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Throughout the history of Cyberpunk, Prometheus has been the Cyberpuck model for the conservative Western world. Then came Quetzalcoatl, the ancient Mexican Aztec envelope, then freelancers, madmen, and even hackers in The Matrix.

D Descartes

One of the founders of modern European philosophy. The great philosopher of science Descartes tried to establish a solid methodological foundation for science, and his magnum opus, Meditations, is actually "a meditation on the first philosophy". Descartes emphasized the precision of the mind and did not trust perceptual experience, believing that only rational thinking could be reliable. He starts from doubting the existence of a thing, sweeping away his prejudices, seeking the most reliable proposition as a starting point, and then making inferences. Descartes went further into the realm of mathematics, but he found that even mathematics could not be trusted, what if there was a "vicious devil" behind it, manipulating and disturbing his mind? The surest truth, he discovered, was that he himself was suspicious; Therefore, the existence of the mind is unquestionable, while the existence of the body must be deduced. Hence the famous saying: "I think, therefore I am." (The soup spoon does not save zài)"

He believes that there are two origins of ideas, one from perceptual experience and the other from natural ideas. He placed more emphasis on the idea of the innate self, God, time, space, perfection, infinity, and the axioms of geometry were all innate only (obviously, the relentless search for existence and truth is also the innate notion of hackers).

Descartes also developed the famous sympathetic theory of mind and body, that is, the physical body and the immaterial mind can influence each other.

Remember Neo's doubts in Hackers? "What if I die there?" "When the soul dies, the body will cease to exist."

Existentialism

Now, let's say it's not Neo who gets the red pill and the blue pill. But let? Paul? Sartre, Albert? Camus, Martin? Heidegger, so how will they choose? Obviously, these three masters of existentialism will not hesitate to choose to leave the matrix and enter the real desert. Maybe it's painful there, but after all, it restores the truth of the zài.

According to Sartre, the pre-awakening Neo is just an en-soi (a self-contained being. For example, the table), after awakening, he becomes a pour-soi (specifically referring to the self-conscious existence zài, that is, a person), a "person" who can take responsibility for his own choices and existence.

Existentialism pursues absolute freedom, ultimate liberation, and free choice. Presenting alienation and absurdity, accusing/rebelling against a qiē traditional habit, only a complete conviction of the misery and meaninglessness of a qiē earthly existence. It is possible to see through a vision that rises from the ruins leading to the salvation of the kingdom. The sense of disillusionment, absurdity, hopelessness, and vanity is a process of atonement, just like the throes before the coming of the "Messiah." Whether God exists or not is not really a question, what man needs is to discover himself anew. The so-called "existence before essence" means that man first exists in the world, suffers all kinds of twists and turns in this world, and then can define himself - this is simply Neo's awakening experience.

F Fetish. Fetishism

Among the many "isms" derived from The Matrix, the traditional sexually deviant disease of fetishism has further evolved into a consumer digital fetish—especially when hypermedia replaces hypertext. When virtual reality replaces traditional space, there is also enough fun to be found in the film. Especially the infinitely fascinating bullet time: on something. Long-term/multi-angle lingering and nostalgia in a certain part or a certain action. This corresponds to Freud's concept of fetishism: the object of the fetish is not actually a commodity, but the subject's reluctance to move.

Gnosticism

The early Christian sect of thought respected a certain spiritual intuition, including West Asia. East Asian philosophy, once regarded as a cult. The Gnostic worldview is "dualistic"; There are two gods in the universe, one good and one evil. The Supreme Divine Creation zào has a series of spirits, all of which are the radiation of divinity. The universe was created by a lower "Creator." Matter is evil; For the soul to be freed from the body, a messenger must be sent to the world from the kingdom of light. Christ may be an angel. It is an apparitional spirit; It could also be a mortal, temporarily gaining higher power. To be saved, one must receive a secret ritual and receive a higher "knowledge." In terms of ethics, some people advocate penance, but there are also people who believe that physical actions do not affect salvation, so they do not prohibit affection. Desire, live and let go. Swinging life.

Hedonism

Cypher in the first episode of Hackers is the quintessential hedonist who betrays the hacker group for sensual gratification (a conversation with Agent Smith in a virtual restaurant).

