Liu Pei struggled to figure out if there was an example of the opposite. However, his knowledge reserve is indeed very lacking, and he has not been able to find any usable evidence. But suddenly he had an idea and said: "But we have 56 ethnic groups in China, and don't we live together quite harmoniously now?" ”

After hearing this, Professor Yuan laughed a few times and said, "What you said is too one-sided. That's right, there are 56 nationalities in our country. However, the Juche culture of the vast majority of ethnic groups has been replaced by the Juche culture of the Han nation. In other words, although they may still retain the characteristics of their own nation in terms of dress, they are already a Han in thought! Although we indicate the difference of ethnicity on the ID card, in fact, many nationalities can be regarded as one nation! That's the Han people! And before that, it wasn't like that. ”

"I don't really understand, Uncle Yuan, can you elaborate on it?" Liu Pei said.

Professor Yuan put on a comfortable posture and prepared to give a lecture. On the one hand, Professor Yuan's occupational disease is a prisoner, and if someone asks him, he wants to answer it seriously; The other party also wanted to relieve Liu Pei and divert his attention.

Professor Yuan said, "Of course. So I'll talk about it briefly. Let me take two ethnic groups as examples, the Mongols and the Manchus. At that time, the Mongols entered the Central Plains and positioned the Han people as fourth-class people. This is the typical overpowering of one nation over another. At that time, the Han paid a huge price to drive out the Mongols, and the Mongols have been in decline ever since. ”

Liu Peijie interjected: "I know this! Zhu Yuanzhang revolted, killing the Tartars on the night of the full moon! Then he inaugurated the Ming Dynasty. ”

"That's right." Professor Yuan nodded and said, "This is the representative of the rise of one nation, which must come at the cost of the decline of another nation. The Mongols rose up, and they founded the Mongol Empire; The Han Chinese, on the other hand, declined and became a fourth-class class of people who were not much stronger than slaves. Later, when the Han became stronger, they drove the Mongols away. Since then, the Mongols have been in a slump. Until now, the Mongols have had no chance to rise! ”

"And what about the Manchus?" Liu Pei pondered and said, "The Manchus have ruled China for nearly 300 years, and they have been very successful! ”

"Did they really succeed?" Professor Yuan asked meaningfully.

"Of course it worked!" Liu Pei retorted loudly: "When the Qing Dynasty fell to the country, how many old and young people cried and grabbed the land to restore the country? What is not a success? ”

Professor Yuan smiled proudly and said, "From this aspect, the Manchu Qing Dynasty has indeed succeeded!" But the Manchus' success in ruling China came at the cost of a full acceptance of Han Chinese Confucianism. Take Kangxi as an example, this master of writing forced the Manchus to learn Han culture, replacing the Jurchen tribal dialect, which laid the foundation of the Qing Dynasty for more than 200 years. So, they have quietly become Han Chinese! ”

Liu Pei thought for a long time and said, "It seems that this is really the case." ”

Before the rise of the Manchu Qing Dynasty, the Manchu Qing Dynasty fought against the Ming Dynasty, and at that time, all the attention was paid to beheading. It was the soldiers who took the severed heads as evidence. You know, the appearance of a human head after it is cut off must be different from what it looks like on a living person.

Officials in the rear need to check whether the credit is true according to the head. They could tell the difference between the two peoples by the heads of the dead, let alone the living. This shows that there is a big difference between the two peoples in physiognomy! But what about now? If a Manchu doesn't show you his ID card, can you confirm that he is a Manchu?

I have a Manchu friend, a true descendant of Aixin Jueluo. Normally, his life is completely different from everyone else's. Until one day the company needed an ID card to do things, and when everyone handed in their ID cards, I knew that his real surname was Aixin Jueluo!

That's where assimilation comes in. Only the culture of the Han nationality has such a great inclusive effect. For example, the reform of Emperor Xiaowen of the Northern Wei Dynasty, the strong Xianbei nation was silently integrated into the big family of China.

But Liu Pei has his own little secrets in his heart. He continued the topic of Professor Yuan and said, "Then after the fall of the Ming Dynasty, if the Manchu Qing did not accept Confucian culture, then could he still enter the Central Plains?" ”

Professor Yuan thought for a moment and said, "This is a big topic. There are quite a few issues to be studied. But I personally think that they will be like the Mongols who will be in the Central Plains for a short time, and then they will still be driven out very quickly. However, in this case, the price paid by the Han Chinese will be higher than in history. ”

Liu Pei asked: "Uncle Yuan, I am not very familiar with the history of the Ming Dynasty. I just want to ask, when the Manchus entered the Central Plains, how many Han people were killed? ”

This question made Professor Yuan think for a long time before he said: "According to historical records, the population of the Ming Dynasty in the last years was about 120 million to 180 million. However, in the late Ming Dynasty, natural disasters, plagues, diseases, wars, etc., led to the death of a large number of people, so the population of the Qing army when it entered the customs should be between 100 million and 150 million. It took more than thirty-nine years for the Qing army's mass murder to end. Later, in the twenty-first year of the Qing Shengzu Kangxi after the Manchu Qing Dynasty controlled the country, that is, in 1682 AD, the 48th year after the Qing army entered the customs, the population of the country was only 20 million. In the fiftieth year of Kangxi, that is, in 1711, the number of people in the country was only about 25 million, and the total population at that time should be about 60 million. Even in the early Qing Dynasty, there was the same phenomenon of population concealment, and there were still a small number of fugitives hiding in the mountains and forests, and it is estimated that after the Manchu Qing Dynasty entered the customs, the population decreased, and the ultra-conservative estimate was at least 50 million people. ”

"So much?" Liu Pei said in surprise.

"That's right! It's actually much more than that! Professor Yuan nodded heavily and said, "My estimate is still a conservative estimate. If we consider the factor of population birth, then, after the Manchu Qing Dynasty entered the customs, the total loss of the Chinese population is likely to be a figure that greatly exceeds 50 million deaths, and the largest may exceed 100 million! ”

Liu Pei listened and fell silent again. Seeing that Liu Pei was silent again, Professor Yuan explained him and said, "But these things have passed after all. I think this time you were stimulated by seeing something bad abroad. But you don't have to worry so much about foreign affairs. At the moment, it is most important for you to take care of your body. ”

Liu Pei nodded silently. That's when the nurse came in and chased people away. Professor Yuan instructed Liu Pei to recuperate well and come to see him in a few days. And then he left.

Professor Yuan left, but Liu Pei, who was lying on the bed, couldn't sleep. After talking so much with Professor Yuan, I received a lot of information! And the impact on Liu Pei is also very big!

He thought about a lot of things that night. Especially the touch of blood that I saw. It never disappeared from Liu Pei's eyes.