Looking at Yuan Shikai's later failures, historians have expressed their own opinions. However, it is indisputable that after his death, the leaders of his various armies divided China into their own spheres of influence, which led to another round of warlord strife in China. In the decade leading up to 1926, these warlords almost always ignored the government of the Republic of China, which nominally ruled the country in Beijing, and fought among themselves for turf, squandering the best money the Beiyang warlords had ever had since they became a family. When the industrial economy could not provide for its huge military expenditures, they brutally plundered the countryside in order to obtain tax revenues, dragging China into a state of barbaric anarchic turmoil, making the early years of the Republic of China one of the worst periods in Chinese history. While the Western powers were advancing in stride, China stagnated, and since then it has lagged behind for decades in modern history, and China has been in a state of collapse.

Several factors explain this tragic outcome over the decades of the reaction to the West. First, China's vast size has left Chinese mainland untouched by its dealings with the West for many years. The interior is the equivalent of a huge repository from which tradition-oriented civil service candidates have been produced for decades. Their bureaucratic class consisted of intellectuals who were concentrating on the Confucian classics, and as a result, they emphasized ethical principles more than manual skills or the techniques of warfare. This ruling class is further constrained by the fact that with the exception of Chen Buddhism, China has little or no tradition of borrowing from foreign countries. It is not surprising, then, that while China did change in the second half of the 19th century, it did so at a much slower pace than other countries that reacted to the West.

However, the bureaucracy cannot be left solely responsible for China's failure. Young, Western-educated Chinese are also partly responsible. Some of them, although they played a major role in the early years of the Republic, tried to establish in China something exactly like the one they had observed and learned from abroad, especially from the United States. The system they established naturally made no sense to the Chinese people, and soon collapsed in the face of China's political reality.

An American authority vividly described the failure of these unsophisticated politicians: "The imitation of the American republican form of government established in China in 1911 is ridiculous. …… That republican form of government was a great failure because it had no roots in Chinese history, traditions, political experiences, institutions, nature, beliefs, concepts, or habits. It is foreign, empty, attached to China. It is quickly removed over time. It does not represent political thought, just a caricature of political thought, a caricature of a crude, naïve, schoolboy. …… This republican form of government ended tragically, that is, failed miserably. However, it was not the republican form of government that failed...... It's a generation."

Yes, from a modern perspective, if we look at the politics of the early Republic of China, especially the political situation after the political strongman Yuan Shikai, we will find that the entire central government is like a plate of scattered sand, and no one has absolute influence and restraint. If it is a powerful country, like the modern United States, this separation is a good thing, and it can effectively prevent one from becoming the dominant power, so as to bind each other in the day-to-day conduct of national affairs. But in a country that is torn apart by internal and external troubles, this kind of fragmentation is very dangerous. Europe, the United States, and Japan are racing to find their proxies in China, which will allow China to continue to slide into the abyss of semi-colonies and collapse.

After Yuan Shikai, who had been emperor for 83 days, died, China restored the old system of the original Republic of China. Who will be the president in this case? It is impossible to invite Sun Yat-sen back, because it is the original Beiyang warlords who control the military and political power of the entire Republic of China. In this case, they could not have been willing to invite Sun Yat-sen. At this time, Li Yuanhong took advantage of the chaos to run out of Yingtai and settled in Dongchang Hutong in Beijing.

According to the "Constitution of the Republic of China" at that time, the president was going to die, and the vice president should take over, and it should be Li Yuanhong. Therefore, the most famous Duan Qirui was pushed by the crowd to come to Dongchang Hutong to invite Li Yuanhong.

It is said that the person who held the most power at that time was Duan Qirui, who had military power and administrative power, and was in charge of the State Council. Some people say, why is Duan Qirui not the president at this time? At this time, Duan Qirui also knew that if he wanted to stand up and become president, he would become the target of public criticism, and those who disobeyed him would twist into a rope to fight him, and he would not be able to stop him if he committed public anger. After all, Lao Yuan's bones are not cold, and he knows that his subordinates who are loyal to Lao Yuan do not count Lao Yuan's death on their heads, to say that as a former follower, he is more strongly opposed to Lao Yuan.

So Duan Qirui thought, I have to find a puppet to be the president. Who to look for, there is no more suitable than Li Yuanhong.

Although this "Brother Hong" has the merits of Wuchang's "first righteousness", he lacks confidence in the Central Committee, his camp is in Hubei, and the Kuomintang has disrupted the grassroots level. Just let him be the president, and if he didn't let himself rub himself round, why should he stick to his honorary status?

Feng Guozhang, one of the other well-known "Three Heroes of Beiyang" and General Xuanwu, also wisely did not make a bird. When Congress elected him vice president, he did not want to lose his territory, so he took office in Jiangsu, and still served as the overseer of Jiangsu. As in the old Yuan era, the position of "remote collar".

One stone stirs up a thousand waves. The chaos inside the customs has also been affected outside the customs area. As the saying goes, there are no tigers in the mountains, and the monkeys are the overlords. Feng Delin just wants to take advantage of the chaos in the world and take the opportunity to make a big fuss, but no one cares, right? And the crying child has milk to eat, and now the situation is unknown, in order to stabilize the situation outside the border, I wonder if someone will hand an olive branch to him.

