Under the bright moon, almost all the deep houses on Chang'an Street are hung with lights.

In particular, the Shoufu compound on the street is like daylight under the reflection of dozens of lights.

Listening quietly, you can tell from the frequent noisy footsteps that there are probably a lot of people in the Shoufu compound at this moment.

During the day, the homework left by Zhu Yunwen in the Fengtian Temple was not too difficult for this group of officials, after all, the ministers of the central ministries were basically promoted by Jianwen Dynasty, and none of them were promoted by officials left by the Hongwu Dynasty.

It can be said that every one of them can recite the "Jianwen Dictionary" out of a seven, seven, eighty, eight, eight, and eight, and the general outline is even more familiar.

It is not a lot of pressure for these people to do a good job of the schoolwork left by the emperor and deliver a perfect passable answer sheet, but they still came to Xu Buji's mansion, not for anything else, just to ask for advice.

What does the schoolwork left by the emperor mean?

The courtiers of the Manchu Dynasty, the one who knows the emperor's heart best is Xu Buji, if you don't ask him for advice, who else can you find?

In the main hall, Xu Buji sat on the top, and Wang Yusen sat on the right hand.

On the seats placed on both sides in turn, more than a dozen officials sat in an orderly manner, most of these officials were pulled up by Xu Buji, and they were regarded as members of the so-called Xu Party.

"Elder Ge, there are two points mentioned in Your Majesty's homework today, one is why I have the prosperity of today, and the other is why I will maintain today's prosperity in the future."

Among the dozen or so people, Gu Fenghe, who took over the position of the secretary of Xu Buji's ministry, was the first to speak, only to see him frowning and cautiously worded.

"What should we do with these two questions?"

The rest of the people were silent, but their eyes were all looking at Xu Buji, waiting for the latter to give some instructions.

But the latter remained calm with them, just fiddling with the lid of the bowl and looking at the rising mist in a daze.

"Pavilion Elder?"

Gu Fenghe opened his mouth anxiously, interrupting Xu Buji's silence.

"Fenghe, you are the secretary of the ministry, what do you say?"

The ball kicked back again, making Gu Feng and lag behind. But Xu Buji opened his mouth and came back, so he couldn't help but answer, so he had to speak up.

"The first thing to govern the country is to have officials, capable ministers, and cadres. Today, the "Jianwen Dictionary" is based on the material, and the officials with it all understand the way of governing the people, so there is today's prosperous era.

As long as it can be guaranteed that in the future, every newly recruited public servant can familiarize himself with the "Jianwen Dictionary", conscientiously study and comprehend the spirit of His Majesty's instructions on governing the country and the people, and achieve a high degree of consistency with the Cabinet Central Committee under the direct leadership of His Majesty in terms of ideology, then he will be able to continue to maintain today's prosperity in the future, and carry forward the past and forge ahead into the future. ”

After saying a high-sounding answer, Gu Fenghe looked at Xu Buji, regrettably not seeing any changing expressions on the latter's face, only a painless affirmation.

"Well, this answer is very good, polish and fill, it is a good article answer."

With a simple answer, everyone present understood the meaning of Xu Buji's words.

That is, if you only want to complete your coursework, then take Gu Fenghe's two sentences as the center, and fill in some imaginary words, real numbers, or local politics and people and the like by sticking to these two points, and it will naturally form a good article.

Gu Fenghe hesitated for a while, but still spoke: "The lower officials and others still want to listen to the elder's instructions." ”

"I can't talk about the instructions, but let's talk about them briefly."

Xu Buji groaned for a long time, and finally put down the tea bowl, and everyone in the hall sat upright, just like Wang Yusen, who was also a cabinet minister next to him, with a solemn expression.

"Your Majesty, when has I been prosperous today, and when have I been a prophet, what is the prosperity of today?"

Xu Buji looked around and said: "If it is not as good as the rule of the Tang and Song dynasties, and if it is not as good as the ancestors, how can it be talked about." If you say that the words are sheng, you must have stepped into the previous dynasty, and the ancient and the present, where is the present better than the previous dynasty. ”

In short, the Tang and Song dynasties were ruled by Long, so in what aspects did today's Ming surpass the Tang and Song dynasties.

"The core of the country lies in politics, and if politics is not grasped hard, then there is no need to talk about military, economic, diplomatic, scientific research, culture and other vassal fields.

Since His Majesty ascended the throne, the first step in reforming the old and renewing the country was to take the lead in the political system and set up a cabinet.

The tasks of the cabinet are to make basic decisions on government affairs, operate the center, coordinate local affairs, and coordinate state affairs, which determines the scope of the cabinet's powers, and expands its powers to a certain extent on the basis of the political system under the Zhongshu Sect of the Tang and Song dynasties.

The cabinet took over most of the simple government affairs of my Ming Dynasty, and almost every cabinet minister was busy with the mountains and seas and countless provinces, and His Majesty, compared to Emperor Taizu, could take a break from the case and concentrate on compiling the "Jianwen Canon".

