"Yes, but there is not a lot of panda blood, if the boss really plans to prepare, it is better to know how hemolysis occurs first, so that he can be prepared." Chen Rong said.

Neonatal hemolytic anemia is an allergic blood disease that occurs due to incompatibility between the maternal and fetal blood groups, and the lifespan of human red blood cells is about 120 days, when the senescent red blood cells are destroyed in the body and replaced by fresh red blood cells produced by the bone marrow.

When the lifespan of red blood cells is shortened, the destruction is accelerated, and the bone marrow is too late to replenish, hemolytic anemia will occur, and when the antigen and antibody reaction occurs between the newborn and the mother due to blood group incompatibility, the destruction of red blood cells is accelerated, and neonatal hemolytic anemia will occur, which is most common in the case of neonatal and maternal Rh blood group incompatibility.

When the paternal blood group is Rh-positive and the mother is Rh-negative, the Rh antigen inherited from the father will stimulate the mother's production of anti-Rh antibodies.

This antibody enters the fetus through the placenta and reacts with the fetal erythrocyte Rh antigen to cause the destruction of the latter, so this will only happen when the paternal blood group is Rh positive and the mother's blood type is Rh negative.

Rh-negative mothers produce anti-Rh antibodies that require stimulation from Rh-positive fetal red blood cells, which enter the mother mainly through the broken placental barrier during delivery.

So the first parity is often unaffected, and the subsequent parity, the impact will become more and more severe, in a few cases. Rh-negative mothers who have received transfusions of Rh-positive blood have anti-Rh antibodies in their bodies, so that the first child can be affected.

Neonatal hemolytic anemia is not limited to the incompatibility of the Rh blood group, as long as there is any incompatibility of any blood type, there is a possibility of neonatal hemolytic anemia.

So, theoretically, ABO blood group incompatibility can also cause hemolytic anemia in newborns, but this rarely happens because of the larger molecules of anti-A and anti-B antibodies. Generally, it is not easy to enter the fetus through the placenta.

What's more, because the A and B antigens are not only present in red blood cells. They are also present in various tissues and body fluids, so antibodies from the mother may be neutralized by antibodies widely stored in tissues and body fluids before they reach the fetal red blood cells, so that the fetal red blood cells are protected.

There are many Rh-positive blood types in our country. There are very few negative ones. Therefore, the incidence of neonatal hemolytic disease is also low. In European and American countries, the incidence can be as high as 1 in 200.

There are 6 antigens in the Rh blood group (C, C; D、d； E, e), of which the D antigen was the first to be discovered and the most antigenic. Clinically, all those with D antigen are called Rh positive, and vice versa, most of the Han people in China are Rh positive, and only 0.34% are Rh negative.

The clinical differences in ABO hemolysis are very large, Rh hemolysis is often stricter than that of ABO hemolysis, and anemia Rh hemolysis generally appears earlier and more severely; Anemia is rare in ABO hemolytics, which usually do not appear until the late neonatal period. Severe anemia predisposes to anemia heart failure.

The treatment of neonatal hemolytic anemia is mainly divided into two aspects, one is to use drugs or irradiation and other methods to inhibit the hemolytic process and change the structure of bilirubin, so that it is excreted from the urine or prevent it from binding with nerve tissue, so as to protect the function of the nervous system.

The second is to use Rh-negative male blood for continuous exchange transfusion to exchange Rh antibodies and bilirubin in the fetus, for severe cases, most of the drug treatment is not effective, and repeated exchange transfusion is required, which will be a huge burden for families. ”

After introducing hemolysis, Han Peacock also knew his misunderstanding, and he thought that his daughter had become a rare giant panda!

But as soon as Chen Rong said this, Han Peacock knew that this Rh-negative blood type is not so scarce at all, it sounds like very little, only 0.34% of the country's Rh-negative blood is Rh-negative, but it can't stand the large population in China! Even if there are 34 out of 10,000 people, how many people are there in the country's 1.3 billion people?

Definitely more than 100,000! Of course, the proportion is a little less, 100,000 is very small compared to 1.3 billion, but no matter how small it is, there are more than 100,000 people.

Han Peacock breathed a sigh of relief and said, "It's not uncommon to say that Rh negative blood type is not uncommon, so I'm relieved." ”

Chen Rong smiled and said: "That's true, but I heard that the boss has Xiongnu blood?" ”

Han Peacock nodded: "Yes, but it has been fused for thousands of years, and the Hun bloodline has long been thinned and negligible." ”

Chen Rong said: "Children born in ethnic minorities have a high probability of rare blood types, and I hope your daughter will not inherit that negligible chance." ”

"Originally, I thought that Rh-negative blood type was a rare blood type, but now that I hear you say this, Rh-negative blood type is not rare, so it's no problem at all." Han Peacock said with a smile.

Chen Rong smiled and said, "What is a rare blood type?" A rare blood group is a rare or rare blood type that is not only found in the ABO blood group system, but also in the rare blood group system.

