Chapter 386: Tang Nu Wu Liang Hai
After consolidating the northern territories, the "Anmeng Army" first had to eliminate the remnants of Tsarist Russia entrenched in the Tangnu-Ulianghai Sea, so as to give a clear signal to the Soviet Russian government and prevent them from having the opportunity to penetrate again.
If the place is settled, troops will be stationed here again, so that this piece of land that the Chinese dream of will forever return to the king, which is the wish of Zhang Hanqing in his previous life and the sadness of countless Chinese.
Tangnu Ulianghai was originally a part of Outer Mongolia, its distribution area is roughly located in the upper reaches of the Yenisei River in the south of Siberia, located in the northwest of Outer Mongolia, south of Siberia, north of the East and West Sayan Mountains, south of Tangnu Mountain, is located in the narrow strip between the two mountains, the distance from north to south is 420 kilometers, the distance from east to west is 630 kilometers, the total area is nearly 200,000 square kilometers, the shape is gourd-shaped.
Sayan Ridge is the boundary mountain between Tangnu Ulianghai and Siberia, geographically, it is the northern edge of the Mongolian Plateau, and the word "Ling" of Lingbei Province, one of the eleven provinces in the Yuan Dynasty, refers to the Sayan Mountains.
Tuva is an ancient place name. This place belonged to the Turkic Khanate in the 6th ~ 8th century, and was later annihilated by the Hui. In the 9th century, the Kyrgyz drove out the Hui again. In the 13th century, Genghis Khan occupied this place, and then it belonged to China from then on, and in 1819 it was ruled by the Manchurians, and the Qing Dynasty called Tangnu Wulianghai, and set up 48 leaders, and was divided into the Dingbian Zuo Deputy General of Uriya Sutai in Outer Mongolia, the Great Living Buddha of Jebtsundamba and Zasaktu, and Sanyin Nuoyan.
From 1860 to 1911, Tsarist Russia colonized Tangnu Ulianghai in the name of "exploration" and "mining", bringing in a large number of Russian immigrants and developing the economy for Tangnu Ulianghai. In the third year of Tongzhi, China and Russia signed the "Tacheng Treaty" (that is, the "Sino-Russian Treaty on the Survey and Demarcation of the Northwest Boundary"), and the land of the ten territories in the northwest of Tangnu Wulianghai was cut off. In 1912, Tsarist Russia took advantage of Outer Mongolia's attempt to become independent and directly annexed the Tangnu-Ulianghai Sea, so it was included in the Russian protectorate in 1914.
On December 28, 1916, as Russia was busy with the First World War, the Republic of China decided to resume the exercise of sovereignty over the region by appointing Commissioner Uriya Sudesa, who was also in charge of the affairs of the Tangnu-Ulianghai Sea. Between 1918 and 1919, Tsarist Russia was reunited by the Soviet Union
The party was overthrown, and the Republic of China sent troops to expel the remnants of Tsarist Russia entrenched in the Tangnu-Ulianghai area, and took the opportunity to take back the Tangnu-Ulianghai.
However, with the loss of control of the Mongols, the more remote Tangnu Ulianghai was no longer able to carry out effective management, so that in 1920, most of the Tangnu Ulianghai was quietly incorporated into the Soviet Union and the Republic of Tuva was established in 1944.
The Tuvans are a branch of the Mongol ethnic group, and their origins are mainly in two aspects, one is Tiele - Turkic, and the other is Xianbei - Mongolian. The Yuan and Ming dynasties called the Uliangha people, and the Qing Dynasty translated it as "Wulianghai", which is also another source of the Tuvan people. Later, they migrated to the Tangnu-Ulianghai region and were renamed Tuva or Tuwa, so some people say that they are the descendants of soldiers left over from Genghis Khan's western expedition.
Another view is that the Tuvans belonged to a branch of the Turkic people, and the evidence includes that the Tuvan language was recognized as belonging to the Turkic language group rather than the Mongolian language family, and was similarly assimilated by the Mongols, as evidenced by their habit of drinking milk tea and milk wine.
The Tuvans are divided into two types, one is the pastoralists of the mountain-plains (Western Tuvans) and the deer hunters of the alpine forests (Eastern Tuvans). They lived the way they used to: salt selling, nomadism, herding and hunting were their traditional occupations. Since the 17th century, the Tuvans have been under the influence of a growing Russian culture. The traditional social structure of the Tuvans is based on the clan system, and their traditional religious beliefs are a mixture of Yellow Religion and Lamaism, so they are mainly Lamaists and shamanic believers, and Tibetan Buddhism has a deep influence.
Its capital, Kizil, located at the confluence of the Lesser and Lesser Yenisei rivers, was inhabited by a large number of Tuvans for a long time, but it was only formally formed in 1914, and after the Soviet occupation in 1926, it was changed to Kizil, which means "red". Due to the long and tall West and East Sayan Mountains to the north, it was geographically more southern, but it was still the northernmost city in the entire region, with a population of about 60,000 at the time.
