Chapter Eighty-Six: Chaos and Dawn
When the selenge river was talking and deceiving, the gong of Qi had already rushed back to the capital.
The army has not yet fully withdrawn, and the emperor and a number of important ministers have already returned to Beijing first.
The news of the great victory in the north has spread all over the world, although it has not yet been completely over, and before the time to sue the Taimiao, the emperor took the opportunity to boast that he commanded the Ruoding Fortress, which is already known to everyone.
For a while, there was a lot of sycophancy, and Li Gan couldn't say how useful he was, and the prestige in the army, which he cared about more, also soared.
As soon as the urgency of Qi Guogong arrived, it was said that there was a secret agreement with the insiders, but it was impossible not to discuss this kind of matter without consulting with the ministers.
Forbidden City Heavenly Blessing Palace, Dashun Heavenly Blessing Palace, the military peace chapter or the cabinet ministers who add the same level chapter to the throne.
The militaristic affairs sound like the prime minister, which is really domineering, but in fact it is ten streets away from the prime minister.
The cabinet ministers of the previous dynasty themselves said that the so-called cabinet ministers and ministers are just borrowing the authority of the emperor and encroaching on the power of Zhu Cao, but in fact they are just a secretary's ear.
At the time of the founding of the Great Shun, the first batch of Pingzhang military and state affairs rebelled and died, and they really had no ability to open a government. Now, after several changes, the balance of rights and responsibilities has gradually become clear.
In order to control the selection of officials, the Department of Literature and Selection of Officials was stripped from the government of officials and upgraded to the Academy of Scholars, and some other departments were added to be subordinate to the Temple of Heavenly Blessing.
Tianyou Hall actually has some more supervision and personnel powers than the cabinet of the previous dynasty, but the military and state affairs of Pingzhang are not the heads of the six governments, nor do they have direct control, and the actual head of Tianyou Hall is still the emperor.
Now in the Tianyou Hall of the Imperial Court, there are a total of six Pingzhang military and state affairs with titles.
One is a noble born and weighted general; One is the head of Wude Palace.
The remaining four people were all selected by the imperial examination.
But these four people are different schools of thought, and they don't like each other, at least they don't like each other in front of the emperor.
The official intention of Dashun is to promote the study of the merits of the Zhedong School as the official consciousness.
However, the science of science and mind has been inherited for a long time, coupled with the confusion of thought at the end of the Ming Dynasty, and it is still in a stage of "breaking but not standing".
There are many criticisms of science, but there is no real Confucian like Wang Yangming.
When Dashun Taizu Xi'an was established, Hui Shiyang, one of the five tiger generals of Donglin, presided over the examination of abolishing the eight shares and focusing on strategy, and selected many talents.
After Gao Yigong restored the capital and Li came to Heng to settle in Jiangnan, the strategy of Dashun's first formal palace test marked the direction of the new dynasty.
The topic of the essay is selected from the Analects, and it is also very simple.
"Guan Zhong is not benevolent?"
As soon as the topic of the strategy came out, those Shilin clans with a sensitive sense of smell immediately smelled the direction of the wind.
This new dynasty wants an outer king, not an inner saint, and even tastes a hint of domineering.
During the rebellion at the end of the Ming Dynasty, the Confucian atmosphere in the entire Jiangnan produced various reflections and changes.
Xiao Boyi Shuqi, naturally does not eat Zhou Su.
Future generations can be officials, but they don't do it themselves, which is a traditional temperament. Prime Minister Wen does not prevent his brother, eldest son and nephew from investing in the Yuan, as long as he is loyal to the previous dynasty.
If you don't want to be an official, and you have to be loyal to the previous dynasty, you naturally have to think about why the late Ming Dynasty was mixed up like this.
Someone has to come out and take the blame.
The Yansheng Mansion was demoted to the Fenghou because of shaving his hair, if the descendants don't take the blame, then Confucius will have to take the blame.
So Wang Yangming carried the cauldron first.
For a while, his evaluation can be compared with Wang Anshi.
Compared with Wang Anshi, in the Song and Ming dynasties, it basically means that this person has caused trouble in the world.
Wang Fuzhi, Gu Yanwu and others hated the behavior of literati in the late Ming Dynasty who "talked about their minds and did not do business", thinking that this was the root cause of the chaos in the late Ming Dynasty.
Gu Yanwu said politely, saying that with one person to change the atmosphere of the world, there was Wang Anshi's new learning in the Song Dynasty, and now there is Wang Yangming's conscience. If you want to reverse the troubled times, you can only wait for future generations.
Wang Fuzhi was directly unkind, calling Wang Yangming "Jiangzuo Wang", saying that he was a Yang Confucian, a Yin Buddha, and a slander of heresy. It is necessary to be responsible for the late Ming Dynasty scholars who do not do their jobs and think about enlightenment and sanctification all day long.
Wang Anshi's evaluation has always been that he has excellent character and talent, but he has brought bad atmosphere. These people used this matter to make Wang Yangming take the blame, in the same vein, and recognized his level, but there is always a need for a back-handed man.