As early as the time of Socrates/Epicurus, the "pleasure principle" of life was philosophically established; Happiness is something you are born with and the ultimate purpose of life. Even if a person, a group of people, deviates from this principle at a given time, either actively or passively, the goal is still the pursuit of ultimate happiness. Therefore, the pursuit of happiness and the avoidance of pain are the two major prescribed actions of life, which do not need to be taught and are self-evident. The "hedonism" that few would theoretically advocate is now taking over a large area of our lives with consumerism. Combined with the emergence of new scientific and technological achievements, technological pleasures even the current trend of consumer culture.

In fact, the Internet that we immerse ourselves in every day is not the steak of Cypher's dreams?

I Perfect Forms (Ideal-Forms/Allegory of the Cave)

In Plato's view, the Ideal Forms are the highest level of reality. Empirical reality is the least reliable.

Regarding the perfect image (ideal form), Plato has a famous "cave" allegory. In this allegory, Plato has a famous "cave" allegory. In this parable, Plato assumes that a group of people "dwelt in a cave with a long passage leading to the outside, which was as wide as the inside of the cave." They have been here since childhood. Both legs and neck are locked, so they are in the same place. Because you can't turn back because you're locked, you can only see what you're looking at. Some distance away from them, there was a fire burning. Between the fire and the prisoner, there is a road higher than both, along which a low wall is built. It's like the curtain that hangs horizontally in front of a puppet show." Outside, the people who walked along the wall "carried all sorts of tools that rose above the wall, statues of animals or people made of wood, stone, and all kinds of materials, and the people who carried them were either talking and some were silent." "Since they (cavemen) are unable to move or turn back for the rest of their lives, the shadow cast before them by the outside world becomes the only reality they can see. When people passing by talk, the people in the cave mistake the sound for the shadow moving in front of them. "The captives are completely deprived of any possibility of freedom, and they can only face the empty stone walls. The shadow on the wall is the only world they can have, and the function of this fantasy makes them no longer capable of pointing to reality.

And the human battery living in the matrix is actually a future version of the cave allegory. Further, the audience watching "The Matrix" itself is not yet another group of prisoners in a cave?

J Christ (Jesus)

The implication couldn't be more obvious. First of all, Neo's name is a reversal of the English One (savior), and it also means "new". He is awakened in the "machine qì pod" of the matrix, in the Nebuchadnezzar (from the Bible. Nebuganezzar II, king of ancient Babylon, had captured Jerusalem and built the Hanging Gardens) was baptized on board. In the first episode, Neo dies and is then killed by Trinity; Holy Father. The Son, the Holy Spirit, the Trinity) awakened with a kiss. Messianic symbolism of the restored Savior pervades the film.

Kant

In fact, this prefix should be given 'KungFu' - Chinese kung fu

If the choice of red and blue pills were to be made in the same way, Kant's starting point would be different from that of the existing zài-ist giants - not to enter the real desert, but to make a moral choice, to pursue the "highest-good" (the-highest-good).

Kant's theory of self-consciousness is the most influential theory in the history of European thought. It irreversibly defined the path of development of European thought: it was above all the impetus for the establishment of the system of idealist thinkers such as Fichte, Schelling, and Hegel. In his critical system, there is a magnificent principle of subjectivity, that is, the agency of the subject is the fundamental condition for the formation of scientific epistemology. He advocated the philosophical method of analysis and criticism, discerned knowledge and belief, advocated a free and self-disciplined moral conscience, and promoted the ideal of a harmonious world. The most revealing of his writings is the Critique of Pure Theory, in which Kant places the need for the existence of God in the realm of morality, that is, although we cannot prove that God exists, this "supreme goodness" is the basis of a moral ethics. This roundabout self-affirmation is somewhat akin to Morpheus's insistent belief that Neo must be the savior, otherwise a qiē would be meaningless.

Famous saying: "Each individual experience is but a part of the whole range within the field of experience; And the absolute totality of all possible experiences is not an experience in itself. ”

L Lacan

Jacques? Lacan is the most important philosopher in France since Descartes, and in Europe he is also the most creative and influential thinker since Nietzsche and Freud.

