West of the city, the royal residence.

The laboratory now has a plaque called "Gewutang". There is another large hall, which was named "Zhizhi Hall" by Wang Yuan.

Yang Shen hasn't been here much recently, and after he learned the basic knowledge points, he likes to study alone at home, and only comes to communicate with Wang Yuan on the day of Xiu Mu.

Du Jin and Bao Chaozhen have returned from Tianjin to check the accounts, and Wang Wensu rarely asks for leave to attend the class.

In addition to Wang Yuan's own students, there are more than 30 Guozi prisoners and Shuntianfu bachelors at this moment, all of whom are gathered in the Wang family's "Zhizhi Hall".

This was Wang Yuan's first lecture in the true sense of the word, and he said:

"Confucianism has eight eyes, Gewu, Zhizhi, sincerity, righteousness, self-cultivation, Qi family, governing the country, and leveling the world."

"Zhu Ziyun: Those who are physical are everywhere. Those who know are endless, and the knowledge of my heart is endless! ”

"That's why I named this discipline 'physics', just like Zhu Zi said, the so-called Gewu is that physics exists between heaven and earth and is everywhere. Through observation, hypothesis, experimentation, demonstration, etc., we can truly study things and thus understand physics. If you know physics, you will be able to know and reach the state of 'my heart's knowledge is endless'! ”

"Zhu Ziyun: If you know everything, you can get it and do it; If the meaning is real, the heart can be obtained and right. We study physics through the study of things, so that we can gain knowledge, so that we can be sincere, and we can be righteous. ”

"Only when the heart is right, can we cultivate ourselves, work together, govern the country, and level the world!"

"Therefore, our study of physics is not a side road, but a road of Confucian knowledge!"

"The way of the university is in Mingmingde, in being close to the people, and in stopping at perfection. Zhu Ziyun: Those who are enlightened and virtuous, what people get from heaven is heaven, and those who are illusory are not ignorant, and those who respond to all things with the reason of all things are also ...... We study physics, and we know from things, which is what Zhu Zi said about the people who have obtained from the sky, the void and the spirit, and those who have the reason to respond to all things. ”

"What is Physics? It is Zhu Zi's cloud, with all the reason and all things! ”

Wang Yuan opened his mouth to say "Zhu Zi", but he still closed his mouth as "Zhu Zi", completely regarded Zhu Xi as a tool man, and tampered with Zhu Xi's annotations beyond recognition.

But Wang Yuan's way of understanding does not affect the imperial examination, because he does not change a word about the Four Books and Five Classics and Zhu Xi's annotations! He only added a set of methodologies on the basis of Cheng Zhuli's philosophy, and he didn't bother to care about the resulting academic division.

Wang Yangming and Zhan Ruoshui's mental studies, why can they attract countless scholars in the middle of the Ming Dynasty?

Just because there is a problem with Cheng Zhulixue's methodology, Wang Yangming and Zhan Ruoshui each proposed a set of methodology!

The audience of nearly forty people in front of me had regarded physics as a trivial, just as poetry, music, and medicine were treated. But when he heard Wang Yuan's words, the door to a new world was opened in an instant—it turned out that learning from things was so simple!

Zhu Xi said that people should know everything by nature, but it is only because their souls are polluted that they appear ignorant and stupid. Saints are not polluted and are therefore born to know. Ordinary people need to work hard and train through the set advocated by Confucianism in order to restore their original colors and gradually approach themselves to being saints.

The question is how to exercise?

Use the character of a gentleman to be strict with yourself, and you can understand the truth of the world? If you meditate and cultivate your mind, you will be able to learn from things?

As long as the brain is not stupid to read and read, you know that there is a problem.

So, Wang Yangming said that there is nothing outside the heart, and the heart is reason. Everyone is born with a conscience, but the conscience is blinded, if you can find your conscience, you can correctly understand the affairs of the world, so as to reach the realm of saints.

This seems to be similar to Zhu Xi, but Wang Yangming said that knowledge and action must be combined. Knowing but not doing is false knowing, doing without knowing is false virtue, and knowing and doing are mutually reinforcing. In this way, the loopholes are filled, at least the scholars can have a direction, unlike Cheng Zhu Lixue who doesn't even give directions.

Although Zhan Ruoshui's Baisha Mind also starts from the "heart", it believes that there are things outside the heart, and that we must recognize the principles of heaven everywhere, use the objects to understand the principles of heaven, and use benevolence (similar to conscience) to achieve all this.

Wang Yuan is more simple and direct, don't ask what is Gewu, ask is to do physics experiments!

More than 30 students listened to it with fascination and suddenly became enlightened, and a few stood up on the spot to respectfully bow to Wang Yuan.

Xiao Mingfeng, the disciple Wang Yangming had just received, couldn't help frowning and said, "Master Wang, Mr. said 'the heart has no external objects'." You are also a disciple of the husband, why are you full of things outside your heart? According to your statement, it is more like Baisha Xinxue than Mr. Wangmen's Xinxue. ”

Wang Yuan said with a smile: "In my opinion, there is nothing outside the heart, and the heart is not bound by external things. When we study physics, we must also adhere to the idea of 'there is nothing outside the mind', and we must not be confused by any established thinking and daily phenomena. For example, the moon seems to be a round and bright thing, and with a telescope, you can see that the surface of the moon is pitted. The moon is a thing, and the potholes on the surface of the moon are the reason, and we should use the correct method, put aside the established concept, and correctly understand the reason that belongs to the moon. ”

If Uncle Wang knew that his "nothing outside his heart" was so misinterpreted, he was afraid that he would not carry a knife to chase and kill Wang Yuan a few streets.

