In the current market, the biggest problem of square hole copper coins has always been that private coins cannot be eliminated, and these privately minted copper coins are very chaotic, the fineness has seriously declined, and the depreciation is so severe that everyone wants to keep the official copper coins with high value in their hands, and the private copper coins with low value are spent, which will lead to the popular bad coins on the market.

Once this situation is maintained for a long time, the result is that the number of bad money gradually increases, and eventually the good money is eliminated, that is, the bad money drives out the good money.

For the current Ning Chu, its official standard copper coins have not yet been officially released, and the copper coins used are basically the previous privately minted copper coins and the copper coins of the Qing court, which is obviously not a long-term solution.

Therefore, for Ningyu, gold and silver coins are very important, but the copper coins that can be circulated in the hands of the people are even more important, which can better adapt to the needs of the new economic situation, so as to completely replace the private copper coins on the market.

If you want to solve this problem, you need to use the copper dollar to recycle the private copper coins on the market through replacement, so the proportion of this exchange has a certain point, the proportion is low, it will lose money, and the proportion is high and no one is willing to exchange, which tests the ability and determination of the imperial court in this regard.

Of course, this is also related to the value of the copper dollar itself, that is, the copper content of the copper dollar itself, if the copper content is too low, it will not be recognized.

Ning Yu looked at the copper coin in his hand and said in a low voice: "How much does it cost to mint this copper dollar?" What about the copper content? ”

"Your Majesty, at present, this Da Chu copper yuan weighs two coins, containing nine percent of copper, plus white lead, tin and other materials, it can be worth twelve Wen, and one hundred copper dollars can be exchanged for one silver dollar."

Ernst has worked hard in this area, and this ratio is just enough to make a profit, and the fineness of the silver dollars produced is good enough to meet the needs of daily circulation.

Of course, this copper dollar is worth 12 copper coins, which is also based on the copper coins currently on the market, because the private copper coins on the market are not high in copper content, so one or two silver can probably be exchanged for 1,100 to 1,300 coins.

Ning Yu also has a certain understanding of these, so he recognizes this ratio in his heart, but he is still a little worried, that is, although the copper coins are not as good as the copper dollars in terms of fineness, the combined weight of the twelve copper coins is much larger than the copper yuan, so in this regard, many people will be more worried.

However, this cannot be solved all at once, and can only be slowly changed in circulation. Therefore, Ning Yu was not so worried, and now he thought of another point to worry about.

"There is another question, a copper dollar nowadays is equivalent to twelve copper coins in the past, so what should we do with this kind of trading below twelve Wen?"

After all, most people's daily expenses in this year are only a few copper coins, like a penny, and you can go to the sauce garden store to buy a bowl of soy sauce, vinegar, oil and wine, which is called "four bowls and one penny". There is also the price of rice, and at the lowest time, you can buy one liter as long as five or six yuan, that is, one and a half catties, which is completely enough to raise the stove and raise the fire of the small people.

Therefore, even the copper dollar is actually difficult to completely penetrate the lives of the people, at least for the time being, a smaller unit of coins is needed to undertake transactions below one copper dollar.

Ernst thought for a while, and quickly said: "Then issue auxiliary coins, you can issue small copper dollars of one dime and five jiao, and use them instead, but the auxiliary coins cannot be so high in copper content, otherwise it will be easy to be melted down." ”

Ning Yu nodded slightly, "The fineness of the auxiliary coins can be lower, and I will strictly crack down on the private minting behavior on the market, kill those who should be killed, and exile those who should be exiled, this matter must be severely punished." ”

"Yes, Your Majesty."

After formulating the gold and silver coin system, Ningyu also issued an order for the minting of new coins and old coins, first of all, the provinces that had set up bureaus to mint money in the past were not allowed to mint money on their own, and all the coins should come from the Ministry of Finance and the Central Bank.

In addition, each time the mint minted the Dachu gold, silver and copper coins, they must be submitted to the Ministry of Finance for registration, and the Ministry of Finance will send important personnel to inspect them at any time, and after passing the inspection of the Ministry of Finance, they will be sent to the Central Bank for issuance.

According to Ernst's currency plan, paper money cannot be used as a real circulating currency at present, because it does not yet have the conditions for large-scale distribution, and only when the new gold, silver and copper coins completely replace other circulating currencies on the market can they be considered as a supplement and issued by the central bank.

In view of this, Ning Yu still has a certain psychological preparation in his heart, after all, he can't eat a fat man in one breath, and it is already very difficult to unify the currency system first and turn gold, silver and copper coins into mainstream copper coins.

As for the technical problems of the coinage itself, it lies in the coinage machine itself, as well as the problem of material ratio.

In today's era, China's coinage technology is still the traditional mother coin sand turning process, which is mainly divided into three steps, the first step is to use tin blocks or other materials, manually according to the pre-designed coin shape, and the written money carved out of the money sample, that is, the mother money.

After having the mother money, begin to use the mother money to make the clay fan, and then use the carved mother, open the gate, the straight sprue and the sub-sprue on the face fan and the back fan, and then in turn make the face fan and the back fan close the box, tie it with a rope, and then cast the dissolved copper water one by one, and wait until it cools, then open the box and take out the cast mother money, and polish it.

The process has not changed much since the Sui and Tang dynasties, which is something that makes Ning Yu more depressed, because there is no better improvement trend, but it can no longer meet the current demand for coinage.

