"Fourth brother! That's a national-level research center, all of them are comparable to national treasures, you cow! Computer technology in the USSR was great. Fang Menan gave a thumbs up, "Dig well, the more the merrier, otherwise you will get cheaper foreign devils!" She laughs.

"Well, of course, I visited the computer center on the outskirts of Moscow, and I went to check the information." Ye Laosi smiled and said unhurriedly, "It's not the most advanced, I won't dig it yet!"

The institute was established as a direct department of the Soviet Science and Technology Committee, and the Computer Research Center was established shortly after the end of World War II.

It was here that in the early 70s a new high-performance computer was researched, which was the predecessor of Elbrus. When the first supercomputer was born in 1973, they named it Elbrus, the highest peak in the Caucasus Mountains and the highest peak in the Soviet Union, a symbol of the strength and courage of the Russian nation.

After the successful development of the Elbrus-1 type, it was well received by all circles in the Soviet Union, and the chief designer was V. Sheburtsev, who was the head of the Department of Computer Architecture at that time, because it was the first computer in the Soviet Union to fully use integrated circuit technology, using the ALGOL language similar to that used in the Burroughslargesystems system, and the performance was reliable. And he was going to use the BESM-6, a computer that was in use in the Soviet Union at that time.

BESM-6 was the most advanced supercomputer in the Soviet Union at that time, designed by the Lebedev Institute of Precision Instruments and Computer Engineering in 1966 and completed in 1968. It was not until 1988 that it was discontinued, and a total of 355 units were produced. The computer uses a transistor design, 48 processors, 10M clock frequency, two instruction pipelines, separate control unit and arithmetic unit, and 16 data cache 48-bit words. The system achieves 1MFlops performance. The fastest supercomputer at the time, CDC6600, reached 3MFlops. The system memory is 15-bit addressed, and the maximum addressable memory space is 32K words (192K bytes). The virtual memory system allows expansion up to 128K words (768K bytes).

BESM-6 was widely used in various calculation and control tasks in the USSR in the 70s of the 20th century. In 1975, it undertook the task of processing data on the Soyuz orbital parameters in the Apollo-Soyuz docking program, and performed the same calculations for the Apollo spacecraft for 30 minutes. ”

Ye Laosi memorized it like an endorsement. It's a lot of memory.

Ye Laosi paused and continued. "It's simple, it's quiet, it's on the outskirts of Moscow, and there were only about 40 people in the beginning. As the economy of the USSR recovered and developed after the war. In particular, computers are developing rapidly in the world. Change with each passing day. In order to compete with the United States, Big Brother has invested more and more money, and has invested more and more in capital and manpower.

In particular, the sophisticated scientific researchers who have been engaged in this field in the past ten years have gone to the sea. After all, compared to other industries, this aspect is in terms of wages and benefits. It's still guaranteed.

I found that there were about 100,000 programmers in scientific research institutes of all sizes throughout the Soviet Union, and there were nearly three experienced programmers in this computer center in Moscow alone.

However, it is a pity that in the process of computer technology development, the Soviet Union emphasized hardware over software, and it is conceivable how large the contingent of hardware developers is.

In fact, it's not just us digging the foot of the wall, the West is also digging! It's like honey, attracting scientific research centers, technology companies around the world, and hearing about it. ”

"Hey! To be honest, I was numb to it, not only the computer, but also other scientific research centers! In the past, it was heavily guarded, but now it's a hat! Feel free to enter! You get the idea! Ye Laosi sighed. Majors involve aerospace, military industry, physics, fine chemicals, microbiology, genetics and so on. ”

"There are certain economic reasons why Western countries are so focused on attracting Soviet scientific talents. The country needs to spend $300,000 to train a high-tech talent, and the successful introduction of such a talent is equivalent to saving the country this cost. The success of the business of bringing in talent can create millions or even tens of millions of dollars. In the United States, the achievements of foreign scientific talents have shaped the bulk of the country's science and technology industry, accounting for 25% of the total development of new technologies, 28% of the total number of technology-based companies, and creating more than $55 billion in wealth every year. Fang Menan said calmly, "That's why I will spare no effort to dig the foot of the wall!" ”

"These scholars are often the most scientifically minded and innovative talents, and their ideas are the basis for scientific and technological innovation and development. However, if these talents are lost, the country's innovation system will not be able to be built, and it will once again become a country that is dependent on the West for technology. Ye Laosi frowned slightly and said.

After the collapse of the Soviet Union, some institutes and laboratories were forced to halt their scientific work due to a sharp decline in government funding for academia. The deterioration of the economic situation has directly led to the insecurity of the livelihood of scientific researchers, and many scientists have been forced to go to Western countries to earn a living.

According to official Russian statistics, between 1991 and 1999, the number of Russian scientific research troops shrank from about 880,000 to about 390,000. By the end of the 90s, Russia was no longer afraid of brain drain, because the best were gone.

From the collapse of the Soviet Union to 1995, nearly 80,000 scholars and researchers emigrated abroad, resulting in economic losses of up to $60 billion. And if you want to cultivate such a large talent force in Europe and the United States, it will cost at least $1 trillion.

