Chapter 231 A Planning of the Industrial System
Zhang Hanqing sometimes lamented that he was born to be busy, and he couldn't stop for a moment.
Before, it was easy to be a hostage in Beijing, but I was thinking about how to find opportunities in the crisis all day long; Later, it was the lecture hall and the guard brigade, and both sides did it desperately; Then there is the suppression of bandits, land reform, land reclamation, and making money, all of which need to be done with full energy. Now that everything is finally on track, he has a new idea on his desk.
Because of the success of the bandits, the Guards Brigade has shaken off the nickname of "student army" and has truly become an army that can stand on the table. Coupled with the unity of the officers and men of the Guards Brigade and their heartfelt love for the soldiers, this reputation made it very marketable among the young people of Mukden school, and after the war, it not only quickly replenished the casualties, but also added nearly 2,000 new soldiers.
According to many people's thoughts, the soldiers really can't afford to raise them. The Beiyang Army expanded from the original 6 towns to 18 divisions, and each province had less than one division, not because the country did not want to build it, but because it really couldn't afford it. Not to mention the purchase of equipment, it will cost 1.3 million yuan to raise a division in peacetime. Zhang Hanqing really scattered his family wealth for the Guard Brigade before, and he couldn't wait to take all the pants. Everyone knows that the military expenditure in the past few months has been sold by the dowry of the young marshal's wife.
The Guards Brigade also engaged in a lot of side jobs, but most of them were not in a hurry, and there was still a long time before the actual fruit picking. Therefore, when deciding whether these people should stay or go, not only Han Linchun, but even Guo Songling and Wang Yizhe suggested that the recruits be recruited later, although they were all eager to expand the Guards Brigade. But Zhang Hanqing still left everyone behind, he had his own plans.
What are the tools to wield power in troubled times? It's the army! In Mukden, what is the way to dramatically elevate your status? The answer is to raise soldiers! Encouraged by the victory and fame of the Guards Brigade, these "volunteer enlists" who came here are a notch better than those who are passive soldiers, and of course they are all treasures. It would be a great waste to abandon them like this.
Isn't it just money? Brother has money! This is not nonsense, Zhang Hanqing has really been drumming in his pocket in recent days, and Mi Chunlin, the money bag of the Guards Brigade and the Minister of Quartermastery, can testify.
Isn't Mi Chunlin the director of the Fengtian Land Resources and Development Bureau? How did you become the quartermaster again? Speaking of which, it seems that Zhang Hanqing is a step ahead. At the beginning, I knew that with the boom of industry and commerce in Fengtian, land as a scarce resource would sooner or later manifest its power. So, he recommended Mi Chunlin.
Let's not talk about whether Mi Chunlin has benefited the Guards Brigade openly and covertly, just because he succeeded in legalizing the 250,000 mu of wasteland reclaimed by the Guards Brigade is a huge fortune. Some of these lands have been really reclaimed, some have been confiscated and some have been obtained from unknown channels, in short, the total amount of 250,000 mu is only a lot more. Of these lands, except for 50,000 acres of breeding factories and some tuntians, the other 200,000 acres were later sold at a good price. In addition, Lao Zhang later gave Xiao Zhang 1 million with the loan from Daosheng Bank, so Zhang Hanqing became a nouveau riche!
When you don't have money, you can protect the Guards Brigade next to each other, and now that you have money, you don't have to ask what to do. With an order, the 4th New Regiment was established, and the sappers and baggage soldiers were expanded into regiments. Now in addition to the artillery and cavalry, which are battalion-level establishments, the Guards Brigade is already a real division-level scale!
Seeing that the young marshal had money, Han Linchun, Guo Songling and others began to be inauthentic again, and they instigated Zhang Hanqing to buy some artillery. After all, the embodiment of the army's combat effectiveness is in the artillery, and since it is already about to be questioned, it is necessary to completely put up the shelves without doing anything. As for the cavalry, the most important thing in the Northeast is horses!
Zhang Hanqing actually wanted to do the same, but he wisely refused in the end. It's true that there is money now, but every money has to be spent on a knife edge. A country's armed forces cannot live on buy-and-buy and buy, and the mark of true strength is the ability to build the weapons it needs. According to memory, there have been no major wars in the Northeast in recent years, so the limited money should be used for the development of industry and agriculture that can continuously provide blood for the future national power, rather than rushing for quick success and chasing the superficial power.
He took out 500,000 yuan for the deep processing of Benxi iron ore. Originally, the largest iron ore mine in Northeast China only had the capacity to process rough billets, and as for the steel used in the military, such as steel for bullets and shells, it could not be made.
Zhang Hanqing invested a huge amount of money in the name of the Guards Brigade and managed to buy machinery and equipment, thus gradually accumulating a certain amount of technology. The most important thing is that because of this investment, the quartermaster department of the Guards Brigade can justifiably "supervise" the production and sales of the Benxi iron ore. You know, since it is a factory and mine that is related to the rise and fall of national defense and industrial power, it is impossible for the Japanese to be indifferent to its expansion. Zhang Hanqing let the army meddle in the enterprise, and also solemnly stated to all parties: I cover this enterprise!