In examining the form of subjectivity, Lacan developed the famous theory of the "mirror stage". According to Lacan, children between the ages of six and eighteen use their identity as reflected in the mirror to identify themselves. This allowed him to gradually get rid of his "fragmented body" and gain the basic unity of his identity. Before the mirror stage, the child sees his body as a pile of broken objects, and he even harbors fear of this incomplete body. At this time, the child is unable to perceive the integrity of the body through self-perception - such as the sense of time, space, movement, etc., and only the external mirror image of himself can provide a structural whole for the subject. Of course, in many cases, what Lacan calls a mirror image is merely a symbolic object – a symbol that is external to the subject and at the same time gives the subject a position.

The meaning of the "mirror stage" is to clearly define the self. Please refer to the scene in the first episode of the hacker where Neo reaches out and touches the mirror and sticks the metal liquid (he sees his twisted and deformed self in the mirror), and in the second episode, Agent Smith finally breaks free from the control of the matrix and becomes a truly independent individual, which is also the role of the "mirror stage".

M Mark. Marx

Perhaps, in "Hacker 2", Morpheus (English name is the god of sleep in Greek mythology. Take charge of dreams and use drinking different water to distinguish dreams from reality. It's similar to the red and blue pills in the movie) should refer to Mark. Si's "Total. Give birth. Party. Declare. "The history of a society up to now is a history of class struggle. Freemen and slaves, nobles and commoners, lords and serfs, guild masters and helpers, in a word, oppressors and oppressed, always in opposition to each other, carry on a constant struggle. Sometimes hidden and sometimes overtly struggled, and each struggle ended in the revolutionary transformation of the whole society or the destruction of all the classes that were fighting. In all historical epochs of the past, we can see almost everywhere that society is completely divided into different hierarchies, and we see that social status is divided into various levels. In ancient Rome, there were nobles, knights, commoners, slaves, and in the Middle Ages, there were feudal lords, courtiers, guild masters, helpers, serfs, and there were special classes within almost every class. The modern bourgeois society, which emerged from the demise of feudal society, did not eliminate class antagonism, but only replaced the old with new classes, new conditions of oppression, and new forms of struggle.

And in modern times. Then there is the Matrix and the human battery. Our time, the Matrix age, has one characteristic: it simplifies class antagonisms. Society is increasingly divided into two opposing camps: the Matrix and the Human Champions. The human rebels of Zion, the guardians of freedom on Earth, the main force of the revolution, and the ghosts who subvert the hierarchical order of the matrix.

Neuromancer

Beginning in 1984, Willian Gibson, an obscure American writer, published three novels in a row that were quite eerie in content, with coherent scenes and plots. These three works are "Neuromancer" (1984), "Counting Zero" (1986) and "Mona? Lisa Overdrive, 1988. These three works suddenly set off huge waves in the long-silent science fiction world. Gibson's three novels are sometimes referred to as the "Matrix Trilogy" and sometimes as the "Cartoon Trilogy". This is a very peculiar set of works from conception to style. The story tells the story of a group of "computer cowboys" who connect themselves to the computer network and abandon their bodies to go on a fantastic adventure in Cyberspace. The world in the novel is cold and dark. Both the economy and political life were controlled by a large Japanese-style monopoly consortium, and the concept of the corporation replaced the concept of the state. Only by obeying the company and swearing allegiance can you get the security of life, and if you do not obey a company and want to leave it, it means that you have betrayed. The book "Neuromancer" not only coined the words "cyberspace" and "virtualreality". It also sparked a wave of cyberpunk (cyberpunk), which violently impacted mainstream culture.

It is also worth mentioning the American mathematician Nobert Wiener, in chapter 5 of his book The Usefulness of Man, in which he argues in detail the idea that organisms are news. Although Wiener himself thinks that this chapter is a bit like "science fiction", he still thinks. The line between physical delivery and messaging is not always insurmountable. He argues that organisms, including people, are patterns, and these patterns are messages, messages that can be transmitted.

