Chapter 19 Meng's New Learning

Meng Ming's punctuated "Book of Songs" released in the early stage also caused repercussions, but there were also opposing voices, that is, some old antiques. In the era of the Three Emperors and Five Emperors, the Datong world advocated by Confucianism was retro and revered for the ancient, and there was little doubt about the ancient and debated the ancient. This is because science has not yet developed, and Confucianism has been inherited from the Tang Dynasty, and it is still chaotic. The only ones that are all recognized are benevolence, filial piety, loyalty, and faithfulness, and there is no unified school. Science has not yet emerged, and Zhou Dunyi has not yet been born.

Meng Ming has been attacked recently, saying that Meng Ming is lucky with auspiciousness and blasphemy, and his crime can be punished. Apparently attacking the use of his punctuation. In fact, there were a group of people in that era who misinterpreted the scriptures for their own use, thinking that they were Confucian authentic, and those who did not conform to their own views were regarded as deviant. Among them, Wei Liuxing, the professor of Guozijian, attacked Meng Ming the most. Meng Ming also decided to publish a book to refute it, and published a signed article in the Tokyo Morning Post entitled "The Past is for the Present, Pushing Through the Old and Bringing forth the New, and Advancing with the Times", pointing out that it is not possible to ignore the past and the present, and that Confucianism has been misinterpreted in many places, and even forgeries have appeared. It is pointed out that some of the current Guwen Shangshu may be forgeries, and that the Shangshu is said to have been compiled by Confucius, but some of them were later added by Confucianism. At the beginning of the Qing Dynasty, Yan Ruoxuan wrote "Ancient Texts and Books", and Hui Dong wrote "Examination of Ancient Texts and Books", which were detailed and well-analyzed, and the evidence was thorough, so that the fake books had nowhere to hide. Meng Ming cites the most favorable evidence in it, arguing that it is a forgery. He put forward Wang Yangming's theory of "unity of knowledge and action, and practice by practice", put forward that practice is the standard for testing all truths, and pointed out that empty talk is misleading the country, but hard work is prosperous.

Meng Ming came from a modern developed society after a thousand years, Confucianism was no longer the mainstream, and great men had stepped down from the altar, so some of Meng Ming's views and practices in the Great Song Dynasty were not accepted, and would even be regarded as heresy. Meng Ming used Wang Yangming's psychology to put gold on himself and hold up a protective umbrella. There are three core propositions in the study of mind: the heart is reason, the unity of knowledge and action, and conscience.

First of all, the theory of mind is reason: "The heart is reason, there is no reason outside the heart, there is nothing outside the heart, there is nothing outside the heart", this sentence can be simply understood as what you see, hear, feel, think, everything in your brain constitutes your whole world. Other than that, there is no other world for you. In other words, there is another so-called objective world that has no meaning to you. The study of mind does not deny the objective existence of "things", but only for a specific person. For example, if I see a book, then it exists in my heart, and if you don't see it, then it doesn't exist in your heart. But objectively speaking, the book still exists.

The second is the unity of knowledge and action, which is the core of the core of psychology, and there is a way: "The beginning of the knowledge of the doer, the completion of the knowledge of the doer: the holy study is only one kung fu, and the knowledge and action cannot be divided into two things." It means: to know as action, to think that knowledge is the precursor of action, and action is the embodiment of knowledge. Knowledge is the beginning of action, action is the completion of knowledge, knowledge is action, action is knowledge, the two are inseparable from each other. Knowledge is cognition, and action is action. "A thought is action", so knowing and doing is actually the same thing, that is, the unity of knowledge and action. To put it simply, it is to practice by oneself, to unite knowledge and action, and not to talk about learning without personal practice, because knowledge and action themselves are a whole. Only when you practice it, can you have this knowledge, and if you don't do it, even if you read a lot of books and learn a lot of theories, you can't really acquire this knowledge, it's just paper, rhetoric, and empty words. The "practice is the criterion for testing all truths" put forward by the great men of later generations is also in line with the theory of "the unity of knowledge and action".

Finally, to the conscience, "there is no knowledge except conscience; Therefore, conscience is the first righteousness taught by the sages. Meaning: There is nothing better in the world than conscience. In order for a saint to teach others well, he must first be conscientious. "When you see your father, you will naturally know filial piety, when you see your brother, you will naturally know compassion, and when you see your son entering the well, you will naturally know compassion, which is your conscience." "Although the heavens and the earth are great, there is one thought that is good, and the heart has a conscience, although all ordinary people can be sages." As long as a person has good thoughts and a conscience, even if he is a lowly mortal, he can become a sage. This is in line with the Buddhist principle that "all things have Buddha nature". Everyone has a conscience, which comes from what Mencius said: "Everyone has compassion; Everyone has a heart of shame; Respectful heart is shared by everyone; Everyone has the heart of right and wrong". If you want to "set up your heart for heaven and earth, establish your life for all people, continue your learning for the sake of the saints, and open peace for all generations", then you must follow your own conscience, and you can't take interests as the first starting point.

Meng Ming plagiarized Wang Yangming's new school and created his own new school idea, which is called "Meng's new school" by people nowadays. In fact, Meng Ming thinks that there is a lot of copying of articles in the world, and this has been the case throughout the ages.

As soon as Meng Ming's article was published, it caused a huge controversy, and many Confucian scholars joined the debate, and the "Ancient Texts and Shangshu" was almost identified as a forgery. The impact was enormous, and the sacred scriptures that were regarded as the norm lost their aura, and the faith of Confucianism was greatly impacted and was in a state of confusion. Meng Ming then published an article "The Mission of Confucianism": in which the development of Confucianism was written, from Confucius and Mencius to Dong Zhongshu, from the contention of a hundred schools of thought to the burning of books and Confucianism to Confucianism. He pointed out the positive role of Confucianism, and also pointed out the limitations of Confucianism. Put forward the mission of Confucianism: "Respect the will of heaven, establish the heavens, the earth, and the people, and achieve sincerity, righteousness, objectivity, knowledge, reason, self-cultivation, and family, govern the country and the world, integrate knowledge and action, and strive to reach the realm of sages." It is summarized in four sentences: "Establish a heart for heaven and earth, establish a life for the people, continue to learn for the saints, and open peace for all generations." But loyalty and patriotism are the premise.

As soon as this article came into being from Meng's Beihai School, it resonated with many readers, and opened a door for everyone's confused eyes, which can be used as a code of action in the future. For a while, the Confucian students were full of mission and pride, and they actually cited it as a guideline in their hearts. Wei Liuxing's generation was silent. Meng Ming's world was much cleaner for a while. The only good thing was that the circulation of the Tokyo Morning Post increased dramatically, and both issues were issued with an additional 100,000 copies and were taken all over the country.

Now the court is not calm, surprisingly unanimously concerned about this Confucian controversy, Meng Ming wrote two articles quickly placed in front of the official family and the central government bookcase, and finally the official family brought together the important ministers of the court, the famous teachers of the country, and the scholars to discuss this academic debate. Finally, Meng Ming's two articles are well-analyzed, well-evidenced, and in line with the meaning of the scriptures, so they can be cited as classics and guides. The theory of "unity of knowledge and action, practice and practice". Finally, it was ordered by Kong Yangong to be introduced into the classics of Confucius Mansion and engraved in the Confucian Temple.