Chapter 537: Porcelain and Muskets

Changing the pattern of the world sounds like just an exaggerated remark without any practical significance, but for everyone here, they have every reason to believe it, because with the size of Da Chu and the supreme authority of this emperor, he can indeed do this.

Pierre, Alfre, and Eriksson looked at Ning Yu seriously, and did not rush to speak, but quietly waited for the following words.

"Huaxia is an ancient country with a very deep history, and it also has its own set of logic and rules, and it often becomes more acute and profound in dealing with the relationship between friends and enemies."

Ning Yu said eloquently, "For friends, what we hope more is to cooperate and divide interests, and for enemies, what we hope is to use all our strength to fight them and completely trample them on the ground and not turn over." ”

"So who are the friends and who are the enemies?" Pierre said meaningfully, not forgetting to look at the other two's reactions as he spoke.

"Interests. The distinction between interests alone is the basis for the existence of friends and enemies. ”

Ning Yu looked at Pierre deeply, "There is a lot of room for cooperation between the Great Chu Empire and Great Britain today, it depends on whether your envoy wants to be a friend of Great Chu." ”

"Oh? You mean the Netherlands? Obviously, the British ambassador, Pierre Gubert, was not particularly surprised at the moment that he was aware of some of Ning Chu's current practices.

Ning Yu didn't respond to this sentence, just smiled slightly. Song Enming, the secretary of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, then stood up and said, "Your Majesty, ambassadors, please come with me, we need a quieter place." ”

At this time, the Westerners in the soft cui building also began to gather together, although the sound was not loud, but because there were more people, it was really not suitable to continue talking.

Under the guidance of Song Enming, everyone took a carriage back to the imperial city and walked into a hall in Dongyuan, only to see that a huge map of Ning Chu had been hung inside, but the information on it did not seem to be particularly detailed.

After everyone was seated, Ning Zhonghai, the secretary of the Ministry of Industry and Commerce, stepped forward, saluted Ning Yu, and then looked at Pierre and the other three, and said: "Ambassador Pierre, Ambassador Alfre, Count Eriksson, the current scale of trade between China and Western countries, I believe everyone has a judgment in their hearts, and you should be more aware of some of the problems that exist today." ”

Since the founding of Ningchu, began to strengthen the problems of industrial and commercial trade, of which foreign trade is one aspect that Ningyu attaches particular importance to, and also specially arranged for a company to engage in special maritime trade guidance, its scale is also getting stronger and stronger, to the end of the fourth year of innovation, the scale of foreign trade between Ningchu and Western European countries has reached the scale of hundreds of millions of silver dollars.

Just like the most important porcelain trade between China and the West, it is a sky-high transaction scale, and even Ning Yu cannot ignore the interests involved.

Throughout the 16th and 17th centuries, due to the improvement of shipbuilding and the development of navigation technology, coupled with the expansion of monetary economy and commerce, European countries have expanded from the Atlantic to the Indian Ocean and the Pacific Ocean, of which the porcelain trade is a key point, more than hundreds of millions of Chinese porcelain were shipped to the West in exchange for a steady supply of silver.

Although Chinese porcelain has a long history and has been transmitted to Europe very early, it was basically introduced indirectly through merchants from West Asia and North Africa at that time, and the quantity was very scarce, and it was often given to kings and nobles as the most precious gifts, and ordinary people could not reach it at all, so there was a great market demand in the West.

In June 1573, two Spanish galleons sailed from the port of Manila to Acapulco on the coast of Mexico, carrying 712 pieces of silk, 11,300 pieces of cotton cloth and 22,300 pieces of porcelain, worth 300,000 pesos, equivalent to 7.5 tons of silver, and their profits were as high as 600%, thus opening the prelude to the "Manila galleon trade".

In the first half of the 17th century, more than 3 million pieces of Chinese porcelain arrived in Europe, and in the entire 17th century, 20 million pieces of Chinese porcelain were trafficked to Europe, accounting for a huge amount of trade profits in Europe, and the strength of the Dutch East India Company also grew explosively.

Therefore, during the period when the Dutch maritime hegemony was determined, the porcelain trade between China and Europe was mainly controlled by the Dutch, and even the countries of Great Britain and France also needed to go through the exploitation of the Dutch when trading with China, so it has always made other European countries dissatisfied.

