In fact, the national debt has never been a new thing, as early as the Warring States Period, some people have begun to borrow money from the people, this is the historical King of Zhou Amnesty, it was at the end of the Warring States Period, the world is still nominally the world of Zhou Tianzi, and the capital is still in Luoyang, but for that era, King Zhou Amnesty no longer has any status at all.

At the end of the Warring States Period, the Qin State attacked Zhao, and later sent troops to Luoyang, its intention is naturally known, but the King of Zhou Amnesty at that time no longer had any strength to resist the Qin State, and at the moment of crisis, the King of Chu sent people to meet the King of Zhou Amnesty, and brought a clever plan, that is, in the name of Zhou Tianzi, united the six countries to resist the Qin State.

This plan is very good, but the problem is that Zhou Tianzi at that time had no money at all, and there was no way to send troops to fight, and at this time someone offered a plan, that is, to borrow money from the people in the name of the imperial court, lure the nobles to pay at high interest rates, and agreed to repay the money with interest after the war, so the king of Zhou Amnesty at that time issued the earliest national debt in Chinese history.

Because of the attractive interest rate, these bonds were sought after by the aristocracy, and they soon received a large sum of money and a written letter promising to pay it off with interest after the war. After getting the money, King Zhou Yu recruited troops and cobbled together an army of 6,000 men to prepare for the east to conquer Qin with Chu and other princes.

It's a pity that they waited for three months at that time, only Chu and Yan sent troops, and the other princes chose to wait and see, so the strategy of attacking Qin was self-defeating, and King Zhou Yu could only return to the city with his army.

For King Zhou Yu, it is impossible to repay the money, and it is impossible to repay it in this life. However, the creditors naturally would not suffer this dumb loss, so they blocked outside the palace gate all day long, preaching that King Zhou Yu owed money and did not pay it back, so King Zhou Yu could only find a way to run away and avoid the limelight.

However, King Zhou Yu is a big king, and it is impossible to just take his wife and children away, so he built a high platform in the harem, and took the concubines to live inside, and announced that he would not see any outsiders at all.

Therefore, the national debt is not difficult to understand, Ning Yu gave the big guy a simple popularization of the past history, and they all understood the emperor's plan, to put it bluntly, it was to follow the example of King Zhou, issue treasury bonds at high interest rates, and find rich people to borrow money to fight.

This..... It's a bit of a madness!

In the eyes of everyone, the current emperor is really a bit excessive, if you don't have money, you can rest at home, how good it is to go to court every day, why do you have to borrow money to fight? Let's not talk about winning or losing, how can I pay back this money when I turn around? Could it be that the big guy really built you a high platform to live on?

After such an explanation, the ministers of the imperial court are more and more opposed to the issuance of treasury bonds, after all, in the traditional thinking of the Chinese, this borrowing money is not a good thing, and it is a historical lesson for Yin to eat grain, as the emperor should learn from the second emperor of Wenjing, less toss and more kind to the people, and wait for a hundred and eighty years, when the time comes, it will be just a Han Wu.

At that moment, a number of ministers argued against the emperor's issuance, and hoped that the emperor could temporarily withdraw his troops to recuperate.

Ning Yu was a little helpless, "Ladies and gentlemen, this week's pardon of the king has not paid the money, it does not mean that I will not pay the money, in fact, next year's financial revenue big guy also knows in his heart that since the implementation of our industrial and commercial tax law, the tax source has been greatly expanded, and this money is nothing." ”

Ning Zhongjing, the head of the cabinet, said helplessly: "But Your Majesty, this private loan is often profitable, if the court accepts this interest, I am afraid that no matter how much money you have, you will not be able to pay it back, but if the interest rate is low, no one will lend money to the court at all." ”

This is true, private lending often has a variety of names, although on the surface of the loan is at most only one interest, that is, the total amount of interest is stipulated to be double the capital, but in private it has long exceeded this limit, what nine out of thirteen, what interest on the rolling interest is really countless.

