194 [Newspaper]
Since Huang E came to study, Li Wan, a laboratory assistant, has completely become a handyman serving tea and pouring water.
Prepare, clean up, and manage the experimental equipment, and Huang E will be able to do it alone. Sometimes there are not enough people, she also acts as an experiment recorder, and even gradually begins to help Wang Yuan do experiments, and Wang Yuan only needs to put forward ideas and direct the whole process.
Take today as an example, Wang Yuan has just come to the laboratory, and the required experimental equipment has been arranged, and Huang E is sitting there slowly studying ink.
"Little sister, it's early." Wang Yuan greeted with a smile.
The maid Xia Chan hurriedly answered: "It's not that we came early, it's that Bachelor Wang came too late, and it's already late at this moment." ”
Wang Yuan held two kittens in his arms and explained: "I haven't been active for a long time, so I got up this morning to practice and rode around the house again." ”
Huang E pursed his lips and smiled, moved his seat out of the way and said, "Master Wang, the ink has been studied." ”
Wang Yuan put down the two kittens and said to Huang E, "Thank you, little sister." ”
Huang E's heart was sweet, a little sister on the left, and a little sister on the right, calling her to the fullest.
"Wow, these two cats are so well-behaved, where did Master Wang pick them up?" Xia Chan was bored in the laboratory, and was completely attracted by the cat at the moment.
Wang Yuan said: "My own big cat gave birth." ”
Three heroes of civil engineering, two males and one female, have countless descendants.
From late winter to early summer, it is the estrus season for ocelots. When Wang Yuan took the civil engineering three jies outside the city, several female cats near Uncle Wang's house were already pregnant, and the female cats of the civil engineering three jieli were also pregnant.
The pregnant female cat, called Rebar.
gave birth to a total of five kittens, one for Uncle Wang, one for Gu Yingxiang and one for Yang Shen, and the remaining two were held by Wang Yuan to see the sky.
"Meow~~"
The master and servant squatted down one after another, each picking up a kitten, and the girl's love was overflowing in an instant.
Huang E touched the cat's ears and asked, "Master Wang, is this a raccoon cat?" The ears are so long, unlike what I've seen before. ”
Wang Yuan said: "Their father doesn't know who it is, their mother is a wild copper coin cat. ”
The cat was chatting here, and suddenly Yang Shen came to visit.
After Wang Yuan and Yang Shen hugged each other's fists, Huang E also saluted with Xia Chan: "Brother Yang family Wanfu!" ”
"Little sister is very polite."
Yang Shen said hello and handed Wang Yuan a booklet: "If you are false, please accept it!" ”
Wang Yuan took it casually, but it was the journal of the Lize Society, "Lize Collection", and it was made with wax paper engraving technology. He touched the printed text again, but it didn't fade much, and he immediately praised: "Good ink!" ”
Yang Shen said with a smile: "I tried more than 20 kinds of inks, and finally chose the most suitable one for wax printing. Moreover, the price of this ink is moderate, and the cost is not too high, and poor people can afford such publications. ”
"It's bothered to use Brother Repair." Wang Yuan was quite happy, since Yang Shen had selected the right ink, he didn't have to try it slowly.
Yang Shen was also very happy and said, "I should be thanked." With the wax paper engraving machine, in the future, "Lize Collection" can be published in half a year, not only to colleagues in the society, but also to other friends. It is to print hundreds of copies of it, and it doesn't take too much wax paper. For scholars, this thing can be called a masterpiece! ”
Wang Yuan sighed: "It's a pity that the wax paper is still too brittle, and it will break if you don't pay attention to it." ”
Yang Shen smiled: "Seal carving wax plate is a meticulous job. ”
This kind of wax paper engraving printing technology, because it is really convenient and trouble-free, first became popular in the yamen of the capital.
Don't think that the printing quality is too poor, and the imperial court yamen will dislike it and refuse to use it.
In the Song Dynasty, there was a wax engraving technique, that is, wax plates were used instead of wood boards to engage in alternative engraving printing. Not only is it easier to engrave, but after printing, the wax can be melted and re-engraved. It was even worse printed, often with illegible handwriting, but it was very popular among the Song Dynasty yamen.
Just because the larger the yamen, the more documents there are, and the traditional printing cost is too high, and it is too time-consuming for the officials to copy them.
Nowadays, the scribes of the various yamen in the capital simply love Wang Yuan to the bones, and the wax printing machine saves at least two-thirds of their office time! In particular, in the Di Bao Publishing Yamen, twenty or thirty people used to do work for a few days, but now one person can easily do it for half a day.
However, all departments that have wax printing machines, except for important documents that need to be archived, have all selected wax paper for printing, which leads to the shortage of officially produced wax paper.
There are already paper mills in the people, and they take over the business of producing wax paper, and they can seize the opportunity to make money.
When carving the wax plate, the officials are also very particular about it, and they find out the way in a short time. They know how to engrave along the iron plate lines, so that the handwriting becomes more natural and pleasing to the eye, and they invariably use "Songti characters".
In the real sense, the Song characters were originally shaped in the Ming Dynasty because of the engraving. Books using Song script were called "Song carved books" by the literati of the Ming Dynasty. This font is very suitable for carving knives, but also very suitable for iron pen engraving wax plates, seal engraving is trouble-free and the handwriting is clear.
Since there is a suitable ink, which can make the wax printing products fade not seriously, why can't you run a newspaper?
The title of the journal is "Acta Physica Sinica", and on the basis of "Journal of Physics", some content that is too difficult is deleted, and some news, operas, and jokes are added. This must be very marketable, not only to disseminate physical knowledge, but also to influence public opinion within a certain range.