Now, with the end of the three Anglo-Dutch wars, although the Netherlands won the last two victories, the era of Dutch hegemony at sea is gone, especially the protracted land war with France, which has led to the Netherlands having to slow down the development of the navy, strengthen the construction of the army, and especially in order to ease relations with Britain, it has to make commercial concessions.

But the problem is that the Dutch centipede has always occupied a leading position, especially in Southeast Asia and other regions, while Britain and France, which have just achieved hegemony, have only just entered Southeast Asia, have not yet carried out large-scale activities, and their strength is very limited.

To put it bluntly, the main concern of Pierre and Alfrey at the moment is completely inseparable from the Netherlands, which is also the basis for his belief in cooperation between the two sides.

"Your Majesty the Emperor, trade between China and the West has always been the focus of attention of all countries, but since there are thieves like the Dutch, they have shamelessly stolen the interests that originally belonged to European countries."

The French ambassador AlfrΓ©'s face flushed slightly, and the French were even more angry with the Dutch in the war of the Spanish Succession that had just ended, and the Dutch had provided 140,000 troops to the anti-French Augsburg League.

On the contrary, the British ambassador Pierre did not have so many emotions, and the relationship between Britain and the Netherlands was too complicated, just like in the Augsburg League, Britain and the Netherlands also became allies in order to oppose France, so the expression on his face was also very flat.

Ning Yu said softly: "Whether the Netherlands is present or not, it will not affect the trade relations between Great Chu and other European countries, but at the same time, I hope that all countries can strengthen their trade relations with Chu, just like I have specially customized relevant laws for this." ”

"What bill?" Everyone was a little curious.

Shang Shu Ning Zhonghai, who was standing on the side, hurriedly stepped forward, stood in front of the map of Da Chu with a wooden stick in his hand, and said softly: "Several ambassadors, the scale of trade between Da Chu and other countries has always been limited, and the reason is that in addition to the influence of the external environment, there are some endogenous factors, such as the policy of promoting overseas trade is not sustainable enough, and it is not open enoughβ€”β€”"

"Therefore, in order to better promote trade, I Dachu decided to open more than ten trade cities such as Nanjing, Wuhan, Changsha, Zhenjiang, Anqing, Jiujiang, Yantai and Tianjin in addition to the original Shanghai, Ningbo, Fuzhou and Guangzhou, and simplify the relevant procedures of foreign trade, speed up the steps of foreign trade, and in addition to the official foreign trade of various countries can be centralized signing."

Everyone was taken aback when they heard this, although Ningchu was also trying to open up foreign trade in the past, but after all, it was a few trading ports in the coastal zone, but now it is different, and now it has opened up the area to the inland center of Wuhan, and even Nanjing, the capital of Ningchu, has become a trade center.

Pierre was even more surprised in his heart, he was quite aware of the status of Wuhan, this city was the place where Ning Chu started, and there were too many secrets in itself, but now Ning Chu chose to make it a trading city, which shows Ning Chu's determination and strength in promoting foreign trade.

Swedish Ambassador Eriksson secretly made up his mind that in the past, Sweden had not firmly carried out Chinese trade, and there were many concerns, so this time when he returned to Sweden, he must explain to the king the necessity of carrying out Chinese trade, at least like Britain and France, to form a Swedish East India Company.

Alfrey also had a lot of excitement on his face, he made a solemn salute to Ning Yu, and then said: "Your Majesty's mind is really incomparably broad, and France will be Da Chu's eternal friend." ”

Pierre and Eriksson also saluted, and naturally said the same thing in their mouths.

Ning Yu naturally had a smile on his face, but he also understood in his heart that the so-called eternal friends were pure nonsense, and in the future, when Britain and France entered Southeast Asia on a large scale, contradictions would naturally arise, of course, this would not affect the fact that they would become friends now.

"Ladies and gentlemen, the specific trade treaty will be negotiated with you by Ning Zhonghai, the secretary of the Ministry of Industry and Commerce of Dachu, and as for the relevant details, you will discuss it yourself......

........

