383 lists for the period 1937-1938. 44,000 high-ranking cadres, high-ranking military officers and economic managers were punished, of whom 39,000 were executed.

"On these lists there are handwritten instructions from Stalin and other members of the Political Bureau. Of the 383 lists, 362 were signed by Stalin. ”

"Molotov signed 373 copies, Voroshilov signed 195 copies. Kaganovich signed 191 copies, and Zhdanov signed 177 copies. ”

"And Mikoyan, Yezhov and S? Signature of Koschel. ”

"The members of the Political Affairs Bureau not only agreed to mention the suppression, but also approved the words to encourage the staff of the NKVD to further suppress them, and the names of individual people were written with the word 'killing.'"

Yakovlev also wrote in A Cup of Bitter Wine:

In addition to the more than 3.7 million that were suppressed above. "The 3.4 million people who suffered from the collectivization period and the 3.3 million minorities who were repressed should also be added. That's more than 10 million people."

Soon was still alive when the Russian archives were made public and when A Cup of Bitter Wine was published, and it is not known what he thought of these figures, whether he believed in this figure of unnatural death.

The "Brief Report of the Committee for the Review of the Large-scale Crackdown of the Political Bureau of the Central Committee of the CPSU" states: "The issue of justice now has a special political significance. ”

"Public opinion and the families and friends of the innocent victims are waiting for their full honour and permanent remembrance of them."

"The cost of commemorating the victims of the repression shall be paid by the State, and for this purpose the Council of Ministers of Soviet Russia shall be obliged to raise the necessary funds for these works."

It makes sense to draw a slight comparison between the Tsarist and Imperial Russian eras, which Lenin called "tyranny," and the Stalinist era, when "meritorious deeds were made, but also some mistakes were made."

Well, how many people were killed in the tsarist and imperial Russian eras? Look at the statistics of Russian criminal law experts cited by Mr. Solzhenitsyn in The Gulag Archipelago.

In the 30 years from 1876 to 1905, a total of 486 people were executed, that is. Nearly 17 people were executed in a year across the country.

"In the years leading up to the First Revolution and its repression, the number of executions rose dramatically. Shocked the imagination of the Russians and brought Tolstoy to tears. ”

"To the indignation of Korolenko and many others: from 1905 to 1908 nearly 2,200 people were executed, 45 a month!."

Compared to the former, the number of people sentenced to death in the countries under Stalin from 1930 to 1953 was more than 1,600 times greater than in the 30 years of the Tsar.

Compared to the latter, Stalin executed 60 times as many people each month as in the most brutal years of Imperial Russia.

This is what "On the Question of Stalin" says about such tyranny and crimes, which are extremely rare in the history of mankind.

"In the struggle within and outside the party, he sometimes confused the contradictions of the enemy and the contradictions among the people and the contradictions among the people, two contradictions of different natures and different methods for dealing with these two types of contradictions."

"The work of purging the counter-revolution under his leadership has correctly punished many counter-revolutionaries who must be punished, but he has also wrongly judged some good people."

"In 1937 and 1938, there was a mistake in the expansion of the purge and rebellion."

"He has not fully practiced or partially violated the democratic centralism of the proletariat in the party and state organizations."

"He also made some mistakes in handling relations between fraternal parties and fraternal countries."

"In the international communist movement, he also had some wrong ideas. These mistakes caused some losses to Soviet Russia and the international communist movement. ”

"The merits and mistakes of Stalin's life are the objective existence of history. Stalin's merits were too great to be compared to his mistakes. ”

"His main aspects are right, and his mistakes are secondary."

"Every upright communist who respects history will certainly see the main aspects of Stalin first when summing up all of Stalin's thinking and work." “

"While correctly recognizing, criticizing, and overcoming Stalin's mistakes, it is necessary to defend the main aspects of Stalin's life and the Marxism-Leninism that he defended and developed."

To put it bluntly, this is nothing more than a fig leaf within the Soviet Russians. After all, they were also Stalin's accomplices, and to deny Stalin was to deny themselves.

After Stalin's death, Khrushchev came to power and immediately held a meeting to get Stalin's body out of the crystal coffin and burn it.

He removed Stalin's coffin from Red Square, and then liquidated Stalin at the 20th Congress of the CPSU, repudiating Stalin in its entirety.

If Khrushchev wanted to establish his authority, of course he had to attack Stalin, and besides, Stalin's purges made people panic, and he wanted to win over the people.

In this way, it is inevitable to show the sword again, after all, there are many vested interests in the Stalin period.

A country's policy changes at the moment, depending on the personal will of its leaders.

This situation has not changed much until now.

The crowd below was at a loss, believing that even a high-ranking cadre like Dadenov was worried at any time, fearing that he would be the next to be arrested.

Otherwise, Wushan would not have had the courage to persuade a country's senior officers.

No matter how powerful you are, you can't look enough in front of thermal weapons.

Because he believes that Dadenov and others are not fools, and the key to the demise of Soviet Russia is to see if the chips on his side are enough.

So Wushan thought about it for a long time, and finally had today's meeting. (To be continued......)