After these people criticized, they found that the imperial court actually used Wang Anshi's three-way method in Wude Palace and the camp of his subordinates, and went to "The Mean" for scientific research, and did not use Zhu Zi's annotations.
Public opinion gradually turned, and turned to let Zhu Xi carry the cauldron. But there are those who want to let them take the blame, and there are those who want to let them not carry it.
At the end of the Ming Dynasty, the study of mind opened the confinement of science, but just like the Italian Renaissance, it brought about hedonism, indulgence, moral degradation and other problems.
Some people believe that indulgence is wrong, moralism should be increased, and that the religion of science and etiquette should not only not be abolished, but should also be strengthened.
In addition, with the spread of Catholicism in China, some people thought of "supplementing Confucianism with Yahweh" and integrating the Ten Commandments of Catholicism with rituals.
Some people even wonder, my Catholicism can't beat Confucianism in China, and I can't beat Buddhism?
It is impossible to replace Confucianism, so why not replace Buddhism and become the closest supplement to the relationship with Confucianism?
As a result, some people have proposed that the so-called Buddhism is a variant of Catholicism after its spread to the East. The Trinity is the same as the Three Buddhas of Buddhism.
Incarnate as a Buddha, the Buddha's body that appears in order to get rid of sentient beings in the world, following the teachings of fate and responding to the changes of the Three Realms and the Six Realms. In fact, even Jesus walked on earth in the same way. Dharmakaya Buddha is the Holy Father; The Buddha is the Holy Spirit.
By the way, he used Buddhism not to kill, and asked the people of the Buddhist family what they think of King Wen's sacrifice and Confucius's sacrifice? Unable to defeat the deep-rooted Confucianism, Buddhism was first beaten with the power of Confucianism, and there were even cases of believers beating each other, martyrdom and martial warfare, and burning temples and churches.
In addition, Wang Yangming is considered by some people to be "Yang Confucianism and Yin Interpretation", and he even carried a cauldron of misunderstanding and misunderstanding of the country with his understanding and heart. The Shi family was defeated one after another, and the spread of Catholicism became more ferocious.
There are also some conservative parties who severely criticize the incompatibility between Catholicism and Confucianism, and even violate it. Catholicism believes that the use of Chinese words such as "God" and "God" tarnished DEUS; Some Confucians also think that it is disrespectful for Catholics to use words like God and God.
For a time, the entire cultural and ideological circles were even more chaotic than they were at the end of the Ming Dynasty.
Strange theories are emerging.
On the whole, it is confined to congenital deficiencies, and it has not appeared after it has been broken, but it is almost broken.
From Confucius and Mencius to Yangming, various schools sprayed each other, holding magnifying glasses to find each other's shortcomings, and the real demons danced wildly for 80 years.
In addition to not daring to deny the absolute political correctness of "Confucianism," various schools of thought in the name of Confucianism have formed associations and theories, each with its own opinions.
Dashun officials put on a posture to use the Yongjia Yongkang school in the Song Dynasty, the study of merit, and it has finally stopped the great confusion of thought in the past few years.
But this is only the surface of the calm, under the calm, the undercurrent is surging.
There was a dispute between the Western French Party and the conservative party, as well as a dispute between Northern Confucianism and Southern Confucianism.
The Yongjia school was born in eastern Zhejiang, where industry and commerce were developed, and it was sad and indignant at the shame of Jingkang and the southern expedition not to the north, and it was extremely meritorious, believing that the distinction between righteousness and benefit needed to be carefully studied.
By the time Dashun adopted it as its official ideology, the environmental basis of the entire dynasty was completely different from that of the Song Dynasty.
The Six Classics note me, I note the Six Classics, the north and the south each have an explanation of the Zhedong School, and neither of them thinks that the other is right.
You can't be wrong that the economic base determines the superstructure.
The northerners witnessed the terrible land annexation at the end of the Ming Dynasty, experienced the uselessness of empty talk, and witnessed the tragedy of the negligent landcast.
Yan Yuan of the northern faction denounced "Those who came to Confucianism in the Song and Yuan dynasties became accustomed to women, which is very shameful." 'Nothing to do and talk about your heart, and repay the king when you die', that is, it is the best grade."
It advocates directly skipping Song Confucianism and returning to the fundamentalist Confucianism of the Spring and Autumn Period.
He even thinks that as a Confucian student, he should "learn etiquette, sing poetry, learn calligraphy, lift stones, overdistance and boxing, and take the three as the course, discuss soldiers and agriculture, and distinguish between business and ancient times", not only to learn poetry and etiquette, but also to learn mathematics, boxing, body method, martial arts, art of war, and agriculture......
However, in terms of land policy, this faction, which has seen the suffering of the displaced people in the north, has the idea of a radical retro "well field".
This panic was especially aggravated when some missionaries brought in stories such as the enclosure movement in the West and pamphlets such as "Utopia".
