Chapter Eighty-Seven: The Harm of the Officials

After Zhu Qizhen heard this, he secretly said in his heart: "Sure enough, it's a 'car and boat tooth shop, and you should be killed if you are not guilty.'" ’”

The car and ship tooth and foot shops refer to five industries.

Coachmen, boatmen, porters, and shopkeepers can actually be classified as one type, all of which are accommodation or moving problems encountered in transportation.

I won't go into details.

Just know that the word extortion, which comes from porters, they sit on the ground and raise prices, and if they don't give money, they don't carry it, so that the merchants have to accept their extortion.

As for stealing from customers in black shops, the boatman is simply the eyeliner of the bandits, and so on.

The tooth shop is more similar to an intermediary, if you have to say it, it is an official intermediary.

There is a commercial need for this.

After all, if you are a distant guest for the first time and want to sell what you have brought, the best way is to find an intermediary, even if the intermediary has a commission, you will admit it.

Perhaps, many people do not understand. It was an era of extremely advanced information. But I don't know that in ancient times, a lot of business information spread very slowly.

However, the strength of the tooth industry is not only the participation of local forces, but the intervention of the government.

When it first started, the dental shops were all governmental.

It is mandatory that all transactions of large quantities of goods must pass through the Ya Bank, and the government must collect taxes from them.

After Zhu Qizhen knew this regulation for the first time, he also felt that this was a good way, which was a good way to get into the node of economic exchange and collect a large amount of commercial tax.

Who said that the Ming Dynasty does not levy business taxes?

It's just that now this system is no longer very good.

Today's dental dealers have transitioned from official teeth to private teeth. Of course, the responsibility of collecting commercial tax is still there.

Just think about it, you know that if this tooth merchant falls into the local forces, the county government may not be able to manage it, how much will this business tax be?

According to Zhu Qizhen's personal estimate, this kind of tooth tax should be a transaction tax on bulk goods, although Taizu stipulated thirty taxes and one. But it can be collected, with the size of the Ming economy, it should be a tax that does not need to be much less than the salt tax.

But Zhu Qizhen never saw the ranks of the tooth tax in the account books of the household department.

Of course, it's not that Daming didn't collect tooth tax.

Rather, it was listed among the others by the Ministry of Households, and the number was too small to be worth listing in a separate row.

Zhu Qizhen deeply understood this.

That is the problem of the Ming Dynasty, the plan is not a question of whether to levy commercial taxes, but whether it can be levied up, if the Ming Dynasty, the country has no feudalism, the township has the status quo of feudalism.

No matter how clever Zhu Qizhen is, it is impossible to collect the commercial tax.

The architecture between the two is fundamentally different.

Zhou Chen is the most outstanding of all the finance ministers in Zhu Qizhen. But what are Zhou Chen's words? For government affairs.

Before, Zhu Qizhen also understood that it was as convenient as possible for the people.

But at this moment, Zhu Qizhen understood a deeper meaning, that is, to try to make it as convenient as possible for officials and officials. Make the entire tax process simple and operational.

If you really want to talk about it, the various laws designed by Zhou Chen may not be meticulous and meticulous. If you really want to find a loophole, it's not that you can't find it.

But why did Zhou Chen complete the first financial reform of the Ming Dynasty, so that Zhu Qizhen had enough financial support to fight the tile.

It was Zhou Chen who had a deep understanding of what the officials in Daming were about.

Only when it is so simple that it is clear at a glance, so simple that even a fool can understand it, can they be prevented from doing a lot of tricks, but the more precise and rigorous the law, the more it can be used by the officials to deceive the superiors and subordinates.

The most typical point is that the tax booklets in various parts of the Ming Dynasty have evolved to six to eight decimal places. It's not that there are six or eight digits behind the stone, but after the catty.

Why is this happening?

Because the more complex the system, the easier it is for them to get their hands on it.

In fact, after the Hongwu period, the tax collection of the Ming Dynasty can be regarded as a tax package system. Because every prefecture and county has a quota, this quota was given during the Hongwu period.

But in the Han Dynasty, it was not levied in this way.

In the Han Dynasty, the local magistrate specially planted a batch of fields as the benchmark field, and determined the number of thirty taxes and one in the upper, middle and lower fields based on the output of the benchmark field.

Zhu Qizhen feels that this method is much better than this almost tax package system.

