The eyes are closed.

Slowly opening his eyes, Richard saw that he was already in outer space, surrounded by many bright stars.

As soon as the thought moved, the stars flew closer, and his body fell towards one of the planets.

There is an ocean on the planet, an island on the ocean, a forest on the island, and an imposing conjoined library in the forest. In a short time, he had entered the library and sat in a purple hall inside the library.

In the middle of the hall were numerous mahogany bookshelves more than three meters high, which were filled with books, and a stone statue of a turtle with a long neck took a heavy book from the bookshelf and placed it in front of him.

Reaching out to open it, he saw what it was about - the technology to make the atomic bomb (1).

The construction of the atomic bomb is difficult to say, and easy to say.

When the first atomic bomb was built, it took years for the most powerful nation on earth to use all the technology it had, hundreds of thousands of people at its disposal, and a large number of the world's top scientists to participate.

Before its success, the atomic bomb was undoubtedly the world's most high-end creation.

But as soon as the atomic bomb was built, it began to fall from the clouds, and the top-notch technology became an outdated theoretical basis, and the difficulty changed from extremely high to very low, and almost anyone could repeat it. This is mainly because when the first atomic bomb was made, everyone did not know whether it would succeed, and a lot of energy and material resources were invested in trial and error and verification to study whether this road could be passed.

Once the road is determined to be passable, then in an instant all the obstacles on the road are no longer obstacles, at most some small stones, and the unattainable technology has become a craft that ordinary mechanics can handle, and the difficulty has changed from the previous unimaginable to plummeting to nothing more than that.

That's the power of science.

At the beginning, the breakthrough was hellish difficult, but after the breakthrough, it became a smooth road. What was once a result of a collection of top scientists can be replicated with a few physics-educated students at a university and with completely open knowledge on the premise that they have enough raw materials.

This is not a metaphor, but a fact.

The first country on earth to build an atomic bomb really tested it in this way, and then it knew that it was impossible for atomic bomb technology to be completely blocked, and the only thing that could be blocked was the raw materials at most.

Technology is like this, you don't need to know what it is, you just need to know whether it can be realized.

Therefore, the creation of the atomic bomb is both difficult and easy, the difficult thing is the beginning, and the easy thing is the whole after the beginning.

According to the principle, the key to the manufacture of the atomic bomb lies in the critical mass problem.

Unlike conventional bombs, conventional bombs do not have critical mass problems, and the number of explosives is not limited, and you can reload as much as you want. However, the atomic bomb does not work, and once the nuclear material in the atomic bomb reaches a critical mass, or even exceeds the critical mass, it will be in a dangerous state that may occur at any time.

In order to prevent accidents such as nuclear weapons from exploding before they are used, it is necessary to ensure that the nuclear materials filled inside the atomic bomb are below the critical mass, that is, in the state of subcritical mass, when they are stored.

When it is actually put into use, it is necessary to make the nuclear materials filled inside, and it must reach a situation that exceeds the critical mass in a very short time, that is, a supercritical state. In this way, we can ensure that the number of free neutrons in the process of fission chain reaction can be increased to the standard, and the nuclear raw materials can be used efficiently to release the expected destructive destructive power.

An atomic bomb can only be considered a qualified atomic bomb if it solves the problem of "leaping" the critical mass.

In order to solve this problem, it is necessary to know that the critical mass is related to the geometry and physical density of nuclear raw materials. A piece of supercritical nuclear material, divided into multiple pieces, becomes subcritical, or increases its volume and decreases its density, it will also become subcritical.

What the atomic bomb specifically needs to do is to divide the nuclear materials in the bomb body into several pieces, and when used, several pieces of nuclear materials can be instantly accumulated together through internal devices to reach supercriticality, and then provide a neutron source to activate a continuous nuclear chain reaction to produce a nuclear explosion.

One of the most important words is fast.

It has to be fast, it has to be very fast.

Because the time for the nuclear explosion to occur is very short, it is necessary to ensure that the detonation is extremely fast, otherwise the bomb body will be blown up by the explosion before it is completely detonated, wasting the remaining precious nuclear materials.

Generally speaking, the detonation should be completed within one ten-thousandth of a second, and the time difference between different nuclear materials and squeezed together should be shortened to several million seconds, so that there will be no large difference in the explosion of the atomic bomb.

If this can be done, then the atomic bomb will complete its mission in three tremors, unleashing a mushroom cloud of destruction.

Tremor is a term coined when the first atomic bomb was built, and a tremor is only one hundred-millionth of a second, and the light can only cover a distance of three meters during this time.

Three tremors, just nine meters in a vacuum, and one atomic bomb completes everything from start to finish.

It's as short as that.

It's short to the extreme, that's why the power is terrifying to the extreme.

......

The manufacture of a qualified internal device of an atomic bomb involves a variety of knowledge such as detonation physics, fluid mechanics, shock wave dynamics, and high-temperature and high-pressure condensed matter physics.

Generally, this internal device is composed of five parts: the detonation control system, high-energy explosives, the reflective layer, the nuclear components containing nuclear materials, and the neutron source.

The detonation control system is responsible for detonating the layer of high-energy explosives, and then uses the impact force of the explosion to push and squeeze the reflective layer and nuclear components to bring the nuclear material to a supercritical state. The neutron source then provides the neutrons for "ignition", allowing the nuclear material to begin a continuous nuclear chain reaction that successfully triggers a nuclear explosion.

Normally, there are two main types of internal devices: gun-type and implosion-type.

The internal device of the gun type is relatively simple, and generally only two pieces of subcritical mass nuclear material are required.

The whole device looks like a cylinder, or an iron pipe. In the middle of the iron pipe, there is a neutron source, and at each end of the iron pipe, a hemispherical nucleus material will be placed - the plane is inward, and the sphere is outward.

The outer sphere of the hemispherical nucleus material is wrapped with a reflective layer that reflects neutrons (used to reflect neutrons and improve the efficiency of continuous nuclear chain reaction), and then high-speed explosives, explosives, detonators, and detonators are installed outside the reflective layer.

Once the device is activated, under the power of the explosive explosion, the two hemispherical nucleus materials will move towards the center, collide in a very short time, and squeeze into a flat spherical shape, reaching a supercritical state. At this time, the neutron source will release a large number of neutrons, causing a continuous nuclear chain reaction of the nuclear material and triggering a nuclear explosion.

The advantage of this device is that the technical content is relatively low and it is easy to manufacture, and the disadvantage is that the utilization rate of nuclear raw materials is also low. Because when the supercritical state is reached, the nuclear material is not excessively squeezed, which is the normal density. In other words, the atoms are not dense enough, it's like suddenly pushing two students in a team of 100 people on the playground together, although they meet the standard, but they only meet the standard, and the continuous nuclear chain reaction is not fast enough.

On earth, the first atomic bomb used by a certain large country in actual combat was such a gun device. Because of the simplicity of the technology, it was not even a nuclear test and was used directly. The effect is impressive, the nuclear material is filled up to 64 kilograms, the utilization rate is only 1.2% - yes, 1.2%, the remaining 98.8% is wasted, and the TNT power equivalent is only 15,000 tons.

Note (1): All the technical knowledge involved in the manufacture of atomic bombs in this article comes from the official website of the China Academy of Engineering Physics, Wikipedia and other public information on the Internet, as well as published books such as "Shocking Nuclear Network".

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