Extensive raw material production alone can not vigorously promote the progress of industry, if you want to make a breakthrough in industry, you must have fist products. In a word, it is a project that can produce something practical and accumulate experience for technological progress. According to the actual situation in Northeast China, Zhang Hanqing decided to launch a bicycle manufacturer. After all, the purchase of a machine tool is a sensitive event, but if it is used to produce civilian goods, it will be a little more deceptive.
Bicycles are a good place to start: cars, milling, planing, and grinding are all used, and bearings, rubber, and tires are all available. Technically, it's not particularly complicated; Again, technically, it is entirely possible to accumulate experience. Once the time is ripe, it can completely move from bicycle processing to other things: if you can process the car beam, you can make the gun barrel, if you can make bicycle tires, you can make car tires...
In fact, Zhang Hanqing is most concerned about cultivating skilled workers and management talents. What is the most important thing in the 21st century? Talent! In fact, in the twentieth century, talent is more important! Whether the country can rise and whether the industry can progress is in that short period of a few decades!
He knows that the cultivation of talents is not an overnight achievement, and he fully believes that it is definitely not a dream to lead the Feng Department to a higher stage in the future with the advantages of his own crossing, but whether he can let the country win this hard-won fifteen years (sorry, he always remembers 918, and always guards himself for the arrival of this day), so that the country can catch up with the gap with the great powers as soon as possible is his strong sense of mission. To this end, seize the day.
To say that at this time, although China was weaker than the West in terms of overall industrial strength, the West did not pull China down too much in terms of technical capabilities and enterprise management level. It was only about two years later that the "scientific management movement" represented by Taylor appeared in the United States, and the factory had a specialized division of labor and special management personnel; Hughhardt, Dodge, and Romigg, the founders of statistical quality management and statistical process control theory at Bell Labs, did create scientific and effective quality management techniques and methods in the 30s, but because of the capitalist economic crisis, only 10 companies adopted their methods, and it was not until 1940 that a full-time quality inspection department began to be established, which laid the foundation for the take-off of American industry after the war.
As Zhang Hanqing, who has crossed from a middle-level cadre in the factory a hundred years later to this time and space, these theories and experiences that are commonplace in later generations are at his fingertips. Although it is not advisable to directly apply the mature experience of later generations of development, some effective methods still need to be used in advance, such as industrial engineering, quality inspection, assembly lines, etc.
In view of the fact that the vast majority of ordinary people are illiterate and rely on the current situation that their skills are passed on by word of mouth between master and apprentice, Zhang Hanqing believes that the division of labor system is the only way to solve this problem. You don't need to know much or be familiar with all the bicycle manufacturing processes, as long as you are proficient in one thing, one thing, one point. In this way, it is easy to get started, the proficiency is easy to improve, and the yield and quality will naturally be much higher.
A few smart people are enough. There are many knowledgeable and literate people in the student army, and it is not difficult to find some people to take the lead. After instilling some basic modern enterprise management concepts, especially the idea of division of labor and cooperation, Zhang Hanqing and them divided the bicycle factory into six workshops, each workshop produced a certain or a few components, and finally an assembly workshop completed the production of finished products.
In this era, material life is extremely unrich, and products do not need gorgeous appearances, everything is for practical purposes. Like a bicycle, it is mainly a combination of several simple parts such as frame, wheels, bearings, chains, and cushions, and has little technical content in later generations. But in this era, in Zhang Hanqing's later words, Fei Lao worked hard.
For example, the frame seems simple, but it needs to be matched by countless enterprises: to build the frame, there must be a steel pipe factory, and a steel mill is needed to make a car frame;
In addition to the rim and beam, the most important thing is the inner and outer tires, which need to be matched by the rubber factory;
The machining of bearings is more complex and involves quite a lot of equipment: cold rolling machines, various grinding machines, annealing furnaces, quenching lines, lathes, milling machines... Domino effect.
However, Zhang Hanqing is still doing everything possible to buy one by one, and some equipment may be idle and uneconomical because of production capacity, but because it must not form a strong supply and demand market, it is still necessary to buy hard... The most important thing is that there are very few literate people, let alone the talent in coordination that he feels is very lacking. Although he is ashamed to think that if he is engaged in business management, he will definitely be the founder of various management theories at the genius level, but he is not interested in this.
Sometimes he wonders if it is a bit whimsical to reinvent Mukden, Northeast China, and even the whole of China by himself. At this time, should he use the limited funds to expand his own power or carry out industrial and commercial layout in advance, which is the right solution, so as not to make wedding clothes for others? But then he figured it out: the development of industry has its own laws, and it is necessary to lay a good foundation, and accumulation is the right way. It is his long-cherished wish to win the opportunity to squeeze into the ranks of the world's great powers for the country and the nation in advance, and gradually building an industrial development system is an important part of this long-cherished wish, and he will spare no effort as long as he has the opportunity.
So the investment in the bike factory seems significant, but it is not worth the cost compared to the 12 other factories that are used for it. This made Zhang Hanqing's finances, which had already improved greatly, even more strapped than before. Fortunately, after the opening of the Fengtian Farmers' Credit Cooperative, there was no problem for Xiao Zhang to save the emergency when using the money.