The rare blood types that have been discovered today are the rare blood group systems that have been established separately, such as RH, MNSSU, P, KELL, KIDD, LUTHERAN, DEIGO, LEWIS, DUFFY, and a series of other rare blood group systems.

There is also a rare blood group system called the Bombay type, in which the red blood cells do not have A, B, and H antigens, but there are zàiA, B, and anti-H antibodies in the serum.

In the rare blood group system, except for the RH blood group system, the number of other blood groups accounts for a very small proportion of the total population, so they are far less important than ABO and RH blood group systems in actual clinical practice, but in terms of specificity, some antibodies can still have fatal consequences if blood is used improperly.

As for the RH blood group, Rh is the first two letters of the foreign name of the rhesus macaque, and when Landsteiner and other scientists made animal real yàn in 1940, they found that the antigenic substance of the zài Rh blood group was stored in the red blood cells of rhesus monkeys and most human bodies, so it was named.

All human blood red blood cells have Rh antigen (also known as D antigen) on it. It is called Rh-negative, so that people with the four main blood types of red blood cells A, B, O, and AB are divided into two types: Rh-positive and negative.

With the continuous research on Rh blood group, it is believed that the Rh blood group system may be the most complex blood group in the red blood cell blood group, and the discovery of Rh blood group plays a very important role in guiding blood transfusion work more scientifically, further improving the diagnosis of neonatal hemolysis and maintaining maternal and infant health.

According to relevant information, the Rh-positive blood type accounts for about 99.7% of the Han and most ethnic groups in China, and about 90% of individual ethnic minorities. Among some peoples abroad. About 85% of people with Rh-positive blood type, of which in Europe and the United States Caucasian Zhong, Rh-negative blood type people account for about 15%, and the boss is of Xiongnu blood. There is a high chance of developing Rh-negative blood type.

Rh blood group is one of the most complex blood group systems since the discovery of ABO blood group. If the transfusion is not compatible, it can be life-threatening for the patient. Pregnancies with incompatible Rh blood group between mother and child may lead to stillbirth, preterm birth, and neonatal hemolysis. ”

"Dr. Chen, the results are out." That's when it happened. Someone came to report.

Han Peacock's and Chen Rong's realization all fell on this researcher, and seeing the researcher's stern expression, Han Peacock said, "Is it really Rh negative blood type?" ”

Chen Rong said at the same time: "It won't be the AB type of the Rh negative blood type, right?" This should be the minimal. ”

The researcher said, "No, we're repeating it, if it's correct, it's a Bombay bloodline." ”

"Mumbai-type?" Han Peacock and Chen Rong all screamed in surprise.

Han Peacock's memory is super strong, just now Chen Rong introduced the Mumbai type of blood, but he knows that the Mumbai type is rarer than the Rh negative blood type.

Chen Rong was a little nervous at this time, so she said directly to Han Peacock: "The rarest blood type in the world is the Bombay blood type, which was discovered in 1961 by a nurse in the Czech Republic, and now only a few have been found in the world. ”

"Is it really that little?" Han Peacock also began to have a headache at this time.

And there are people who have a headache than him, Huang Shan, who heard their conversation at this time, did not need to tell Han Peacock, and had already begun to cast a net to find people with Bombay blood type, but Huang Shan, who soon fed back the news, became nervous.

In the rare blood group system, the number of people in all blood groups except the RH blood group system is very small.

The Bombay blood group is very rare all over the world, about 1 in 10,000 in India, about 1 in 1 million in Europe, and in some isolated areas, in French Réunion, where the rate of H-antigen deficient individuals is as high as 1 in 1,000.

The Mumbai blood type is extremely rare in our country, and the proportion of people with this blood type in the country is only 1 in 100,000, and only about 30 cases have been reported in the country.

Bombay blood type is extremely rare among Chinese, because there are no A, B, and H antigens on its red blood cells, and in addition to anti-A and anti-B antibodies in serum, there are also anti-H antibodies, and A or B antigens can be found in saliva.

It is said that there are only 30 people with this blood type in the country, 3 people in Shenshi, only 1 person in Yangcheng, and a few people in other provinces. On May 27, 2011, a brother and sister were again found to be of Bombay blood in the province of Mt. Son, so three people were also found in the province of Mt. Bombay.

"Even if there are not as few reports, it is not much worse, and the most important thing is that people with this blood type do not know that they are of this blood type, and many of them are treated as ordinary blood types after accidents, and there are accidents." Chen Rong said solemnly.

"What then?" Han Peacock was a little at a loss, it was the first time he was so powerless.

Chen Rong said: "Boss, don't worry, there are not many in my country, there are still relatively many in Africa, the reason why it is called Mumbai blood type is because the first blood type was found in Mumbai, so there should be a lot of people with this blood type in Mumbai, this blood type is in China, a large part of it is distributed in Tibetan Province and Yunnan Province among the ethnic minorities, if you really look for it, you can still find a lot." ”

Han Peacock said: "Have you determined what specific blood type it is?" ”

The researcher said, "Bombay blood type A. (To be continued......)