Economic development and military reform, backed by state power, are all money-burning tricks. But at this time, the people's livelihood is withered and all industries are waiting to be prosperous, where does the Fengtian military government find money? With great difficulty, he repaid the Japanese loan he had borrowed for the increase of the 10 battalions, and the financial revenue was barely enough for daily expenses. Feng Delin of the 28th Division did not allow the Guards Brigade to occupy Fengtian's finances, and Zhang Hanqing also said that he would "take responsibility for his own profits and losses." Now is the time to see the truth.

The team of nearly 10,000 people had to eat, get paid, and dress, and they couldn't do it without money. Feeding pigs and chickens and engaging in side jobs can solve the problem of food and clothing, but it is not the original intention of establishing this army. It is not good to compete with the Japanese for power, and it is not good to always rely on opportunism, that is real kung fu and rely on strength. Even Zhu Yuanzhang knows the truth of "building a high wall and accumulating grain", and if he wants to make a difference in this era, economic strength comes first. In a word, in the *** era, it is not oil that burns in war, but money.

In Zhang Hanqing's thinking, an increase in the gross national product does not necessarily lead to an increase in the country's strength and status. The reason is very simple: in the late Qing Dynasty, China's GDP was the largest in the world, and it was still defeated and reparated repeatedly!

In 1936, before the outbreak of the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression, China's GDP was much higher than that of Japan, about 1.9 to 2.8 times that of Japan, but both the Japanese government, the Chinese government, and Western observers believed that Japan was significantly stronger than China.

In modern times, the status of a great power was established by war. The sectors of the economy most closely related to the war were industry and transportation.

The book The Rise and Fall of Great Powers argues that economic aggregates are not of much significance in themselves, and that "the material output of hundreds of millions of peasants can dwarf the output of 5 million workers, but since most of their production is consumed, it is far from being possible to form surplus wealth or a decisive military strike force." Britain was strong in 1850, and it was strong in its possession of modern, wealth-creating industry and all the benefits that arise from it." In a war, whether or not the country can produce enough munitions and deliver them to the front line in a timely manner is an important factor in determining the outcome of the war. This is also in line with Grandpa Mao's military strategy of "concentrating superior forces and focusing on striking at the enemy."

By heart, China's small-scale peasant economy has long been conducive to domination. Throughout Chinese history, as long as the peasants had land to grow and were able to live a self-sufficient life, the change of dynasties became almost impossible. Zhang Hanqing, who has been popularizing Marxist political economy education from middle school to master's degree, can more deeply understand the meaning of "agriculture seeks stability, industry develops, and commerce becomes rich" after returning to the past.

China is too poor. While Chinese farmers were still struggling for a little food ration with their backs to the loess, in the United States, radio was popularized, as well as the world's largest number of cars and the world's largest use of tractors. Whether it is a representative of the electronics industry or a pillar of the machinery industry, the United States has left China behind.

There is too little arable land in China, or too little land available to Chinese peasants because of monopolies and land annexation.

In the early years of the Republic of China, the phenomenon of land annexation in Northeast China was very serious. In rural areas, it is often the case that a tunzi field is occupied by a family or a few large landlords. The landless peasants were either long-term laborers and were exploited by their employers, or they had the opportunity to move to the cities and become factory workers, or some simply went into the mountains to become bandits, doing some business without capital. And once there is a disagreement, they will return to their homes to work as farmers or directly change from bandits to soldiers, and then repeat the cycle. This is also an important reason why bandits in the Northeast were prevalent during the Republic of China and repeated prohibitions.

Is there any way to deal with these bandits once and for all? Zhang Hanqing naturally thought of the party's practice of ruling in later generations: divide the land and fight the local tyrants! In fact, this practice has been very successful and history has proven time and again. Think about the peasant uprisings in China since Chen Sheng and Wu Guang, all of which were tempted by "dividing grain and land" to know how high the status of that little land has in the hearts of the Chinese people!

In fact, as long as there is something to eat, how many people are really willing to be bandits? Because the land was concentrated in the hands of the landlords, they formed the ruling basis of the central and even local governments. The landlords endlessly squeezed the surplus labor value of the long-term laborers, some of whom would be drunk and squandered again, and contributed very little to the progress of the country except to increase the factors of social instability. At the beginning of the founding of the former Soviet Union, the control of the economy was obtained by peaceful redemption, and later before and after the founding of the People's Republic of China, it used armed struggle to seize land from the landlords. However, it is impossible for Zhang Hanqing to use forcible methods to confiscate the land, which will immediately plunge him and his father's government into a chaotic situation, and without a strong political party and a corresponding educated human base to complete the drastic action of fighting big households---- what if the fight falls? Who will govern?

However, the military government of Mukden was not able to buy these fields and distribute them to the landless peasants, as the Soviet Union did in later generations. All they have is a gun! Zhang Hanqing naturally remembered the famous saying "power comes out of the barrel of a gun". Yes, with this thing, it's not up to the government to decide how to do it!