The population of the entire Tangnu Ulianghai is about 200,000, and most of the inhabitants are concentrated in basins and river valleys between the mountains. Due to mass immigration, about half of the population is Russian, and they are mainly concentrated in the capital city of Kizil. In addition to the Tuvans, there are five or six thousand Komi and Khakassians.
If not at this time, when will the feat of liberating the entire territory of Mongolia be completed? Therefore, Zhang Hanqing left Guo Songling in Kulen to carry out political, military, and economic reforms, and personally led the main force of Zhang Chengde's cavalry brigade and a regiment of the special operations brigade led by Ji Yiqiao to march west along the Orkhon River, cross the Kusugul Lake, defeat the remnants of Tsarist Russia in Kizil, and quickly recover the 36 leaders in the central and eastern regions. Since the Soviet Russian army in the north was fighting against the White Russian army, the defense here was empty, and the cavalry brigade waved its troops to the northwest, without much resistance, and easily restored the territory of the northwest Shizuo territory after a few days.
Originally, there were a few rogues, and there was no need for the young marshal to personally lead the troops, and they were heavy soldiers. Zhang Hanqing has another meaning: they all say that the bitter cold land of Saibei, and in his previous life, he said that Tangnu Wulianghai was a barren land on the domestic website, and he was a little unconvinced: Lao Maozi is such a shrewd nation, will he have to rely on this so-called "barren land" regardless of life or death? Looking at the Far East, Sakhalin, the shores of Lake Baikal and Lake Issyk-Kul and Lake Balkhash, where is not too good to be a good place?
Of course, the young marshal has another important task: that is, to personally meet with Gao Jiyi, director of the "Fengqing Bureau" who is still in Mobei, to discuss the major event that can bring great impetus to the development of the Fengqi department. It's just that this matter is still in top secret, and the generals, including Zhang Chengde, don't know about it. They really thought that the young marshal wanted to visit the feng shui of northern Xinjiang in person, so that they could make a big splash in propaganda and leave a name in history.
From the south to the north, everywhere you go, the customs of Asia and Europe are clearly recognizable from the residence: the traditional residence has a felt dome tent, which is used by various tribes in the steppe; There are also cone-shaped bark tents, which are the usual accommodation of Siberian residents.
The locals, who have worked here for generations, are extremely indifferent to the concepts of "king" and "government". Anyway, when the Mongols came, they listened to the Mongols, when the Cossacks came, and when the Manchus came, they listened to the Manchus. Due to the lack of information, many people still stuck in the understanding that the country was Manchu. They watched the officers and men of the cavalry brigade as if they were looking at the scenery, and they were surprised that these Han people, who had no braids, were very impressed by the neat military horses: they were also good at horse training, and their ancestors did not have such a skill except for such a strong horse that the Cossack cavalry had seen when they invaded the place.
These Tuvans wearing Mongolian robes and boots made Zhang Hanqing sad. Who would have known that in a few years, these compatriots, who have the same habits as Mongolians, and whose staple food is dairy products, beef and mutton, and pasta, will forever break away from China's embrace?
Now this place theoretically belongs to the territory of the Republic of China, and the local government institutions formed by the Tuvans and Russians still exercise administrative power with the silver seal of "Wulianghai Left Wing Left Banner Zasak" issued in the seventh year of the Republic of China. Therefore, Zhang Hanqing took over the administrative power as a matter of course and established the Tangnu Ulianghai Administrative Region under the Mongolian Provincial Government, and the administrative office was still located in Kizil.
The Tsarist Russians have already verified Zhang Hanqing here. According to the local government's report, Tangnu Ulianghai is mainly agricultural, but it also contains rich mineral deposits: non-ferrous metals, rare earths, stone coal, asbestos, iron ore, gold, mercury and various building materials. Most of the rivers flow through the mountains, so they are rich in hydraulics, and there are more than 50 carbonate-containing hot springs.
After on-the-spot research, Zhang Hanqing took Kizil as the central area---- which is a long and narrow tributary along the headwaters of the Yeseni River, where almost the entire region is divided into two halves in the north and south, and the whole region is divided into four basic economic zones:
In the west, there are two main settlements of Taili and Kmuzik Ulianghaiqi and Shizuo territory in the northwest. Geographically located in the West Sayan Mountains, the northern slope is a dense forest, with countless spruce, cedar, fir, etc., which are of great use for the infrastructure, transportation, and development of the paper industry in the Tangnu area.
Spruce is an excellent raw material for the manufacture of pulp and all wood fibers; Cedar is an important building material because the wood is light and soft, and the resin is not easy to get wet. Because the wood is straight, easy to cut, and has no hidden defects, fir can be used as electric poles, sleepers, buildings, bridges, musical instruments and gliders, and is a good raw material for papermaking.
From west to east, in the middle of the gourd, in a narrow place, is the city of Kizil at the confluence of the Great and Lesser Yenisei rivers. It is the most densely populated area, including Kizil, Akdovulak and Chaidan.
The southern part of the country, which has many rivers and can be used as an important agricultural and livestock area and the construction of hydroelectric power plants, is home to two major settlements over time: Naryn and Zinkerik.