Therefore, the business of the underground money bank is very good, if the imperial court opens up the treasury bonds, if the interest rate is low, the temptation for the people is actually very small, coupled with the people's natural fear of imperial power, if the imperial court really does not pay back, they have no way, so it is very likely that no one cares.

Ning Yu smiled, of course he would have predicted this situation, "I will issue treasury bonds, naturally there will be no rolling interest, and there will not be too high interest rates, the eight million taels of treasury bonds issued by me will be redeemed in three years, with an annual interest of four percent, that's all." ”

"Four percent per annum?"

The big guy listened to Emperor Ning's words, and he almost didn't laugh out loud, this is really coaxing ghosts. According to Emperor Ning's calculations, the total interest of eight million taels of silver is only three hundred and twenty thousand taels of silver a year, and the profit has not exceeded one million taels of silver in three years. If there is really this money in the underground bank, I am afraid that the profit can be several times. What fool would want to put his capital at such a low interest rate?

It's just that Ning Zhongjing, Cui Wancai and others flashed a trace of worry in their eyes, in this case, if they want to sell eight million taels of treasury bonds, they are afraid that they can only rely on a showdown, but since ancient times, this showdown has been a big malpractice.

Ning Yu coughed lightly, glanced at the ministers, but slowly spoke: "Under normal circumstances, naturally no one will come to buy my treasury bonds....... However, when we release this batch of treasury bonds, they will be linked to the land of Yunnan, Guichuan and other provinces, and the confiscated Qitian and Guantian will be put up for sale, and only those who purchase the treasury bonds will be eligible to participate in the purchase of land. ”

The meaning is very simple, the war treasury is naturally profitable, and when the time comes, you want to buy land? It's simple, show proof of your treasury bond purchase first, otherwise you're not eligible. Through this binding method, let these people who want to get land first take out a part of the money to express their support for the imperial court.

When they heard this, the ministers made an uproar, this emperor is simply a business wizard, with land hanging in front, why worry about no one buying national debt? Especially through this move, it is completely possible to tie these people who buy treasury bonds to the chariot of Da Chu, and they will try all kinds of ways to urge Ning Chu to defeat Yunguichuan, otherwise their interests will be in vain!

This is not complicated, so many people can figure it out when they think about it, but at this time, the vast majority of people have changed their minds, and they have begun to really think seriously about the specific use of national bonds, and some people even think that through national bonds, they can lend more money.

"Treasury bonds must not be issued indiscriminately, because they represent the most precious thing in my Dachu - credit."

Ning Yu's face was slightly solemn, he couldn't let these ministers develop the habit of issuing treasury bonds in the future, after all, borrowing money was too much, and sooner or later it would not be repaid, so he had to ring the alarm to the ministers first.

"The reason why I issue treasury bonds is because this time it is a war treasury bond, and through Yunnan, Guichuan and Dachu, it can completely make up for the cost of issuing treasury bonds, and it will play a favorable direction for the whole country. However, this kind of national debt is extremely special, so it cannot be issued arbitrarily in ordinary times, otherwise sooner or later the people will lose trust in Dachu. ”

Ning Yu thought about it for a while, but he thought of something deeper, that is, it was completely possible to follow this opportunity to issue treasury bonds and reconstruct the monetary system of the Fu Han Army, because the current system of using silver as currency is really bad! In addition, this is the key point of the industrial and commercial revolution, and it needs to be taken seriously.

As soon as he thought of this, Ning Yu didn't have the idea of communicating with the courtiers anymore, because the things that need to be involved in reconstructing the entire financial system are far from what these courtiers can know, and more professional relevant talents are needed, or Western banking talents, because in this regard, the West is really much farther than the Celestial Empire.

Like the Netherlands, which has a strong mercantilism, has established the world's first stock exchange as early as more than 100 years ago, and is also the builder of the entire Western financial system at present, as well as the future British Empire, which also created its own Bank of England a few decades ago, so that Britain has established a complete money market, especially its national debt system and money market, while providing more convenient and cheap financing to the government, it has also integrated and developed with the British Industrial Revolution, laying a solid foundation for London's financial hegemony. are all objects that Ningyu needs to learn.