But it is completely impossible for the Ming to do it

Because of the aftermath of the Warring States period in the Han Dynasty, it has a strong grassroots mobilization ability. The overall population of the Warring States was not much, but when it started, it was hundreds of thousands.

But now how difficult it is for the Ming Dynasty to raise hundreds of thousands of troops. You can see that there is a high level between the two.

Therefore, even if it is not for any industrialization, but only for the improvement of the country's organizational strength, it is necessary to destroy the system of officials, return to the unity of officials and officials, and first destroy the system at the grassroots level of the Ming Dynasty.

Otherwise, Zhu Qizhen is worried that the development of industrialization will cause problems in two aspects.

First, the faster industrialization progressed, the more the imperial court lost control over the wealth generated by industrialization, and faced a series of social problems caused by industrialization, which could not be solved.

This is a situation at the end of the Ming Dynasty. Instead, it allowed the Ming Dynasty to perish ahead of schedule.

The second is that in the process of industrialization, the Ming Dynasty was controlled in several industrial groups, and the Ming royal family was only one of them, and it was necessary to compromise on all aspects in order to maintain the Ming court.

This was a situation in the Eastern Jin Dynasty.

And neither of these things is what Zhu Qizhen wants to see

Now that Zhu Qizhen is facing the problem of industrialization, what Zhu Qizhen will face next is how to divide the wealth brought by industrialization into the country.

Zhu Qizhen looked at Xian Jing and said, "Is there anything else?" ”

Xian Jing said it happily before, but after he finished speaking, he chuckled in his heart and felt that he had said something he shouldn't have said. Reason was instantly restored.

It is taboo to skip the level of reporting, and now he said these words directly in front of the emperor, will he offend too many people.

Although the Xian family is known as a rich man, the really powerful people pinch the Xian family to death, as clearly as pinching an ant to death.

Listening to Zhu Qizhen continue to ask, he couldn't help but say it. His heart turned, and he remembered an excellent topic, and said, "Then there is fake silver, and the harm of miscellaneous silver." ”

"The so-called fake silver is just white copper, similar to silver, but it is not valuable, many people have been deceived of their life savings, that is called the day is not spiritual, called the earth is not spiritual. Then there are all kinds of miscellaneous silver, and the silver is all silver, but there are too many impurities, and it will be discounted by several layers. It was a good deal, but it was lost all of a sudden. ”

Zhu Qizhen said: "Didn't the imperial court issue silver coins? ”

Xian Jing said: "This matter is only known to the grass people when they arrived in Beijing, there are not many people circulating in the south, Your Majesty is really wise and martial, and he will solve the great difficulties of our businessmen and people." ”

Although Zhu Qizhen felt that Xian Jing's sycophants were blunt, he was also somewhat useful.

After all, the matter of silver coins was also promoted by Zhu Qizhen.

The only thing that made Zhu Qizhen a little uncomfortable was that the silver coin was pushed a little too slowly.

After all, the silver coins minted by the Ming Dynasty were spent near Beijing, and the entire circulation of silver coins was naturally more in the north and less in the south, and it would take several years for the Ming Dynasty to exchange all the silver coins in the world for silver coins.

Zhu Qizhen has to look at the situation in Japan in order to speed up.

Zhu Qizhen asked, "Are you a regular businessman?" ”

Xian Jing said: "My Xian family is a businessman, and I have not been in business since my ancestors. ”

Zhu Qizhen said: "It's much better to come here to sit as a businessman than to come here." After all, the family is on the ground. ”

Xian Jing said slightly bitterly: "Yes and no." Staying at home and knowing the root cause is also a benefit, but it is also a disadvantage. ”

Zhu Qizhen said: "Oh, what's the key in it? ”

Xian Jing wanted to speak and stopped, but he still said it and said, "The merchant service is hard to escape." ”

Zhu Qizhen said: "There are still commercial servants in Foshan, isn't it already silver?" ”

The reason why Zhu Qizhen asked this question was because the merchants in Beijing were converted into silver, otherwise where would there be so much money in Shuntianfu, and a lot of their money came from the merchants' silver.

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This tax can be roughly understood as business tax.

In Emperor Taizu's system, taxes were light and service was heavy. Merchants also had to undertake a lot of work, and generally speaking, they raised a part of the materials for the imperial court free of charge.

It's just that the requirements are too vague, and many businessmen and officials have taken advantage of this to go bankrupt. There are also big businessmen who find connections to escape from service, leaving small businessmen to bear. That's even more invisible.