This step changed the direction of my Da Ming Lu official material, and then abolished the imperial examination system, canceled the identity gap between officials, and the new official is no longer just a jinshi holding this "County Order Appointment Instructions" can be assumed, but needs to be slowly promoted from a grassroots public servant step by step.

These officials, who have risen step by step from the bottom, know more about the civil affairs, and they are able to govern and control with ease, and the people have no complaints about everything.

A county is prosperous, a government is prosperous, a province is prosperous, and the whole country is prosperous.

Then there is the day of the great prosperity, so this one, my Ming Dynasty is better than the Tang and Song dynasties, which is the advantage of the system. ”

Xu Buji said a word about the advantages of the system, and everyone felt a lot in their hearts.

The prosperity and decline of a country depends on whether the country's political system is advanced and reasonable, and whether it has the ability to resolve all kinds of contradictions and demands that arise from the progress of the times.

If the political system can solve these problems, or if it can't solve them at the time, but the system has an extremely benign adaptive and regulating ability, and can spend a certain amount of time to solve these endless demands and contradictions by changing the way of governance, then the political system is extremely perfect.

"Only by taking a good look at the changes and demises of the Liao, Jin, Yuan, and Song dynasties after the Tang Dynasty can we truly answer the homework assigned by His Majesty.

Among the dynasties that changed before the Ming Dynasty, the Tang Dynasty must be an extremely important dynastic milestone in history.

After the fall of the Tang Dynasty, the five dynasties and ten kingdoms, including the Liao and Jin dynasties that succeeded to dominate half of the Central Plains, and the general structure of the exercise of rule were almost all circled in the historical influence left by the Tang Dynasty.

Compared with these dynasties, the Song Dynasty can be regarded as one foot out of the plate left by the Tang Dynasty.

The only extremely serious difference is that the Tang Dynasty has been trying its best to centralize power, and the Song Dynasty is also centralizing.

The two dynasties were central at the same time, but there were fundamental differences.

In the center of the Tang Dynasty was the emperor alone.

The center of the Song Dynasty was the center, and it was the coexistence of the emperor and the scholar class.

It's just that the emperor's central government has turned the political system and ruling system into a private weapon in the hands of the emperor alone.

In the Song Dynasty, based on the historical demands of the time and some political interaction factors, Song Taizu and Song Taizong established the ancestral system of sharing the world with scholars.

The political system and the system that has the right to rule and govern the country have become public instruments.

That is, everyone in the center has the right to touch.

And the scholar class cannot be as unique as the emperor's family, and the father and son family are passed down from generation to generation.

The scholarly class is like living water, with the holding of the imperial examination, there is a constant influx of newcomers and latecomers, and then the old ones are eliminated.

By the time Wang Jinggong changed the law, this gong weapon had changed from exclusive to the central government to a group of scholars and doctors exclusive to the entire country.

This is the root cause of the Xunmeng change, and the rivalry between the two parties of Jing and Wen has lasted for nearly a hundred years.

Each official has the power to use public weapons, and naturally can harm and crusade against each other.

The advantages of this system are equally obvious, because officials at the grassroots level can administer their own affairs according to the customs and customs of different regions, instead of vacillating between the two parties of 'legal unification' and 'Taoist unification' all day long.

There is no need to worry about whether to abide by politics or ethics.

This point is in the political volume of the "Jianwen Dadian", His Majesty wrote two articles, namely "Research on Wang Jinggong Baojia Economic System" and "Research on Song History", which vividly showed the conflict between different party ideologies during the two Song dynasties.

While the multi-party dispute is in place, the government affairs of the middle and lower classes of the local government are still running smoothly, and they are still abiding by the governance based on the different social complexities of various places, ensuring the development of people's livelihood and economic progress.

This is the reason why the economy, population, culture and scientific research level of the Southern Song Dynasty developed rapidly and surpassed the prosperity of the Tang Kaiyuan Dynasty.

In terms of political systems, the Song and Tang dynasties had their own advantages and disadvantages. ”

With a sigh of relief, Xu Buji moistened his throat and continued

"The national fortune of Mengyuan is less than 100 years old, because it has no clear political system. The bureaucratic system of the Mongol Yuan Dynasty had no institutionalized characteristics, and it was completely in an extremely barbaric way to destroy the already mature political system, exercising arbitrary and ruthless ruling power, ignoring the demands of society, and forcing contradictions in various fields to accumulate until they collapsed when contradictions erupted. ”

Speaking of this, Xu Buji has briefly described the reasons for the rise and fall of the political system of the Tang, Song and Yuan dynasties, and everyone became more serious, because after talking about the Yuan, what to say next must be the dynasty.

"Your Majesty takes the Tang and Song dynasties as a reference and the Mengyuan and Yuan dynasties as a warning to regulate the cabinet is to re-establish a new, more advanced and excellent political system.

The public vessels belonged to the central government, to His Majesty's hands, and then with His Majesty's permission, they were lent to the cabinet for use.

