The military work "Outline for the Founding of the Feng Army", which was later regarded as the guideline of the People's Party and is also known as Zhang Hanqing's military thought, mainly absorbed a series of achievements of Mao Weiren's life, and also drew on the system formed by the Kuomintang, which is divided into:

The armed forces practice the principle of "three-three systems" at the regimental level and below. This is inspired by Mao Weiren's famous "Sanwan Adaptation", after all, triangles have stability. After the reorganization, all the main forces of the Feng Army were formed at the division level, and the division had two infantry brigades under its jurisdiction, as well as an artillery regiment, a cavalry regiment, an engineer battalion, a reconnaissance battalion, a communications battalion, a baggage battalion, and a special service company.

Each infantry battalion has three infantry companies (with 9 light machine guns), one heavy machine gun company (with 6 heavy machine guns), and one infantry gun platoon (with 2 infantry guns).

In addition to three infantry battalions, each regiment also has a small artillery company and a communications platoon. Of course, the artillery cannot do it at this stage, but everyone must work hard for this purpose in order to form the firepower superiority of the same division of the Feng Army over a division of the Beiyang Army in Guannai.

This brings the total number of integrated divisions to 14,000. In order to unify the establishment, in the future, the artillery regiments and cavalry regiments under the divisions... For example, the number of the artillery regiment of the 27th division is the 27th artillery regiment, and the number of the cavalry regiment of the 28th division is the 28th cavalry regiment...

In the future, if necessary, it is very easy to change the two-brigade and four-regiment system to the two-brigade and six-regiment system, with one additional regiment in each brigade as a recruit; It would be very easy if it was to be expanded, and on this basis, each brigade would send out another veteran corps to bring the old with the new, and it could easily become a three-brigade and nine-regiment system. Future officers will be seeded by officers of all ranks from the six divisions of the Feng Army.

Do Guards Divisions need to be numbered? There is no need, the Guards Division itself is a number.

As a garrison-level security brigade, it has implemented the "three-three system" since itself, and the brigade has directly administered artillery battalions and cavalry battalions, but the artillery here is also virtual. As with artillery units lacking mountain artillery, the establishment and manpower were planned, and each unit was given one or two cannons for daily training. In Zhang Hanqing's words, it should be "people waiting for equipment, not equipment waiting for people". The Shenyang Arsenal can't make artillery yet, but it will definitely be able to do it in the future.

An important achievement of the "Outline for the Founding of the Feng Army" was the implementation of the chief of staff system, which was fully used by Zhang Zuolin.

Previously, Zhang Hanqing spared no effort to promote the status of chief of staff, mainly to pave the way for Zhang Zuoxiang, who was then chief of staff. He only instinctively felt that the system of one division and two brigades had a certain risk to the division commander's control of the army, and had not yet risen to the level of establishing a modern military doctrine. His initial ascension to the posts of chief and deputy brigade chief of staff and regimental commander in the Guards Brigade was only a rehearsal for the promotion of the rank of Chief of Staff, and strictly speaking, the standard ranking order should be that of the regimental commander and brigade chief of staff, not the other way around. As for the deputy brigade commander, chief of staff and regimental commander, it is a joke in other armies.

From the Beiyang period to the period of the National Government, the duties and responsibilities of the chief of staff were as general as ever. For example, in the 1911 "Rules for the Duties of Personnel of the Division Headquarters Division" of the Qing Janissary Guard, the duties of the chief of staff were as follows: "The staff officer assists in the control and plans the aircraft maintenance." In the 1933 "Regulations on the Organization of the Headquarters of the Army Infantry Division" of the National Revolutionary Army, there was still only one sentence about the duties of the chief of staff: "Assist the division commander in planning confidential information and guide all affairs within the department." "During the period of the Eighth Division of the old army, the chief of staff mainly played the role of military assistant to the commander of the army or the guest of the curtain, and his duty was only to assist the commander in handling all military affairs, and he was not responsible for specific operational organs.

Therefore, in this era, if the chief of staff of an army is transferred to the brigade commander of a certain brigade, he will definitely have to hold a few tables of banquets and entertain guests, because it means that he will be reused. In other words, in most cases, although the chief of staff of the army is slightly equal to the brigade commander in rank, he is significantly lower in status than the brigade commander. And if the chief of staff of a certain army goes to become a division commander, then he will laugh out loud in his dreams, but such beautiful things can only exist in dreams, because it is difficult to find such examples in the old army. In other words, the chief of staff of the army is far lower than the division commander of the division to which he belongs, both in terms of class and status.

This can also understand why Zhang Zuolin always thought he was sorry for him when Zhang Zuoxiang was transferred from the commander of the 27th Division Artillery Regiment to the chief of staff of the division and the chief of staff of the Overseer Military Administration.

After the Kuomintang transplanted the staff system of the US military during the War of Liberation, the chief of staff was stipulated to be the main assistant to the commander of the troops, and the combat orders of the commanders of the troops could only take effect after being countersigned by the chief of staff, and the status of the chief of staff was undoubtedly promoted and guaranteed from the perspective of laws and regulations. However, most of this was a dead letter, and the Nationalist Army was basically unable to implement this system until it was defeated and fled Taiwan.

Zhang Hanqing decided to implement the changes ahead of schedule. During his time in the Guards Brigade, he had already placed operations and reconnaissance under his staff and elevated the chief of staff to the position of head of the unit. This is because the regulations on the military orders of the Guards Brigade stipulate that the brigade commander, the brigade chief of staff, and the director of the brigade political department shall decide on major military affairs in a centralized manner. Later, it was upgraded to the Guards Division and the 1st Division was expanded, and this regulation was inherited.

