In the ninth year of the Republic of China, that is, after 1920 AD, when the governments of various countries relaxed their relations with China, Japan became Bengali. At the beginning of the new year, the Japanese government, while demanding that the League of Nations be bypassed and directly discuss the Shandong issue with China, would prevent the big banking groups formed by the United States, Britain, France, and Japan from investing in Northeast China, so as to facilitate Japan's overall control of Northeast China's finances.

The Shandong issue was the trigger of the May Fourth Movement, and the Chinese who had experienced this great ideological baptism have awakened and realized their own strength. Japan's so-called demand for a direct discussion of the Shandong issue with China is nothing more than relying on its thick muscles and not being willing to allow Britain and the United States and other countries to intervene to make it more difficult for itself. In order to gain the support of the Japanese, the Anhui government had already accepted the demands of the Japanese envoy Kohata in its entirety.

In this way, the people of Shandong were first dissatisfied.

Since New Year's Day, Jinan students have used various forms to oppose the weakness of the government: lectures, dramas, and leaflets, which have become more and more noisy. The government forced the students not to interfere in politics, and the Jinan police forbade the students to perform dramas, causing clashes and seriously injuring more than 10 students.

The next day, the teachers and staff of various schools in Jinan were indignant and stopped their duties, and the news came, and all provinces expressed their solidarity, and a new round of strikes, class boycotts, and strikes began to brew, and there was a discussion of "suppressing Japanese goods", but the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of China ordered all provinces to prohibit the suppression of Japanese goods.

Not only that, two days later, the Ministry of Communications signed a telecommunications loan contract with Japan's Toa Koko Co., Ltd., amounting to 15 million yuan, to show the Chinese Government's determination to make good relations with "friendly countries." When the news came, Zhang Hanqing first sent a telegram and resolutely opposed it, "If we do not go through strong resistance to this incorruptible and shameless government, we will definitely not go," and first set off a cry against the Anhui government.

The reason why it is so angry is that, apart from the Shandong issue, Japan has refused to allow Britain and the United States and other big banks to come to Northeast China, and in fact it has taken Northeast China as its own piece of meat and can eat whatever it wants. Their hands are stretched out too long, long enough to strangle the Northeast Autonomous Government in its cradle.

This is because the South Manchurian Railway and its branch lines, as well as its minerals and the Jilin ---- Huining, Zhengjiatun---- Taonan, Kaiyuan---- Jilin, Jilin---- Changchun, Changchun---- Taonan, Xinmintun---- Fengtian, Sipingjie---- Zhengjiatun and other railways were all built by the Japanese or borrowed or prepared to be borrowed from the Chinese government.

In addition, it also invalidates Zhang Hanqing's strategy of attracting foreign capital to reject Japan's strategy of "razing and destroying the country", and what is even more unacceptable is that the Japanese have nominal control over the northeast.

He said that if he can't enter, he can't enter, what does he think of the Northeast Autonomous Government? What do you think of China's sovereignty?

This is very infuriating, but with the current situation, it is helpless. Duan Qirui is facing the aggressiveness of his direct line, and he only has a backstage of the Japanese government to use, so it is inevitable that he will be a little weak in his requirements for the Japanese. Considering the rapid rise of the Feng system, China has formed a three-legged situation of straight, Anhui and Feng, and the weak branches and strong cadres are not the blessing of the country.

However, Zhang's father and son will not "understand" his suffering, and in any case, it is unforgivable to trade land and national sovereignty. Moreover, it is even more intolerable for the Japanese to extend their hands to the northeast by taking advantage of this.

After the Japanese army increased its troops in the Far East again, in order to reflect the presence of Japanese forces in Northeast China, on 10 March, Japan actually crossed the border to arrest Chinese in Jilin.

At this time, whether it was Zhang Zuolin or Zhang Hanqing, they all knew that although Feng was strong, it was far from being able to compete with the Japanese face to face. On the contrary, continuing to cultivate obscurity is the right solution, but this anger is really uncomfortable!

In the same way, the Russian government was also very uncomfortable. In order to avoid a direct conflict with the Japanese invaders and to defend against their continued expansion into the eastern part of Soviet Russia and to avoid fighting on both the eastern and western fronts, the Soviet government decided to establish a bourgeois republic in the Far East with the aim of acting as a "buffer" between Soviet Russia and Japan. Separating oneself from Japan and eliminating the pretext for Japan to send troops to Siberia is where the famous Far Eastern Republic was founded.

Fight together a piece of land, separate this demon from yourself, and do things with peace of mind. Thus, from the very beginning of its existence, the Far Eastern Republic was tasked with resisting Japanese aggression on the territory of Soviet Russia.

On April 6, 1920, according to the decision of the Russian government, the Congress of Workers of the Transbaikal Region was held in Ulan-Ude, and the establishment of an independent Far Eastern Republic was announced to the whole world, with its capital in Udinsk (Ulan-Ude), which was later moved to Chita.

The establishment of the Far Eastern Republic, although it had the character of a republic, did not conform to the aggressive plans of the Japanese imperialists. The main purpose of Japan was to preserve the governmentless and disorderly Far East, and to facilitate its appropriation of the Far East for itself. Therefore, it continued to incite and support the White Bandit Army and other anti-government forces to attack the Soviet government. With the support of Japan, on April 20 the White Bandits resisted the liberation of Chita by the Far Eastern Republic.