Later, the cabinet delegated part of the right to use public instruments to the local government, which not only ensured the flexibility of local political operation, but also avoided the risk of political internal friction caused by the fact that the local government has the right to make its own decisions and can fight with each other in the event of political disagreement. ”

If it were not for Zhu Yunwen's birth, those who know the history of the Ming Dynasty would know that the political system of the Ming Dynasty was basically the same as that of the Song Dynasty, and it was all imperial power-bureaucratic system.

The advantage of this system is stability, and more importantly, because the bureaucracy can always be alive because it will have a steady stream of successors.

This is also the middle and late Ming Dynasty, even if the emperor does not go to court for several years or decades, the country can still operate effectively, and it is generally recognized by more than 100 million people in the whole country.

But the risk of this full public use of power is the transfer of political power.

Since Zhu Di ascended the throne in the Ming Dynasty, the power of the civil official group has grown, forming a threat to the imperial power and counter-suppression.

In the final analysis, it is to begin to compete with the imperial power for the right to use the public weapon and the scope of use.

For example, holding a group to fight against Zhu Di and Yichu hindered Zhu Di from moving the capital.

Emperor Hongwu personally ordered that 'ministers are not allowed to interfere in politics', and this boulder is in the harem, and none of the six big characters Zhu Di can be seen.

The head of cultivating the reading and literacy of the eunuchs was opened by Zhu Di himself.

First set up a supervision army in Beijing, and then set up a town guard in the border town.

These are all bad things for eunuchs to interfere in military and political affairs.

Later, the restoration of the Jinyi Guards and the strengthening of the privileges of the secret service agencies were all concrete means of the struggle between the imperial power and the bureaucratic system for public weapons.

Therefore, in the Ming Dynasty, the disaster of eunuchs was very fierce, and the disaster of the Donglin Party was even more serious.

After Zhu Yunwen ascended the throne, he chose the same means as Zhu Di at the beginning, including adding the West Factory, strengthening the privileges of the secret service under the Imperial Former Division, and constantly using all means to deify his status, and finally completely sanctifying himself.

Completely take the public instrument into your own hands.

After condensing the whole country and one, Zhu Yunwen began to slowly release his power, lending public weapons to the cabinet and officials across the country to use.

In order for the new bureaucracy to continue to exercise its right to use public instruments, it had to exercise its powers within a limited permit, which meant that the only thing these officials were qualified to do was to do their part.

The newly selected officials have grown up with the "Jianwen Dictionary" in their hands, and the bureaucratic system has been continuously reorganized, so that with the replacement of generations, this system will be stabilized and will have a restraining effect on the officials' career and the process of administration.

All the new officials have become accustomed to and developed the familiarity and dependence on this system, and when their superior officials give wrong executive orders, these officials will spontaneously resist.

And when their subordinates exceed the rules, they do not need the intervention of the higher-level supervisory organs, and they themselves will kick these lower-level officials who do not know the ownership of public weapons out of the bureaucracy.

Small-scale, influential, local bureaucratic systems are mature and operational, making practical political decisions based on people's livelihood, people's demands and social demands, issuing administrative orders or policies, and resolving contradictions.

Large-scale and influential political decisions are reported to the central government at all levels, and what can be handled by the cabinet will be dealt with, and those that cannot be handled will eventually be decided by the emperor himself.

Maintain efficient and healthy political decision-making for the entire country.

"Your Majesty restricts the Cabinet, the Cabinet restricts the center, the center restricts the localities, and the localities restrain the people. The sky is round and the place has its own rules, all policy levels are implemented, and the local people and the public government maintain the same thoughts, how can there be any policies that are not well implemented? As long as the implementation is good, it will naturally produce results. ”

Xu Buji made a final concluding speech: "Therefore, this is the reason why my Ming Dynasty is prosperous today, and how to continue to maintain today's prosperity in the future and climb new heights, the core point is also this, we must maintain and stabilize this political system, and we must not and will never allow any wavering in our thinking."

That is, to hold high the banner of maintaining the eternal return of public instruments to the imperial power, and unswervingly maintain this political position, and do their best to do their own work, so that they can use it to ensure political prosperity, national prosperity, social vitality, and strong country and rich people. ”

This answer can be regarded as making everyone finally understand why Zhu Yunwen dared to let Xu Buji govern boldly with such confidence, and did not hesitate to delegate power.

Xu Buji, who came out of Changshu step by step, has always been a hardcore supporter of imperial power, and is the number one diehard fan of Emperor Daming.

Look at how commendable this political stance is.

"Any Ming person, as long as he wants to make this country strong, must support the current political system, which is a non-negotiable reference point.

Anyone who secretly opposes and criticizes this political system under the banner of serving the country and the people is undermining the excellent situation of stability and prosperity in the Ming Dynasty. ”

In the end, Xu Buji emphasized again: "I still hope that you can remember Your Majesty's earnest teachings, the country belongs to the people, and our public power is based on the credibility of the people."

Therefore, no official is qualified to turn public weapons into private weapons and public rights into private rights, but those who do not understand this point and take measures beyond the limits have only one end, that is, get out! ”

Everyone stood up solemnly and bowed.

"The teachings of the elder pavilion, the lower officials and others will never dare to forget."