Wang Yuan said to Yang Shen: "Brother Xiu, I want to run a newspaper, can I ask you for a few manuscripts?" Poetry, opera, and prose are all acceptable. ”
Yang Shen said with a smile: "The imperial court already has a newspaper, who will read the private newspaper?" ”
"There are always people who look at it," Wang Yuan said, "I want to run a newspaper and sell it to the public, so that the common people know that there is a physics study." ”
Yang Shen agreed: "Since it is sold to the people, then I will write a few loose songs." ”
Wang Yuan took out a piece of broken silver: "This is the posture of moistening the pen." ”
"Why do you have to do that?" Yang Shen did not accept it.
Wang Yuan said: "This is the rule. In the future, if someone submits, anyone who is hired will be given the resources to moisten the pen. ”
"Then I'll take it." Yang Shen didn't take it seriously.
Newspapers already existed in the Tang Dynasty and reached their peak in the Ming Dynasty, but they were all hand-copied newspapers. There are many names, such as Chaobao, Beijing Daily, Tang Daily, Pai Bao, Di Bao, Urgent Election Newspaper, Daily Newspaper Copy, etc., these newspapers are collectively called "Di Bao", and the main audience is officials and officials.
For example, Chen Xinjia died because of newspapers in history.
At that time, Hong Chengchou was captured, Zu Dashou surrendered, Li Zicheng captured Luoyang, Zhang Xianzhong successfully broke through, the Ming Dynasty was in internal and external difficulties, and Emperor Chongzhen asked Chen Xinjia to negotiate peace with the Manchus.
But this peace negotiation was carried out in secret, and Emperor Chongzhen issued dozens of edicts to Chen Xinjia, saying that they must be kept strictly secret each time. One day, after Chen Xinjia read the emperor's edict, he put it on several cases, and the family boy mistakenly thought it was the Di newspaper, so he took it and copied it.
Hundreds of officials were in an uproar and advised impeachment. In order to get rid of the pot, Emperor Chongzhen actually cut Chen Xinjia, saying that the peace was none of his business.
Why did Chen Xinjia's family boy quietly copy the newspaper?
To make money!
Di Bao was sent by the imperial court to officials and officials in the world, and if the folk intellectuals wanted to know about the major events in the world, and the businessmen wanted to know the current situation in various places, they had to spend money to buy them from the families of the officials.
The Ming Dynasty newspaper was only technologically backward, and it was all copied by hand. But looking at its content, it can be described as wonderful, and it is not inferior to the news newspapers of later generations.
For example, in the Red Pill case, Ni Yuanlu, who was an official in other places, could clearly understand the situation in the court by reading a lot of Di Bao, and knew that this was a fierce struggle between the Donglin Party and the Cui Wei Party.
Another example is the Wang Gong factory bombing case, which was recorded by newspapers at the time: "...... Suddenly, there was a big earthquake, the sky collapsed, it was as dark as night, and the ten thousand rooms were flat. From Shunchengmen Street in the east, to Xingbu Street in the north, it is three or four miles long, and it is thirteen miles around, all of which are powder...... Heads of people flew down in the air on Chang'an Street, or eyebrows and noses, or even a forehead, one after another...... There is a big stone lion on Shifu Horse Street, weighing 5,000 catties, and hundreds of people do not move, flying out of the city gate from the air......"
It's written in great detail, and Nima is flying down in the air, which makes people panic when they read it.
After making a decision, Wang Yuan immediately wrote a newspaper plan.
There is definitely no way to run a daily newspaper, so let's make a ten-day newspaper, which will be published once every ten days. The sections are tentatively set as: Current Affairs, News, Poetry, Prose, Opera, Mathematics, and Physics.
The imperial court did not prohibit the people from knowing the current affairs, and the reason why the newspaper was only distributed to officials was purely because the government was too lazy to copy so many copies. As long as Wang Yuan does not leak the information in advance and extracts the current affairs that have been publicized in the Di Bao for printing, he will not take any political risks.
The news has also been mainly reported, and for the time being, only the disaster in such and such a place, the presence of anti-thieves in such and such a place, and the skyrocketing price of rice in a certain place are published. When there are more people who submit articles or report news, they can publish some short social news from parents.
Other sections are the best to do, such as mathematics and physics, which can be provided by the Physics Society. The literary pages were provided by officials or scholars, and as long as the newspaper made an influence, those scholars were willing to pay money in order to publish their works.
When Wang Yuan finished writing the newspaper plan, Huang Eguan was full of interest and asked, "Bachelor Wang, can I submit under a pseudonym?" ”
"Absolutely." Wang Yuan said with a smile.
Huang E thought casually: "Then I will be called the Bright Layman." ”
Huang E, the word Xiumei, is from Sichuan. So Emeishan turned into a pen name, Emeishan is also known as Daguang Mountain, of course she is a bright layman.
Wang Yuan suddenly remembered the story he had told Grandpa Mu before, and said with a smile: "Little sister, there is a folk rumor of a female ghost in Guizhou, you might as well tell it, you can write it and print it in the newspaper." ”
"Okay." Huang E is very happy to cooperate with Wang Yuan and is eager to try it.
Wang Yuan immediately began to speak, but as soon as he said a paragraph, Huang E raised an objection: "'Lanruo' is the elegant name of a Buddhist temple, how can there be a temple called 'Lanruo Temple' in the world?" ”
Wang Yuan didn't know anything about Buddhist scriptures, and was speechless when asked, so he could only say nonsense: "Maybe it's a false rumor, you can just give the Buddhist temple a name." ”
Huang E asked, "Which Buddha in Guizhou has the most incense?" ”
"Medicine Buddha." Wang Yuan replied.
Huang E said: "Then call it Liuli Temple." ”
Wang Yuan smiled: "Yes." ”