On the battlefield, the sound of drums, battles, cannons, bows and crossbows was endless, and in the city tower, Ma Qiang began to sort out the history of gunpowder.

Thanks to the discovery or invention of various gunpowder explosives, which involve some important historical events or scientists, this makes it much easier for Ma Qiang to sort out.

From the perspective of the development history of gunpowder or explosives, black gunpowder occupies a huge part of the history of human firearms, from the Song Dynasty in the 13th century, to the Ming Dynasty in the 15th century, to the 17th century, to the 17th century, to Napoleon, all black gunpowder weapons were used.

The biggest advantage of black gunpowder is that it is simple to manufacture, all the raw materials are natural, but the biggest disadvantage is that the explosion rate is too low, so whether it is the Song Dynasty or the Ming Dynasty or the Qing Dynasty or even Napoleon, most of the cannons used are solid bullets. However, because only 900 grams of black powder were used as explosives in a 4.3-kilogram spherical shell, the power was very weak, and only 20 pieces of fragments could be made, and some even only had five, which was better than the one-to-two grenades used by the Eighth Route Army later.

And the black gunpowder appeared after the picric acid synthesized by Britain in 1771, which is commonly known as fierce explosives, but the reason why he did not use it in the Napoleonic era is because at the beginning, this thing was used as a dye, and when people found that he could be used as an explosive and used in the military, it was already in 1885, it is worth mentioning that in the Sino-Japanese War, although Japan did not get the British picric acid, but developed the gunpowder by itself, and named it Shimose gunpowder, And it was used on a trial basis in the First Sino-Japanese War.

Further back, there is the invention of thunder mercury in England in 1779, but this thing is extremely unsafe, so it is used as an explosive.

Then, there was the appearance of nitrocellulose in 1838, which was invented by Germany and militarized in 1860, which indirectly led to the unification of Germany and Germany's victory in the Franco-Prussian War.

As for nitroglycerin, it was conquered by Nobel in 1862, even later, making it barely usable for industry.

TNT, which was invented by German scientists a year later in 1863, was extremely stable because of the extreme stability of this explosive, not to mention shaking and squeezing, even if it was hit with bullets, it may not necessarily explode, so it was quickly militarized and replaced picric acid to become the new king of explosives, which shined in World War I.

Dana explosives were invented by Nobel in 1866, in fact, Ma Qiang is now using this kind of explosives in the mine, this explosive is to put it bluntly, it is to add nitroglycerin to inert powder silica to make it safer, but just like Ma Qiang does not allow the militarization of this explosive, due to the long-term backlog and moisture, nitroglycerin will seep out and cause explosions, so the military circles don't like this thing at all.

After World War II, the king of explosives was Hesokin, but in fact, this thing was developed by German chemists for medicine in 1899, but in the end it became explosives because of its huge power, and the power of this thing is 1.58 times that of TNT, and the detonation speed reaches 8650 meters per second.

Looking at the data he had sorted out with his vague memory, Ma Qiang looked at the pitiful 500 meters of black powder written on the front.

Tut-tut, in the hundred years of the nineteenth century, human beings really fought for each other...

According to historical experience, black powder should be followed by nitrocellulose, then the era of picric acid, and finally the age of TNT.

Or get nitrocellulose out?

Nitrocellulose cotton, it's really simple to say, as the name suggests, is to soak refined cotton in a mixture of concentrated nitric acid and concentrated sulfuric acid, and you don't really need cotton, as long as plant fibers are fine.

Everyone should know that cellulose is composed of many interconnected glucose molecules, and each glucose molecule contains some hydroxyl groups, when cellulose and concentrated nitric acid are mixed, a chemical reaction will occur, the nitro group in nitric acid will replace the hydrogen atom in the hydroxyl group, and the nitro group will improve the flammability of cellulose, as for concentrated sulfuric acid, it is all to absorb the hydrated molecules inside.

When the nitrification is completed, you can dilute the residual acid on it with water, and squeeze the water to dry, which is nitrocellulose.

Ma Qiang did such a simple experiment by himself when he was in junior high school, after all, this experiment requires few things, and the time required is short, fifteen minutes is enough.

The burning rate of nitrocellulose is very fast, up to 6300 meters per second, and even if you take a small piece in your hand and burn it to play, it will not hurt, of course, good boy, don't do such a dangerous test.

However, because the combustion rate is too fast, if it is made into a cannonball, it will explode before the barrel is fired, which is very unsafe, so it needs to be treated with an alcohol-ether mixed solvent and crushed to form before it can really be used as a weapon.

Plant fiber, although there is no cotton yet, but there are alternatives such as reed flowers, and in addition, the current paper mill can also use bamboo to make plant fiber by slightly renovating the production line, anyway, it is the same thing.

Again, the problem is concentrated nitric acid and concentrated sulfuric acid.

Three acids and two alkalis, the important weapon of the country!

In fact, it is not only nitrocellulose, but also the black gold in Ma Qiang's medium-term goal, which is actually produced by the reaction of concentrated nitric acid and hexamethylenetetramine.

However, Ma Qiang himself doesn't know about the industrial production of hexamethylenetetramine, and I hope I can turn it over in my mobile phone.

All in all, the development of the chemical industry is the premise of military development, so a country has a large chemical industry, it has the potential to become a big bomb, at the same time, the chemical industry is also the guarantee of agriculture, so whether it is not hungry or have clothes to wear or have a safety guarantee, the chemical industry is indispensable.

Ma Qiang still remembers that there is a country with a long history, which has achieved national independence under the trend of the times, but because of the defense of international forces, it has been making slow progress in the chemical industry, and even because of the lack of fertilizer, the yield per mu is low, but even so, it still ignores the fact that hundreds of people are hungry to export grain in exchange for foreign exchange, and because of ethnic contradictions, they refuse cheap fertilizers from northern powers, and finally let the international fertilizer prices rise sharply, forcing him to turn around and beg his northern neighbors to sell fertilizer to him.

Well, Ah San is really miserable.

The development of the chemical industry has a long way to go in this era!