Since Beijing could not control the affairs of Fengtian, Feng Delin put forward an ultimatum to Zhang Zuolin, and replied on the same day, and Zhang then asked his brother Wu Junsheng to come forward to ease the situation. Wu Junsheng said a lot of good things to Feng, but he lost a lot of money, and Feng Nai put forward three last and minimum conditions: (1) the employment administration needs to be agreed; (2) The military and political expenses of Fengtian shall not exceed the budget, and shall be handled in coordination as a last resort; (3) Zhang Zuolin personally led all the officers above the battalion commander level of the 27th Division to the office of the 28th Division to formally apologize.

If this is the case, Zhang Zuolin's personnel power will be constrained, and Feng Delin's hand will naturally reach out of Beizhen and become the governor who is not the governor; The monopoly of financial power has also been divided, and it is naturally unjustifiable to fund the Guards Brigade again. "Coordinated handling", Feng Delin naturally had to bargain over the expansion of the military expenses of the seven battalions; The chief officer apologized to his deputy, and there was no need to talk about losing face.

Zhang Hanqing was naturally angry, he sneered and asked Zhang Zuolin: "People and financial power are divided in half, and my father, the general, is not worthy of his name; Moreover, Feng Delin has never been involved in government affairs, and now his father has also regressed in civil affairs, but he is afraid that Feng Delin's desire will be difficult to fill and he will have to make inches. In my opinion, I simply rejected him neatly. Move the knife and the gun, we are not afraid of him. ”

Zhang Zuolin smiled bitterly: "Do you think Lao Tzu doesn't want to?" The surname Feng deliberately made me and make trouble, and it was a good time to choose. Lao Yuan has returned to heaven, and the world is in chaos all of a sudden, no matter who succeeds to the throne, he does not want the world to be in chaos. If I completely turn my face with him at this time, and I can't beat him, the surname Feng will be able to stand on his own immediately. If the two of us make a fuss, I am afraid that in order to calm people's hearts, the central government is very likely to let the surname Feng serve as the commander of Rehe. Rehe Dutong Jiang Gui is old, and I am confident that I will take Rehe. But if the surname Feng is the commander, his soldiers are strong and strong, and I am afraid that the victory or defeat will be in the number of five or five. So no matter what, I can only endure it. ”

He understands Feng's personality, this person kicks his nose in the face, his bargaining can't be bargained, the more he bargains, the higher the bargain. If you want to compromise, you must immediately agree to Feng's harsh conditions. On June 11, Zhang Zuolin smiled wryly and led his senior officers to the office of the 28th Division to apologize to Feng and agree to all of Feng's conditions. This trip made Lao Feng feel calm, he also greeted him with a smile, and invited Wu Xingquan and Ma Longtan, two town guards, to accompany Zhang Zuolin to fork a few rounds of mahjong, and everyone played for a while haha.

A few days later, the Shanghai newspapers published the scene of his apology to Feng, and he was so angry that he could not go out for several days, ordered the arrest of the interviewer and began to check the post and telecommunications. "Damn, it's too much of a bully!" Zhang Zuolin was arrogant, and he felt that this trip was a big shame.

Zhang needs to really cooperate with Feng, and Feng is cooperating with Zhang fake. Soon after this apparent reconciliation, Feng Delin detained all the county police chiefs assigned by Lao Zhang in his defense area, and demanded that they confess how many red envelopes they had spent to buy vacancies, and he claimed that he would settle accounts with Lao Zhang, and said that this was a means used by Zhang Zuolin to deal with Duan Zhigui in the past and force him to step down, and Feng Delin is now treating him in his own way. Then, he sent another telegram and led the officers and men of the whole army to resign. I don't know if it is because of his high level or because he has capable people under his hands, but this telegram is written with sound and content: "Zhang Du is extremely wise and can honestly rectify the military. The officers and soldiers of the Lin Department are all subordinate to the subordinates, and it is advisable to retreat to the virtuous road. ”

The resignation of the martial artist by telegram was a method of retreating as advance at that time, and Feng Delin led the resignation of the whole army this time, which was a creation in the resignation of the martial artist. Under the continuous loss and yin, Zhang Zuolin really couldn't stand it, so he personally sent Zhang Hanqing to solemnly negotiate with Feng Delin.

Before acting, Zhang Han ruthlessly had to give his father the truth, and he came this time to try to gain Feng Delin's understanding, as for the conditions, it is still necessary to maintain the ---- Lao Zhang has made enough concessions last time, and he really can't back down anymore, otherwise, the general will give him well!

After half a year, Zhang Hanqing entered Feng Delin's home again, and the unhappiness in Beijing has gradually subsided. At the door of the house, Feng Delin still didn't put up a shelf for his children and nephews, after all, Zhang and Feng had changed the stickers. At that time, Feng Yong and another middle-aged general were present, and Zhang and Feng greeted each other after a while.

On behalf of his father, Zhang Hanqing said: "Uncle, Xueliang is here, it was my father who asked my uncle for advice." The uncle asked for the supervision of personnel and finances, and the father had agreed and informed the officials of the Fengtian Provincial Government; For all the unhappiness before, my father also apologized to my uncle in person. I don't know if a few days later, the uncle suddenly changed his mind again, and my father wanted to know, what happened to the uncle? ”

Rao is Feng Delin is thick-skinned, and he is still a little embarrassed in front of Zhang Hanqing.