Of course, even if Ning Yu wants to learn now, it is impossible to learn it immediately, because he doesn't know much about that set, plus these people in China, it is difficult to understand it thoroughly, so he pinned his hopes on Ernst who was traveling to Western Europe, and when the time came, he would bring these talents and relevant theoretical knowledge to himself.

However, Ning Yu learned from Ernst's letter to him that the first batch of talents and related books will arrive in China at the beginning of next spring, and Ernst also mentioned one thing in the letter, now the whole of Europe is now set off a Chinese fever, so many Europeans are admiring it, hoping to come to China, and even hope to live in China permanently.

For today's Europeans, the Far East is a fantastic world, everyone yearns for the life of silk and porcelain, and there are even those princes and nobles, so to speak, when Ning Yu wants to learn something from the West, the whole West is sparing no effort to learn the culture from the East.

When Ernst chatted with Ning Yu before, at the turn of the century more than 20 years ago, King Louis XIV of France held a grand New Century Ball in the splendid Palace of Versailles, called "The King of China", at which the entire Paris aristocracy gathered, they wore dresses and waited for the passing to come, and Louis XIV was wearing a traditional Chinese costume at that time, slowly walking out of the eight-carried sedan chair, which shows the degree of influence of Chinese fever in the West.

Therefore, for Ernst, his worship of the Celestial Empire is not unfounded, but has a deep cultural background, and it can even be said that if it were not for the industrial revolution later, which made the West embark on a path of foreign expansion, otherwise their worship of the East would have continued for a long time.

It's just that Ning Yu understands in his heart that the West's worship of China is actually a seemingly beautiful curtain, a yearning for the rich Eastern civilization, but once they realize the backwardness of the East in terms of overall military strength, this worship will evolve into the most cruel plunder, because in their culture, the weak do not deserve to have this wealth.

Because of this, no matter how much the West admires China now, it will not affect Ningyu to send people to learn the essence of Western culture and science and technology, only by integrating those things into the traditional Chinese civilization, can the Chinese civilization, which has been somewhat dying, be revitalized, and if the industrial revolution can be carried out first, China biquge.xyz will always be at the top of the world.

At the same time, Ning Yu is also wary of one thing in his heart, that is, with the deepening of exchanges between China and the West, not only is he actively learning Western things, but Westerners are actually actively learning the essence of the East.

According to Ning Yu's understanding, many missionaries come to China now, in addition to shouldering the mission of preaching, they also have another task, that is, to learn China's industrial science and technology, and then bring them back to Europe.

In the next few decades, Western missionaries will bring all the relevant things of Confucian culture back to the West, and will become the research object of Western philosophers, such as the future Voltaire, Quenet and other pioneers of the European Enlightenment, will conduct in-depth research on Confucianism, just like in the future Quenet will even be called "Confucius of Europe", in addition to Diderot, Holbach and others will also be deeply influenced by Chinese culture.

In the next few decades, China's agricultural treasure book "The Complete Book of Agricultural Administration", which recorded the chapters of silkworm raising and cotton planting, as well as China's unique giant paper manufacturing technology, tung oil production technology, and even China's unique porcelain, tea planting and other technologies have been learned by Europeans one after another, and have also been surpassed, completely changing China's monopoly position in these industries.

Throughout the eighteenth century, it took only a few decades for Chinese craftsmanship to be overtaken by the Europeans from leading the world, which made Ning Yu particularly hateful, but fortunately he returned to the early eighteenth century, all this has not happened, and there is still time to correct, because of this, Ning Yu will set up a special control of strategic materials, including related books, which are absolutely not allowed to be exported and not allowed to be leaked.

Although Ningyu opposes the closure of the country, it resolutely demands the protection of its own relevant technology, so that in the future era, the Chinese fist products, such as tea, silk, porcelain, etc., can be exchanged for China's industrial development funds and raw materials, so the technological blockade of the West has been fully launched in the whole of Dachu.