Xiao Mingfeng had just apprenticed for a short time, and he hadn't learned the elite of Wangmen's Xinxue, but he was speechless by Wang Yuan, and he didn't know how to refute it at all.

Liu Chuxiu, a prison student from Shaanxi, stood up, clasped his fists and saluted: "Bachelor Wang, what you say is just a dead thing." And what Zhu Zi said, there are living things, as well as virtues such as benevolence, righteousness, courtesy, wisdom and filial piety. What you just said is too biased and narrow. ”

When all the beings heard it, they all felt reasonable, waiting to hear how Wang Yuan explained.

How could Wang Yuan leave such a big loophole, he smiled and said: "The Confucian Eight Eyes are gradual. Gewu and Zhizhi are the foundation, and then there are sincerity, righteousness, and self-cultivation, and the living things and virtues you are talking about are all things that come after Gewu Zhizhi. ”

Liu Chuxiu asked again: "Bachelor Wang's parabolic test is a grid, can the parabolic object come to such a heavenly principle as honoring his parents?" ”

Wang Yuan smiled and said, "This friend, I recommend you to listen to Mr. Yangming's lecture. Mr. Yang Ming believes that filial piety to one's parents is both a natural principle and a conscience, and there is no need to learn to know it. ”

Liu Chuxiu also asked: "That is to say, Bachelor Wang's physics can indeed only be used for dead things?" ”

Wang Yuan shook his head and said, "Of course not." Man is a living creature, so why do man need to drink water? Why do I need to sleep? Why do you dream? Why get sick? These truths can be slowly realized, but we haven't found a way yet. My theory of things just can't be based on natural principles such as emotion and morality. ”

"So, Bachelor Wang's physics is still flawed." Liu Chuxiu said.

Wang Yuan explained: "I named it physics, and it itself focuses on things. I come from the study of mind, and this set of physics is just a supplement to the study of mind. If you can learn the mind well and learn physics well, then you can grasp the principles of the world! ”

"I see, teachable!" Liu Chuxiu said.

Xu Jingsong, a prisoner from Liaodong, asked: "Master Wang, even if you know what the moon looks like and how the wheel works, what use will it be for people?" ”

"It's useful!"

Wang Yuan said: "Using the knowledge of physics, my disciple has improved the five-spindle spinning wheel, if this spinning wheel is implemented in the world, it can benefit hundreds of people and accumulate more wealth for the Ming Dynasty." Using the knowledge of physics, you can also rely on the principle of levers to calculate the parabolic trajectory of the return cannon and the artillery, so that the Ming soldiers can fire the cannon more accurately when fighting. Using the knowledge of physics, it can also be better built and promoted, so that the people can avoid drought and flood. Using the knowledge of physics, we can study how to increase the yield of the acres of land so that the people of the world can have enough to eat. Physics, you say, is it useless? ”

Xu Jingsong was convinced: "It really works." ”

Gu Gao, a supervisor from Henan, suddenly raised the bar: "What Bachelor Wang said is a hundred works. When we scholars read the books of the sages, do we learn from things just to become craftsmen? ”

Wang Yuan asked rhetorically: "Can you write?" ”

Gu Gaole said: "Bachelor Wang said that he laughed, I am a prisoner, how can I not write?" ”

Wang Yuan asked again: "Do you know that some people make a living by selling words?" ”

Gu Gao said disdainfully: "People who sell words for a living, Sven sweeps the floor." ”

Wang Yuan said: "Hundreds of workers are like the people who sell words, and you and I study physics, we are like people who make words, how can we be confused with hundreds of workers!" If the Suiren clan didn't drill wood to make fire, you and I would still be drinking blood at the moment. Drilling wood for fire is physics. We are all flints, not firesmiths who make slaves to others! ”

Gu Gao was speechless, but he always felt that something was wrong.

Wang Yuan also said: "If any of you and me can use the knowledge of physics to make the farmland in the world yield ten stones per mu. Will you be ridiculed as a hundred workers? Will it be considered a farmer? Not only not, but you can even be born holy, die as gods, and receive incense offerings from generation to generation! ”

This parable immediately speaks of all beings, yes, we are laborers, and we are laborers, how can we be confused?

Someone raised the bar and said, "How can there be a thing in the world that produces ten stones per mu?" ”

Wang Yuan said with a smile: "Today's paddy fields, most of them produce four stones and five stones per mu, can they produce so much in the Qin and Han dynasties?" If we study the principles of agriculture, even if we can't produce ten stones per mu, can we produce six stones per mu? Seven stones per mu can be yes? The yield of seven stones per mu will increase the world's grain production by one-third, and it can feed one-third more people. How many displaced people can be reduced? If there are fewer displaced people, there will be fewer rebels, and how many lives will they live? The day of the Ming Dynasty is coming! ”

"Well said!" Some cheered loudly, and all living beings cheered.

Of course, there are also those who are not convinced, and always regard physics as the way of a hundred works. The reason why they continued to learn from Wang Yuan was just to use Wang Yuan's identity.

After all, Wang Yuan is a bachelor of the Hanlin Academy, and Wang Yuan may serve as the same examiner in the Shuntianfu Township Examination next year and the National Entrance Examination the year after next, or even the chief examiner of the Township Examination!

In any case, from today onwards, Wang Yuan's scholarship has a positioning, and he belongs to the physical school of Wangmen's psychology!

It's just that although Wang Yuan worships Wang Yangming as his ancestor, Wang Yangming does not admit that the physics school belongs to the sect of mind.