The Northeast is suitable for timber processing, deer hunting and fishing, and has an important stronghold: Tuomian Wuliang Haiqi.
Along the way, there are barren mountains and deserts, not a single sapling can be seen, and suddenly I saw so many dense trees and countless winding rivers with sufficient water flow here, and I couldn't help but sigh with emotion: I am still old and shrewd! There is water, soil and resources, and then move some people here, compared to the dry and barren Outer Mongolia on the surface, this can be regarded as a paradise on earth!
As long as it was given some basic equipment, it could be a system of its own, and it did not need to rely on the provincial capital Kulun City to give it much help: with its population of 200,000 and its unique resources, it was only a matter of time before it was built into a place in the south of the Yangtze River.
He secretly made up his mind that this Tangnu Wulianghai could not only be defeated, but also defended well. As long as the narrow geography in the middle of the Sayan Mountains is held, the passage from Siberia can be effectively blocked. The huge Mongolia will only serve as a strategic buffer for Chinese mainland. Defending the Tangnu Ulianghai is like a sharp knife inserted in the heart of Russia, and when China becomes strong in the future, will Soviet Russia also carve out a piece of land on their territory as their strategic buffer?
According to Zhang Hanqing's order, Tangnu Ulianghai officially became a second-level unit under the jurisdiction of Mongolia, and was officially established as a city, and the municipal government was still in Kizil. The South Tangnu City was built with Taili in the southwest as the center, the North Tangnu City was built with the Kemuzik Ulianghai Banner as the center, and a new military city was built in the Shizuo Territory in the northwest of the West Sayan Mountains, which was the Sayan City. The three cities are built along the river in a straight line, and will be the administrative and economic center of the left half of the gourd terrain, and it is also more convenient in terms of transportation construction.
The Ulianghai flag in the eastern half of the gourd was changed to East Tangnu City, and the names of Narun and Jinjitenke in the south remained unchanged. In this way, there are a total of seven cities in Tangnu Ulianghai City, forming an administrative structure of one city and six counties. Originally, the lands of each subordinate were divided internally, or towns and villages were formed in twos and threes, and they were under the jurisdiction of these seven cities. From the southern Tangnu city, as long as an almost "Y" shaped highway is built, the seven cities will be effectively connected, which not only closes all the main areas, but also reduces the construction cost.
Zhang Hanqing assigned the Tang Juwu Regiment of the "Anmeng Army" Cavalry Brigade to garrison him, and appointed him as the town guard envoy of the Tangnu area of the Anmeng Army. Since the Tang Department was a cavalry unit, it was only useful in these high mountains and sparsely populated places. On the one hand, he ordered the Mongolian Provincial Government to send Mongolian administrators and some People's Party cadres to Tangnu to carry out the construction of Tangnu, and at the same time, he instructed Tang Juwu to send people to carefully draw up the administrative geographical map and hand it over to the Northeast Autonomous Government to demarcate the boundaries after completion.
Geographically, it is really far away from Cullen, and the transportation is not convenient. Zhang Chengde handed over a radio station to Tang Juwu to be stationed in Kizil City to facilitate contact with Kulun. Zhang Hanqing secretly swore that when he had money in the future, he would definitely build a road and railway from Kulun, and firmly tie this treasure land in the palm of his hand and never let go.
In order to appease Horqin and other troops, Zhang Hanqing led his troops southward and returned all the way along the Kobdo and Uriya Sutai places, and at the source of the Orkhon River, he also arranged for Ji Yiqiao, who would be the supreme military commander of Mongolia in the future, to meet with great fanfare with the princes of the Checherlegh League, who were in favor of Mongolia's return to the central government. The mighty military appearance and the "huge" army greatly shocked some of the wall-riding factions who were still watching the situation in their hearts, compared to Mongolia, which has a population of less than one million, an army of 10,000 people can indeed be called "huge".
However, when these Mongolian princes wanted to witness the demeanor of the young marshal with tears in their eyes, Zhang Chengde regretfully informed them that due to overwork and the lack of water and soil, the young marshal was sick and inconvenient to meet guests. According to the Mongolian strategy planned by Zhang Hanqing before, he has wiped out his troops and is ready to make a big move in the northwest, so it is inconvenient to stay for a long time. However, the sick young marshal was very moved by the hospitality of the princes, and also praised their decision to turn their hearts to the king.
Because the previous Fengwan was filthy, and the direct family was ready to move. In order to divide the direct service and alleviate the adverse consequences of the "three eastern provinces patrol envoys" that the central government had previously withdrawn in the "May Fourth Movement", after the war, the central government took the opportunity to reward Zhang Zuolin very much: "With Zhang Zuolin as the patrol envoy of the three eastern provinces and the envoy of Mongolia and Xinjiang, all the plans for suppression and appeasement will be given full power and acted cheaply." Its Rehe, Chahar, Khing'an... All of them... In fact, Zhang Zuolin was very proud of the military occupation of the four areas outside the Guanwai by the Feng army.