Let's just talk about this weather forecasting work. Pei Peijia has set up three observatory in the name of Nanjing Qintianjian in Yuhuatai, Dongting Dongshan in Suzhou, and Chongming Island in Nanjing, to forecast the weather for Jinling, Suzhou, and Chongming Island.

Divination was originally within the business scope of Qin Tianjian, and the oracle bone inscription of the Shang Dynasty recorded that 'divination on the day of Renyin, rain on the day of the Emperor, and then there will be a storm'.

However, if Qin Tianjian only relied on divination to predict the weather, no amount of head would be enough, so they would have many 'auxiliary means' to predict weather changes by observing the changes of wind and clouds, and summarize a set of systematic forecasting methods.

For example, "Lü's Spring and Autumn Period" divides clouds into four types: 'mountain clouds, water clouds, dry clouds, and rain clouds', and makes a simple classification of clouds that indicate different weather. Later generations also summarized a series of weather and meteorological proverbs based on the thickness and color of the clouds.

For example, 'gray clouds in the sky, rain will be continuous', this is 'Nimbostratus', 'black pigs cross the river, heavy rain is pouring down', this is 'large pieces of broken rain clouds', 'Fort clouds, rainy', this is 'Fort clouds, rain drenched', this is 'Fort Altocumulus clouds', 'carp spots in the sky, the grain does not need to be turned', this is 'translucent Altocumulus clouds', 'cotton clouds, rain is drenched', this is 'Altocumulus flocculus'...... The observation and study of clouds is already in place.

They also use animal behavior and changes in utensils to predict the weather. For example, 'the water tank is sweating, the toad is crowing, and there will be heavy rain soon'.

He also makes his own tools to predict weather and weather, such as tightening dry cotton threads on a wooden table. If the cotton thread suddenly becomes slack, it means that the humidity has risen sharply, which indicates that there will be rain today and tomorrow.

For example, in the Han Dynasty, Zhang Heng made the world's earliest wind vane 'Bronze Bird for the Wind' - that is, a five-zhang high pole was erected on the open ground, and a copper bird that could be rotated flexibly was installed on the pole, and the wind direction and wind force were predicted according to the rotation direction of the copper bird......

Generations of Yin-Yang people have accumulated rich experience, and the old Yin-Yang people in charge of this project of the Foundation can forecast accurately as high as seven or eight out of ten.

Based on the knowledge in "Elementary Physics", Peijia also introduced the concept of using changes in air pressure to predict the weather, and formulated the 'five-element prediction method', that is, collecting data on changes in temperature, wind speed, wind direction, humidity, and air pressure to comprehensively analyze and predict the weather.

As for the collection of these five types of data. The glass mercury thermometer has long been produced by the Xishan Island Research Center.

The Bronze Bird can determine the wind speed and direction.

The hygrometer also existed in the Han Dynasty, and the "Historical Records" recorded a balance device with soil and charcoal at both ends of the scale. When the weather is dry, the charcoal is light, and the scales are tilted towards the earth; When the weather is humid and the charcoal becomes heavier, the scales tilt in favor of the charcoal...... It is exactly the same as the hygrometer invented in the fifteenth century in the West.

Pei Peijia improved on this slightly, replacing charcoal with dry cotton and soil with weights. In this way, the water vapor content in the air can be determined according to the amount of water vapor absorbed by the cotton.

As for the barometer, in the chapter 'Barometer' of "Elementary Physics", the mercury barometer was explained, and the principle was very simple. However, the research center still has several difficulties to overcome, such as avoiding the leakage of mercury vapor. Therefore, for the time being, we can only use the small experiment after the text to temporarily replace it.

It is to tie the pig urine bubble on the empty bowl and stick a long wheat stalk on the surface of the skin. Then set up a bamboo ruler next to the bowl as a ruler. In this way, when the air pressure changes, the skin will be retracted, and the wheat straw will move slightly, and you can read whether the air pressure is rising or falling, and what the amplitude is, through the change of the position of the other end of the scale.

Although this method is not accurate, it has a good auxiliary judgment effect. Under the multi-pronged approach, the accuracy of the weather forecast for the next day has been quite high, and it has quickly been relied on by the people in the three places and has become an indispensable and important information in their lives.

Every evening, the Meteorological Observatory will send someone to notify the local watchman or the head of the dawn of the forecast for the next day, and they will announce it at the time of the watch. Therefore, the words of these places have changed from the ineffective 'dry weather, be careful of fire candles', to a more accurate weather forecast-

Such as 'Bang Bang Bang', "If it rains tomorrow, it is advisable to hit the child...... and so on".

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In addition, the Meteorological Observatory will issue warnings for various disasters, the most important of which is the typhoon warning.

Every summer, the typhoon will cause great damage to the Jiangnan region, so that when the wind and flood come, the governor of Yingtian will move from Jinling to Suzhou to command the typhoon, and the damage of the typhoon can be seen. It is called 'hurricane' by the people of Jiangnan.

After the grain is shipped by sea, the damage of the typhoon is even greater. Don't look at those ships that are as big as buildings, but in the strong winds and waves brought by the typhoon, the fragility is no different from a leaf. In the past, the discussion of shipping has repeatedly caused frustration, and the most important reason is that 'the sea is treacherous, and the grain ship capsizes at every turn'.

Zhao Gongzi had no choice but to propose that all losses should be borne by the royal sea, which dispelled the doubts of the imperial court. But now there are hundreds of ships in the fleet, thousands of sailors, each time they go out to transport 200,000 stone of grain, 15,000 tons of goods, and 30,000 tons of goods on the return journey - a typhoon will have to lose more than 100,000 taels of silver, no matter how rich Zhao Gongzi and the group are, they can't stand it.