Don't look at dancing happily now, everything will have to be returned in the future. The Japanese Government would not have known that his jumping up and down in the Far East had already caused all sides to consider it a great calamity, and that a counterattack against Japan was taking shape.

The first to turn against the water were its former allies. The United States argued that Japan had violated an agreement signed prior to the Far East Intervention Force that the two countries would not "use this joint expedition or any event that may arise from it as an opportunity to occupy land." Now, Japan is clearly making a big fuss about the Temple Street incident. The United States opposed Japan's occupation of the northern part of Sakhalin and declared that it did not recognize the right of any country other than Russia to occupy the island.

Japan's refusal to withdraw its troops has also aroused the misgivings of Britain, France, and other countries, which are worried that Japan will monopolize the rights and interests of Eastern Siberia, and they have also demanded that Japan withdraw its troops. As a result, Japan began to be isolated internationally.

And the common enemy united the hearts of the Bong family with the Soviet Union and the Far Eastern Republics. Zhang Hanqing sent several groups of representatives to negotiate with the Soviet government and the Far Eastern Republics, expressing their firm support for their determination.

Because of the arms embargo imposed by the great powers on China, it is difficult for China to have a late-mover advantage on its own, because China's modern military has only just begun. If he can get the help of Soviet Russia, although his military industrial system is not advanced, and his weapons are a little backward compared with the European and American powers, he can't stand the big others, and they have a relatively complete system.

And at the same time, Soviet Russia also needed help, and this was the food that almost killed them.

Immediately after the establishment of the Soviet regime in 1917, there was a wartime food crisis, which turned into a famine in the coming spring. In May 1918 Lenin sent a telegram to all parts of the country: "There is no food. The red capital was on the verge of extinction due to famine...... In the name of the SSR, I ask you to support Petrograd without hesitation. ”

In order to maintain power and win internal and external wars, from the second half of 1918 to the spring of 1921, the Soviet Russian government implemented a "war communist policy", which included a ban on the sale of grain and the collection of surplus grain.

On January 11, 1919, the Council of People's Commissars of the USSR issued a decree requiring the peasants to pay their agricultural products in accordance with the figures set by the government, and to hand over all the surplus grain and part of the rations to support the Red Army and the workers. In order to implement the decree, the Russian government sent a collection of grain convoys carrying weapons to collect grain and agricultural products by military means. The conscription teams often collected the peasants' seed grains and the most basic rations, and suppressed or punished a considerable number of middle peasants and even poor peasants as rich peasants.

This provoked a detachment of the peasant strata from the Soviet power.

Although the policy of wartime communism was born out of emergency, it was once regarded by Lenin and other Soviet leaders as the only way to socialism. In January 1919, Lenin wrote in reply to the historian Nikolai Rozhkov: "... Instead of free trade and retreat, we should continue to advance towards socialism by improving state monopolies..."Lenin later strengthened this idea.

After the end of the Civil War, the wartime communist system continued. The expropriated countryside developed resistance to Soviet power and turned into non-cooperative action of unwillingness to grow grain or as little as possible, and deliberate reduction of arable land. Agriculture shrank sharply, and total cereal production in 1920 was halved from before the war, and cotton production was only 6% of the pre-war level. The food crisis that had begun in the spring of 1918 began to magnify, culminating in a famine that affected 17 provinces of the Soviet Union in 1921. The timing of the famine is still disputed. Russian scholars such as I.V. Kochetkov believe that "absolute hunger" lasted until 1925. Orlov Vladimirovich, PhD of Russian History, concluded that famine in some regions lasted the entire first decade of the Soviet regime.

Now that there were signs of this, the Supreme Presidium of the Soviets carefully considered the proposals from the Bong faction.

Judging from the experience of interacting with the Feng faction, this is a group with ideas, and strength. At the very beginning of the intervention in the Far East, this bloc was able to work against the Central Government, oppose the isolation of Soviet Russia, and have many contacts with the New Government, and also reached some mutually beneficial terms. Of course, its toughness is obvious to all, and Mokowei, Zhongdonglu, Hulunbuir, and Mongolia are all cutting flesh from the hearts of the Soviet and Russian governments.

But it is also a very trustworthy group, because it keeps its word and withstands heavy pressure not to make China a springboard for the intervention force to invade Russia. It was generally friendly to the Russian people, and although it housed many dissidents, it also forbade them to use the northeastern territory to oppose the new Russian Communist regime.

Now it is more powerful than ever, as the central government's envoy to the three eastern provinces and the envoy of Mongolia and Xinjiang, Zhang Zuolin legally controls all the Sino-Soviet border ports. This essentially shows that Sino-Soviet relations can actually be determined by the words of the Feng system.

The Bong Department was friendly to Soviet Russia. The young marshal of the Northeast spoke out on various occasions to normalize Sino-Soviet relations and encourage economic exchanges between China and the Soviet Union. According to the situation in China, the Anhui clique, which originally opposed the establishment of diplomatic relations with the new government of Soviet Russia, is likely to encounter a military conflict with the direct line of the other bloc at some point this summer, and the direct and Feng cliques have some common language, which indicates that the thaw in Sino-Soviet relations is very likely to be achieved.

Therefore, they were very optimistic about the barter proposed by the Feng department, and they decided to send a representative of Youlin to Feng to negotiate the specific details.