The loss of scientific and technological talent in Russia has made big gains for Western countries, and the United States, Germany and the United Kingdom have benefited the most.

Of course, Ye Laosi also took advantage, so there was no negotiation!

In terms of computers alone, when studying computers, those who knew the history of computers knew that the world's first superscalar processor was the Soviet Union's Elbrus-1, a full 15 years before the West.

Even the Intel Pentium processor is related to it, due to the brain drain after the collapse of the USSR, and even the development of the structure of the Pentium III was led precisely by the head of the El-90 superscalar architecture 32-bit microprocessor in those years, Vladimir Pantkovsky. The Soviet Union changed dramatically in the 90s. Boris, the head of Elbrus, had to cooperate with SUN, which directly led to the rise of SUN.

In 2004, ElbruCST, which could not survive, was acquired by INTEL. Elbrus, once the world's leader, was officially integrated into INTEL.

This shows what a staggering amount of valuable wealth was lost when the Soviet Union collapsed.

"What is the most important thing in the 21st century? Talent! Fang Menan said.

"That's right!" Ye Laosi nodded in agreement.

"I'm curious now, the Soviet Union just let you dig like this!" Cheng Shigui's slender legs rested on the coffee table, leaning lazily on the back of the sofa.

"They want to keep these scientific talents." Ye Laosi sighed and said, "Scientific researchers are also people, and they also have to support their families, the country doesn't care, and people are not allowed to find their own way out."

I spent a few hours on the computer tour. There is simply no work to be done by the people in the centre. Maybe there is, but it's hard for a good woman to cook without rice.

In the huge programming center, it was like the great defeat of the Kuomintang, and the office was also filthy. Waste paper and documents fell to the ground. Of course, those elite programmers are sticking to their posts. But it's in a state of idleness, and there's nothing to do.

Let's talk about the chip laboratory, it should be spotless. Now! It's almost time to catch up with the garbage dump, and a thick layer of ash has fallen on it.

Only a few devices are running, and the other equipment is in a stationary state, and after asking the reason, I know that some of them are to save electricity, and they are not used if they can not be used; Some of them are broken equipment, but there is no repair cost to repair them! ”

"OMG!" Ye Laosi raised his forehead to the sky and sighed, "This is a dignified state-level scientific research center, they can't afford to pay for electricity, and they can't afford to pay for equipment maintenance of tens of thousands of rubles, do you believe it!" His eyes swept to Fang Monan and Cheng Shigui, and then said, "But this is what I saw with my own eyes." The facts are right in front of you, and you cannot believe them. ”

Shouyun continued, and his tone was full of emotion, "According to the person in charge of the center, there are about 3,000 technicians of all kinds, and there is not much left for the monthly salary payment, plus water, electricity and other miscellaneous necessary expenses. However, even with the few remaining expenses, it is necessary to bribe those who are responsible for financial appropriations, otherwise we don't know when we will pass the buck next month on financial appropriations. ”

Ye Laosi looked at them and said, "Don't believe it!" This is what I saw with my own eyes, and this is not the most helpless, the most helpless thing is that the salaries of scientific researchers have not risen for many years. You also know that prices in Moscow continue to skyrocket and the ruble depreciates. This time and again, that pitiful salary is almost impossible to keep even the minimum living guarantee. If there is another tribulation, it will really be the end of the sky! Now that this winter is coming, they don't even have the cost of heating, how cold it is in Moscow, you know!

Let's put it this way! When I went, the research center was almost closed.

Survival is challenged, who still has the heart to work, this person's heart is scattered, and the team can be easily led.

People who are poor and think about change, and people with a little bit of brains basically either resign and change careers, or those who are a little famous in the industry, all sharpen their heads and run abroad to earn dollars. Especially the heads of each department, needless to say, their own knowledge, otherwise they would not be able to become the leader, and they are almost gone, leaving only two or three kittens.

The conditions offered by the Americans are very tempting, as long as they are fools, they will not refuse, one paradise, one three meals, do you still need to think about it! Gone, only those who really love this country, he would rather die with the withering tree of the country than go to the United States to serve the capitalists.

These people deserve respect!

Ay! Went late. Ye Laosi thumped his chest and said, "Let the foreign devils seize the opportunity." ”

"Come on! The ones left are not bad, and they are basically inherited in the same vein. Fang Monan glanced at him and said, "It's just that there are not enough funds and platforms." ”

"Yes, yes!" Ye Laosi nodded. "Nannan is not bad, remember Tetris!"

"Of course, the Tetris game is a lot of money for the dwarf Nintendo. He was invented by the Soviets. Cheng Shigui said, "You said that this handheld game is not difficult, they can do it themselves, there is no reason to be cheap!" ”

"Hah...... The game's designer, Pagetnov, was reprimanded for not doing his job! Later, the game's patent was resold by the Soviet Import and Export Administration at an absolutely low price, and as the game's designer, Pakitnov's only gain was a '286'. Ridiculous! Ye Laosi sneered. I really don't know what the people in power are thinking? ”

"Oh! It turns out that there is also this story episode! Cheng Shigui rubbed his chin and said. (To be continued......)

PS: Ask for pink, ask for recommendation!