O Oracle

In the city of Delphi, near Mount Parnassus in central Greece, lies the famous temple of Apollo, the seat of the prophet Apollo. It dates back to at least the 17th century AD, and the entrance to the temple reads "Know thyself". In The Matrix, the same prophet appears and has the same mark engraved on the door of the house (only in Latin).

In the video, the grandmother-like prophet bakes delicious cookies for Neo, and in computer applications, cookies are transmitted from a website to the user's browser and save a small amount of information from the zài hard drive with a recognition function, which is actually a tracking mechanism, which means that the automatic memory function allows the computer user who visits a website to read the last time he left a website. This has a mystical connection to Neo's visit to the Prophet.

P Philip? Philipk. Dick

Great science fiction writer. His works have always explored the definition of human beings and the dichotomy between truth and falsehood, and have been brought to the screen countless times. Although his life was bleak, he suffered from phobias and depression, drug abuse, marriage breakdown, and untimely death. But he created a miracle in the science fiction world. Dick's work skillfully combines science fiction and mysticism, self-experience, pure science and vulgar drama to create a unique atmosphere of wild and mystery. Underneath the minimalist style and standard sci-fi approach, a deeper world is presented—a place of extreme emotional experience, pure philosophical reflections, and astonishing ideas that emerge from time to time. Like Kafka, Dick's name became a proper noun for a well-known view of literature. His work combines science fiction with the postmodernist literature of "technology supremacy", and is regarded as the "Borges of America".

It can be said that the entire "cyberpunk movement" and its many spin-off offshoots were influenced by Dick. Dick-esque themes such as political rhapsodies, interstellar intrigues, and virtual reality due to drug use and willpower accusations have become household names. The 1982 classic sci-fi film "Blade Runner" was adapted from his short story "Do Machine Qì People Dream of Electric Sheep?" There are also "Total Recall", "Minority Report", "Memory Rift" (if you are interested, you can watch my Hollywood Top 10 Classic Science Fiction Films of 30 Years Cherrystar Original), and it is said that three films based on his novels will be filmed in the future. Let's wait and see.

Q Quinn (Quine)

Willard van Orman Quine, an American philosopher and logician, is an important representative of "logical pragmatism" or "pragmatist analytic philosophy".

In his view, the ontological question can be simply formulated as the question of "what exists". The question of the expression of "what exists" can be divided into two kinds: one is the question of what actually exists, that is, the ontological factual problem, and the other is the question of what exists in the use of language, that is, the ontological "commitment" problem. In Quine's view, any scientific theory is a representation of "what exists".

Quine also provides a detailed questioning analysis of the law of exclusion in his Pursuit of Truth. The prevailing interpretation of the law of exclusion is that "two contradictory ideas cannot both be false in the same thought process." One of them must be true", "The same object cannot be uncertain." and not denying". That is to say, the law of exclusion requires that two contradictory ideas must be true and false, and cannot be both true and false. Perhaps this can be used to dispel our confusion about the infinite set of nihilistic worldview of "The Hacker".

Real

Arguably, the central question of The Matrix is Quine's essentialist question: "Whatisthere". Is reality an objective experience as the doctrine of existence claims, or is it merely a sensory response to our interactions with the outside world? As Morpheus puts it, "What is true? How do you define true? If you're talking about smells. Vision, then the so-called truth is nothing more than a series of electrical impulses translated by the brain. ”

Socrates

Famous ancient Greek philosopher, the creator of Plato's philosophical line. He defined philosophy as "loving wisdom," and one of his important points was knowing that you are ignorant. He said he heard the oracle say that he was the wisest man on earth. But he felt that he was not wise, so he went around talking to knowledgeable people and tried to overthrow the oracle. As a result, he found that these so-called knowledgeable people had no knowledge and were not intelligent, and then he found that his own cleverness lay in his awareness of his ignorance. He prides himself on his ignorance and believes that everyone should admit their ignorance (Neo was also tested). (The novel "The Song God of Rebirth" will have more fresh content on the official WeChat platform, and there will also be a 100% lottery gift for everyone!) Open WeChat now, click on the "+" sign in the upper right corner "Add Friends", search for the official account "ddxiaoshuo" and follow, hurry up! (To be continued......)