Therefore, he ordered Pei Peijia to set up six typhoon warning stations in Chengshantou, Tamluo Island, Chongming Island in Weihai, Zhejiang, Nanji Island in Wenzhou, and Penghu Island in Quanzhou, Fujian.

Anyone who lives near the sea knows that the sea gets restless before a typhoon. The distance between the head of the waves will become longer, the sound will be heavy, and the beat will be slow, but when you get close to the shore, a huge force will be released, causing the water level of the shore to rise sharply and the waves will be choppy!

In addition, it will be accompanied by a conch horn or a distant thunder whirlwind, which is especially clear and loud in the quiet night. When the sound gradually intensifies, it indicates that a typhoon is approaching. There is also a cave facing the sea in Zhoushan, and a few days before the typhoon, there will be a loud sea sound. Fishermen have never gone wrong by taking anti-typhoon measures based on this omen.

When the warning station in the south observes an approaching typhoon, it will release carrier pigeons to announce the news. The pigeon returns home at more than three times the speed of the typhoon center, and the news can be sent to Chongming Island two or three days in advance.

When the early warning station on Chongming Island receives an alert from Penghu, it will issue a blue warning to the Jiangnan area, Tamna Island, and Chengshantou observation stations. After receiving this warning, all ships should immediately return to the port to take shelter from the wind, and those who did not depart should cancel their departure. Governments at all levels and group companies should actively make preparations for flood prevention and control, and the people should strengthen doors and windows and reserve grain and fresh water.

Typhoons in Jiangnan often cause salty tides, that is, seawater pollutes groundwater, which can make the well water in Jiangnan bitter and muddy for several days, making it impossible to drink. So store fresh water in advance.

Because the early warning station is in the name of Nanjing Qintianjian, it can directly notify and remind the government of the wind and flood, of course, the government does not listen to it...... Whoever dares not listen, the sea fighter will seal him to the bottom of the Pacific Ocean!

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When Chongming Island receives an alert from Nanji Island in Wenzhou, a yellow alert will be issued. All outdoor gatherings should be stopped throughout the Gangnam region. Reinforcement of port facilities to prevent ships from anchoring, capsizing or colliding. The companies of the group stopped work and production, and all employees moved to the anti-platform, and reinforced or dismantled the buildings that would be blown away.

The government organized the people to prevent Taiwan and flood control, and the people should not go out at will, and the residents of dilapidated houses should be moved to safe places.

When Chongming Island receives an alert from Zhoushan, an orange alert is issued. All non-essential outdoor activities will be stopped in the whole of Jiangnan and will be put into a state of anti-typhoon until the alarm is lifted.

When the Chongming Island warning station itself also observes that a typhoon is coming, a red alert will be issued. At this time, the situation is particularly urgent, everyone should put wind safety first, do not go out, and wait for the alarm to fall down.

In addition, Tamna Island should simultaneously issue an alert of the same level when it receives an early warning from Chongming. However, when Chongming issued a red alert, Tamna should still issue an orange alert until the typhoon was also detected at the Tamna Island warning station, which turned red.

As for the Chengshantou early warning station, in fact, the Bohai Sea area is rarely hit by typhoons, and their main role is to receive typhoon warnings from various early warning stations and convey them to the Tianjin health authorities. In this way, Tianjin Port can know about the typhoon coming from the south five or six days in advance.

When the shipping fleet passes by Chengshantou, it can also know that a typhoon is approaching through the flags and lights raised at the early warning station, and no longer go south, but take shelter in the nearby Malan Bay and wait for the alarm to be lifted.

The fleet departed from Chongming for three days to Tamna, and from Tamna to Weihaiwei for three days, and the current early warning station was enough to help the maritime fleet avoid the typhoon.

Since the establishment of the early warning station last year, there have been 10 typhoon warnings, although three typhoons turned around and did not blow to Jiangnan. However, for all the seven typhoons that affected Jiangnan, they all made predictions in advance, which bought valuable preparation time for the people of Jiangnan and greatly reduced the disasters caused by the typhoon. From Haigong to the gentry and common people, they all praised each other, and they also had a deeper understanding of the role of science.

Almost every typhoon is followed by many new donations...... If there are typhoons in the remaining three seasons, the Foundation will be self-sufficient, and there will be no need for Zhao Gongzi's blood transfusion.

The Royal Sea has set a great record of two years without a shipwreck, which makes the princes of the imperial court shout incredible. Of course, those who oppose for the sake of opposition are unbelieving. Instead, they fiercely accused Zhao Hao of being ill-intentioned, and in order to prove that shipping was stronger than Cao Yun, they forcibly whitewashed the peace and concealed the shipwreck record!

Their reason is simple, Caoyun still drifts a fifth every year, how can you not sink the ship? So you must be hiding it.

You said that you did not hide it, and you also came up with evidence to prove that not a single boat was lost. But they covered their ears and did not listen or believe, saying that your evidence was fabricated as well......

It is useless to reason with such people, physical persuasion must be used, and it is easier to plug their foul mouths directly...... It's a pity that these dogs are raised by Gao Ge, and Zhao Gongzi and the Jiangnan Gang beat the dogs and bullied the masters, so they can only spray them first.

"This is a good thing...... Zhao Gongzi comforted the indignant Chen Huaixiu and others, "Slander will make us more united." ”

P.S. Sorry, just finished writing. Hide your face in shame and continue to write......