On the issue of the Netherlands, Ning Yu did not directly raise it, because in the current Southeast Asian region, the strength of Britain and France was simply not enough to pose too much threat to the Netherlands, and they would not start a war with the Netherlands for the interests of Dachu.

Therefore, at this time, under the previous trade treaty between Da Chu and Britain and France, there was actually a hidden agreement, that is, Ning Chu would be responsible for completely eliminating Dutch influence in Southeast Asia, so as to ensure trade with Britain and France, and Britain and France would support Ning Chu from other aspects, such as the relevant intelligence of the Dutch East India Company.

However, in terms of negotiations with Sweden, Ning Yu paid more attention to it, and he sent someone to invite Count Eriksson to the imperial study alone, and held talks with Cui Wancai, the first assistant of the cabinet, Ujijing, the deputy director of the Privy Council, and Xu Chengliang, the deputy director of the armament department.

Count Eriksson was a little apprehensive in his heart, in the past when Sweden was strong, the national strength could not be compared with today's Ningchu, and in the current period of Sweden's decline, it is even more impossible to compare.

"Your Majesty the Emperor, the King of Sweden has asked me to bring you a letter that I hope will be the beginning of friendship between the two countries."

Count Eriksson handed over the letter as he spoke, and after Ning Yu took the letter, he also had a smile on his face, and asked the translator to finish translating the text, and simply read it, the content inside was actually very simple, that is, he hoped that Ning Chu could become an ally of Sweden and fight against Russia in the future.

Ning Yu pondered slightly, and said, "Thank you for the kindness of the king of your country, but the alliance still needs to be considered." ”

Count Eriksson was a little anxious in his heart, and said in a low voice: "Your Majesty the Emperor, after the end of the Great Northern War that year, Sweden suffered a shameful defeat, but this defeat was caused by the whole of Europe, and the Russians are just a despicable and shameful thief who stole the territory of our countryβ€”β€”"

Speaking of this, Count Eriksson's tone was very firm, "Sweden needs revenge, and even more needs a strong ally, and Europe is not reliable, only His Majesty the Emperor is the real enemy of the Russians." ”

Cui Wancai opened his mouth and said: "Count Eriksson, Ningyu and the Russians are not at war at the moment. ”

"But that day is coming soon, isn't it?"

Ning Yu smiled dumbly, it seemed that in the eyes of the European people, Ning Chu and Russia were almost undead enemies, which was very different from Europe - although Ning Chu and the Russians had not yet started a war, but this day was indeed approaching.

It's just that the alliance is not acceptable to Ning Chu at present, because the binding of the alliance is not conducive to Ning Chu's interests in Europe, and Sweden at the moment cannot take a more powerful bargaining chip.

Ning Yu shook his head and said, "Da Chu will not choose the covenant, but friends are welcome, you must know that Da Chu has always been very good to his friends." ”

Seeing that Ning Yu's attitude was very resolute, Count Eriksson sighed slightly, "Don't hide it from Your Majesty, the Swedes need revenge, and one day in the future, the war between Sweden and the Russians will break out again, and if Your Majesty helps, this day may come earlier." ”

"Hahahaha, it's not about helping Sweden, it's about mutual assistance and mutual benefit between the two countries."

Ning Yu smiled: "At present, Da Chu will vigorously develop foreign trade, not only to sell a large amount of porcelain and tea to Europe, but also to need technology and raw materials from the West, as well as the Western market." In this process, China can give Sweden more favorable trade policies, such as low-tariff preferences between the two countries......"

"What about military cooperation?" Count Eriksson was still a little unwilling.

Ning Yu smiled, "Cooperation in military affairs can be gradual and gradual, for example, the two countries can send military observation missions to each other to learn from each other's experience, especially the relevant materials of the war against Russia, Dachu is even more urgent, if your country can give some materials to study, our country can pay some compensation." ”

Count Eriksson nodded, he also relaxed slightly, although he did not reach an alliance, but at least he also understood Ning Chu's determination to fight with Russia, and when the Chu-Russian war broke out in the future, Sweden and Ning Chu could naturally form a de facto military alliance at that time.

Thinking of this, Count Eriksson was also very excited, and he said softly: "These are naturally all right, and the cooperation between Sweden and Da Chu will only ....... more and more in the future."