Even if it is impossible to retro all the wells, at least the suppression of mergers and acquisitions must be done.
It is not allowed to hire workers on a large scale, nor is it allowed to overdevelop industry and commerce, so as not to appear in the Dashun version of sheep eating people. But it hasn't gone back to the feudal feudal monarch yet.
For the imperial court's official study of the Shigong School, the Northern School also supported it.
thinks that "if Chen Liang's knowledge can flourish, although it will inevitably be mixed with domineering, it is not the king's way, but at least the common people can be lucky." It's a pity that the learning of Zhu Xi and others has flourished, so that the dynasties have alternated, and the world has fallen like this. ”
For the imperial court's trial of the three-way method in the Wude Palace, the northern school also recognized.
I don't think this retro revival is enough, and it shouldn't just be tried in the basic plate.
It should be returned to the Suhu teaching method when Fan Zhongyan Qingli Xingxue, and the school is divided into scriptures and righteousness: the school should not only teach the scriptures, but also teach the art of war, governing the people, arithmetic, water conservancy, astronomy, agriculture, fencing, etc.
The main study is the scripture and righteousness, and the governance is the minor.
The major is a major plus an elective minor, and you must pass both to advance.
In this way, after everyone who reads the book can do the right thing, instead of knowing the debate all day long, and not knowing anything about the right thing.
Chanting: I will break a point of Cheng Zhu, and start with a point of Confucius and Meng! There is quite a bit of smashing Kong's shop and rescuing Confucius.
The ideal is beautiful, but the reality is cruel.
It has cost too much for the imperial court to maintain a set of three-rounding methods for making basic plates.
If the whole country is to promote education and carry out fasting education, I am afraid that I will have to use the pants of the household government Shangshu.
No money.
As for the Southern School.
They are rooted in the economically developed Jiangnan, where the sprout has been reflected, and their interpretation of the Eastern Zhejiang School is closer to "the integration of agriculture and commerce, the development of industry and commerce, trade and industry, the power of the state to support businessmen, and the circulation of currency." ”
There are even some people who believe that the state should carry out currency reform, on the one hand, try to reuse Jiaozi banknotes, and on the other hand, it should also properly learn from Westerners and mint silver coins.
As for the opening of the sea and trade, they also supported it.
Of course, they were also opposed to heavy taxation and, even more, to royal monopolies.
Regarding the matter of "benefiting workers through trade and supporting businessmen with the power of the state", they said more bluntly:
What kind of bullshit is the distinction between righteousness and profit, and the dispute between the last and the end? It is just that some people want to plunder the wealth of the country for their own personal use. If it is true that the suppression of business is for the sake of righteousness, then it is enough. But looking at the later performance, where is the righteousness of plundering the profits of merchants for their own use? It is clearly for one's own selfish interests, but to say that it is for righteousness, it is really both appropriate and just.
As for who they are...... It's not too straightforward.
But the problem is that they are still in a broken stage for the time being, and they are in a vague and hazy concept of economics.
In addition, they are not actually anti-merger, thinking that the people after the merger can engage in industrial and commercial profits, which is a bit too radical at this time.
If you dare to use this, the north may have to eat and drink your mother again.
The dispute between the north and the south caused by this difference in economic foundation has become the fundamental contradiction between the two parties in the struggle for "orthodox commentators of the Zhedong School".
Dashun has seen the displacement everywhere after the merger, and he also started with this, and the southern school only has a hazy impression, and it is not systematic at all, so naturally he does not dare to use it.
The prosperity of Wenhua began in the south of the Yangtze River, a place of finance and taxation, and a rich culture is prosperous.
The contradictions between the Northern School and the Southern School are deepening, and they both insist on their own foreign policies, trade policies, land policies, tax policies, and so on.
As for which official ideology to choose, it is still undecided.
This kind of ideological ban and chaos at the end of the Ming Dynasty has not yet ended, and there is no orthodox learning in the true sense.
Broken is broken, standing but not standing, and there are hundreds of years of Song, Yuan, and Ming dynasties, and the depth of science, even if the previous dynasty had the heart to learn to break the prison, and the current dynasty has revitalized the merit, after all, it is not so easy to reverse.
is like Wang Yangming's psychology, he can realize the Tao, but many of those who later learned the mind were crooked.
In the late Ming Dynasty, Dashun vigorously promoted the revanchism of the rise of the Southern Song Dynasty school, coupled with the remnants of science and the reversal of psychology, which completely changed its flavor in Confucianism. It is difficult to learn and make meritorious contributions, but the slogan of shouting the Heavenly Empire and the Quartet is much simpler, and within a few years of the founding of the country, there are more and more people who talk about it.
The people in the Tianyou Palace, after all, are better, they are all human spirits killed on the single-plank bridge, but they can also be messy.
In addition to the two noble and noble generals of the Wude Palace, there are four left, one from the northern faction, one from the heretical Catholic Confucianism who can be burned at the stake, one from the southern faction, and one from the heresy.