After Zhang Zuolin served as the patrol envoy of the three eastern provinces, he had a large number of overseers and division commanders, and how to effectively control the swelling army immediately became a major issue of life and death. Complete mastery of each unit, the energy is completely insufficient; But out-of-control Overseers and division commanders are prone to losing control of their own territory, and power cannot be controlled solely by loyalty. Zhang Zuolin himself is a warlord, but he doesn't want to create a new warlord in his hands.

At this time, Zhang Hanqing's chief of staff system effectively limited the power of the provincial overseers, because the military orders of the overseers required the countersignature of the chief of staff of the overseers. The chiefs of staff of the Overseers were appointed by Zhang Zuolin, and were under the direct command of the Chief of Staff of the Patrol Mission... Similarly, division commanders and brigade commanders are subject to their peers' chiefs of staff, who also report operationally to the Chief of Staff of the Overseer... The more constraints, the fewer thoughts that disturb the mind.

Another achievement of the "Outline for the Founding of the Feng Army" is the improvement of military discipline.

In the history of the Republic of China, in terms of military discipline, the Kuomintang party army was the best, Feng Yuxiang's Shaanxi army was second, Wu Peifu's direct army was also good, and the discipline of the Feng army was the worst (of course, the army led by Zhang Xueliang and Guo Songling was an exception). Therefore, in terms of combat effectiveness, it is not surprising that the Feng system, which has the advantage in numbers and equipment, has fallen behind in the two major wars of Zhifeng (of course, in the second Zhifeng War in history, Wu Peifu lost a shot in Feng Yuxiang's back, otherwise it is necessary to say whether the Feng army can win).

As far as Zhang Zuolin is concerned, he still very much hopes that the army will have the appearance of an army, and he is also strongly opposed to disturbing the people, but because the main source of the upper-level and middle-level officers of the Fengjun army is horse bandits, and the quality of the soldiers is also uneven, it is basically hopeless to achieve the idealized "civilized army." But with Zhang Hanqing here, everything is different. The feedback on the "three disciplines and eight points of attention" carried out by the Guards Division and the First Division was quite good, and in practice it was praised both internally and externally.

Zhang Zuolin did not avoid his relatives and ordered the whole army to carry it out. From the popularization of these regulations, the officers and men of Feng knew that they were the army of the people of Northeast China and that it was the duty of soldiers to protect their homes and defend the country. It has not only preliminarily solved the question of "who to fight for" of the soldiers, but also erected a positive image of the soldiers in society.

The control of the Guards Division and the First Division was Zhang Hanqing's taboo, and of course he began to carry out mature revisions, starting from top to bottom to describe the principle of unconditional subordination of soldiers to politics---- this article later evolved into "upholding the party's absolute leadership over the army", and later Zhang Hanqing simplified it to "insisting that the party command the gun, not the gun command the party".

It's time to put the military in the right place. With a unified establishment, it is not possible to let each unit do its own thing in a variety of ways, and it is also necessary to establish a commander-in-chief in the whole army, Zhang Zuolin accepted Zhang Hanqing's proposal to integrate the armies of the three eastern provinces and call it the Feng army.

There is no distinction between the provincial defense army, there is no distinction between the security army, and there is no distinction between the road protection army, everyone is a Fengjun.

Naturally, Zhang Zuolin is a well-deserved commander-in-chief of the Feng army. Under the command, there are eight divisions, namely, the chief of the general staff, secretaries, staff officers, adjutants, government affairs, education, ordnance, military doctors, and military justice. Improve the system of "military orders" and "training orders", and all the troops are under Zhang Zuolin's control. Wu Junsheng and Sun Liechen are deputy commanders, Zhang Zuoxiang is chief of general staff, and Zhang Hanqing is deputy chief of general staff and chief of staff. In order to reduce the disagreement of military orders and the confusion of personnel, the patrol embassy and the general headquarters of the Fengjun army implemented two sets of teams and one set of personnel.

Wu Junsheng has done his best in the battle to exterminate the bandits and beards, and has carried the black pot for Zhang Hanqing, and has also made great contributions to Zhang Zuolin to get Heilongjiang, and obeyed Zhang Zuolin and Zhang Hanqing's orders. Due to the previous and these two "black" contributions, as one of the founders of the old Feng Department (27th Division, 28th Division, and 29th Division), he was appointed as the deputy commander-in-chief of the Feng Army, which also established Wu Junsheng's status as a veteran of the Feng Department.

Not to mention Sun Liechen, he is completely Zhang Zuolin's spokesperson; Zhang Zuoxiang rose to the top due to the promotion of the status of chief of staff, and together with Wu and Sun, he formed a troika of the Feng department.

Zhang Hanqing also officially became the highest level of power in the Feng department because of his post as the general staff of the inspection embassy, and in addition, the status of "superintendent" of the Northeast Lecture and Wutang and deputy chief of general staff of the Feng army also added a lot of color to him. Of course, what made him not lose to the troika and become an independent pole was the fact that he was the chairman of the People's Party and had complete control over the two divisions.

As a result of the improvement in finances, the treatment of servicemen was able to increase significantly. In addition to receiving allowances, soldiers can also receive 10 acres of tax-free land in their places of origin during their enlistment, which greatly boosts morale. By the end of 1918, the 27th, 28th, and 29th divisions were equipped with divisional artillery regiments with a unified system, and the Guards Division, the 16th Division, and the 1st Division were equipped with divisional artillery battalions.