Some of the more enlightened landlords are the wealth of Northeast China, and many of them brought their families to the eastern part of the country because ----of poverty, and they earned their hard-won family business today by blood, sweat, and wisdom, and the Northeast is about to carry out large-scale economic construction, and a large number of such talents are needed to liberate themselves from the land and give full play to their potential talents. The government should guide rather than forcibly nationalize and then engage in a big pot of rice, which is actually a huge waste of resources and a new injustice.

Like the "big eaters" of later generations, they could recruit a large number of landless or landless peasants to join them, and the so-called revolutionary success would be achieved in a short period of time, but its sequelae would not be realized until decades later when its hindering effect on the productive forces was discovered. Later, the "household contract responsibility system" was a large-scale revision of this policy.

The government must not contribute money, because there is no money, but the government must have money. It seems like an endless loop.

The peasants must get a share of the land, and this is the foundation for gaining a foothold in the northeast. But a loose, comfortable, and autonomous rural life has no immediate effect on the growth of national strength, and the current situation is that the vast majority of peasants have no land or little land.

What to do?

After thinking about it for a long time since the time traveled, Zhang Hanqing gradually formed an idea: the government used the method of "arrears" to forcibly buy the surplus land of the landlords, distribute it to the landless or landless peasants, and repay the principal within a certain period of time (his expectation was 10 or 20 years). What he wants now is to concentrate the forces of the whole Fengtian and the whole Northeast in the future: human, financial, and material resources, and build dozens or even hundreds of large-scale and extra-large factories and mines monopolized by the government, so as to complete the primitive accumulation of industry! This is a bit of a reference to the "agriculture to supplement labor" of later generations, which was comprehensively quoted in the early days of the founding of the former Soviet Union and in China after the founding of the People's Republic of China; although it is a bit cruel, it is the best way for the backward and poor country to embark on the road of modernization as soon as possible. Imagine the take-off of Japan's economy after the war, how much credit belongs to the chaebols directly funded by the government---- Panasonic, Nippon Electric, Toyota..., South Korea can squeeze into the ranks of industrial powers in a corner of East Asia, and it is also inseparable from Hyundai, Kia, Samsung, Daewoo, which are known as the four pillars of South Korea's industry...

What if the big landowners don't agree? Tax! Based on 10 mu per capita, it is a weak tax, and 1 out of 10 is drawn; After that, one file was set up every ten acres, and the tax was increased by 50% compared with the previous stage. In accordance with the method of personal income adjustment tax in later generations, Zhang Hanqing established the land income adjustment tax.

On the contrary, the landlords who take the initiative to "lease" the land to the government will begin to receive a certain amount of interest after five years---- when the government should have money, and it should not be a problem to repay this interest. To put it bluntly, this method is to eat food and borrow money for development, but from the perspective of economics, it is feasible.

It doesn't matter if you are unwilling to pay the government on credit, you can also give creditors another choice, that is, to convert all or part of the government's arrears into shares and invest them in the construction of industrial enterprises and mines invested by the government. You can get annual interest in the form of loans, or you can use shares to become one of the shareholders of the company. This is equivalent to using the government to borrow private capital to complete industrial development, and in this way, the idle resources of society can be greatly mobilized and marketized to the greatest extent, which is called expanded reproduction in economic terms.

Compared with the state-planned economic system of China in the Mao era, there is no doubt that the market economy system under the strong support of the state realized by Japan and South Korea is more superior, which is also the main reason for the rise of the Asian Tigers. However, compared with the general weak government intervention model in Western countries, as a latecomer country, their government has given more consideration to strategic issues such as the layout and sequence of industrial development, and has been much more deeply involved in the economy. For example, after the war, in order to get out of the predicament as soon as possible, the Japanese government first formulated a leaning economic policy, and South Korea followed, first meeting the needs of basic industries such as iron and steel and coal mines, and solving the bottleneck problem of economic development, and then formulating a national economic doubling plan in a timely manner--- similar to China's five-year plan, guiding the industry to make large-scale investment in the key heavy chemical industry and electronics industry and giving full support. This policy has made South Korea achieve remarkable results in the "Four Little Tigers".

In any case, the foundation of Japan and South Korea after the war is good, unlike China, where the industry is basically zero, and a limited number of clubs were established by the Japanese. Even so, the situation in the Northeast is much better than in Guannai, in a word, the rest of China is poorer and more backward.

Zhang Hanqing has the intention to build a complete economic system from scratch, but at present, he has a very profound understanding of the meaning of "liberating China's peasants is liberating China's productive forces and liberating China." The source of funds for the development of industry must be obtained from agriculture, and the task of emancipating the peasants begins with land reform.

After obtaining Zhang Zuolin's permission, surrounded by a group of think tanks, Zhang Hanqing entered the Xinmin area in the northern part of Fengfeng Province as the crown prince to carry out the famous "Xinmin Land Reform" pilot project in history. These new measures he was about to take, and the subsequent "disarmament" and party building, the new and old high-level leaders of the Fengjun watched with suspicion and caution, but his actions were rarely hindered.