According to Ernst, Europe is currently machine-made currency, and there are two main ways to make money, one is stamping and the other is crushing.

The so-called stamping coin is used by a kind of spiral press to replace the traditional hammering process. This kind of machine is actually a manual twist of the screw above the machine, so that a mold is lowered and hit the other side of the mold where the coin blank is placed, so as to achieve coinage, but this method of coining still requires a lot of manpower, so it is not popular at present.

At present, in Europe, the more popular way of grinding coins, that is, the mold is engraved on two parallel cylindrical rollers, and then the rollers are used to roll the bar blank into shape, and then the finished figure is cut from the bar blank, through this process can greatly speed up the speed of coinage, the pattern formed by rolling is also more clear and uniform, and the coin looks more exquisite.

Because of these advantages, many countries in Europe are now using this technique, such as the beautiful large Taylor silver coins. Later, in order to better develop this technology, a water turbine was used to drive the rolling, so as to increase the output.

Of course, this technique is not without disadvantages, mainly because it is crushed by two rollers, which makes the coins susceptible to some bending, and in addition, the synchronization rate between the two cylinders must be tight, and if there is a slight deviation, it will cause the imprinted pattern to be misaligned.

"Your Majesty, in terms of the current coinage technology, the minister recommends choosing the method of using hydraulic crushing coinage, which can quickly realize the minting of a large number of coins." Ernst said softly, for the current Ning Chu, it is urgent to create a large number of new currencies in a short period of time, so as to complete the exit of the old copper coins.

However, for Ning Yu, this was not the best measure, he slowly shook his head, and said softly: "Ernst, the research and development of the steam engine is very rapid at present, and it has entered the final adjustment stage, if the steam engine is applied to the stamping and coin technology, is it feasible?" ”

"Steam engine!"

Ernst's eyes lit up, he quickly understood what Ning Yu meant, and said in a loud voice: "Your Majesty, you are simply a genius!" At present, the efficiency of stamping coins is purely due to manual reasons, if you can use a steam engine, you can achieve rapid and large-scale coinage, and the stamped coins will not have the problem of bending, and the misprint rate will be greatly reduced! ”

Ning Yu had a smile on his face, this is the magic of the steam engine, as long as it can be used, it can bring earth-shaking changes to many industries, so with the steam engine, there is everything in the industrial age!

In particular, there is another advantage, that is, the currency made by steam engine stamping, which cannot be forged by traditional casting technology, it can be said that as long as the coins made by this process are not necessary to worry about someone counterfeiting for a long time, it can effectively prevent counterfeit money from running rampant in the market.

After this series was settled, the new currency system was promulgated to the whole world through the cabinet through the emperor's edict. Of course, due to the production time, the official release date is set for the first day of July in the second half of the year, and anyone can exchange copper coins, silver taels, gold, etc.

Of course, this time the currency change behavior is also very normal, because any emperor at the beginning of his ascension to the throne will start to mint new coins of his own year name, and there are not many people like Ning Yu who have delayed it until the second year, so this matter has not caused too many waves.

What really caused waves, in addition to the promulgation of new gold, silver and copper coins, there are several regulations, one of which is the gold and silver control regulations, that is, after the issuance of standard gold, silver and copper currency, gold and silver can not be directly used in daily transactions to buy and sell, but need to go to the bank to exchange for currency, in order to achieve transactions, the exchange ratio is one or two silver for one yuan of silver, one or two gold for one yuan of gold, of which the exchange ratio with gold and silver is more floating.

The second is the traditional square-hole copper coin, which needs to be exchanged for new currency within a year after the issuance of the new currency, of which 12 copper coins can be exchanged for one copper dollar, 1,200 copper coins can be exchanged for one silver dollar, and one silver dollar can be exchanged for 100 copper dollars. After the expiration of one year, the traditional square-hole copper coins were completely withdrawn from the market.

Although many people feel strange about this article, they are not too opposed, because in their lives, it is very troublesome to use the silver taels, and it will be easier to exchange them in this way, and there is no idea about the rest, after all, the new currency will be issued for a long time.

.......

In the capital in April, the weather is gloomy and uncertain, just like people's hearts, and they can't stop worrying.

At the same time, a rumor began to circulate in Zhili and Shandong, that is, Emperor Yongzheng did not succeed to the throne, and Emperor Kangxi actually instructed to pass the throne to the fourteenth elder brother Yunyu before leaving, but the fourth brother secretly changed the "fourteenth elder brother" to "the fourth elder brother", so as to seek the big position.

The rumors spread with a nose and a word, and even those who participated at that time said it, what Long Keduo Qingtian was driving, and what Zhang Tingyu revised the edict...... In the eyes of real insiders, these things are naturally not worth mentioning jokes, but they have considerable credibility among the people.

In fact, this is still the sequelae of the rebellion during the Kangxi period, several princes fought openly and secretly, but they lifted the fig leaf on the bright side, so even if Yongzheng succeeded to the throne in a dignified manner, there were still many doubts, so that this conspiracy theory was popular.

When everyone thinks that what they know is the truth, the results tend to become even more ridiculous and sad.

If it were in the past, these rumors would naturally not have any impact on Yongzheng, but now, with Yongzheng's reclamation of Manchuria and the cutting of the Eight Banners of hardcore crops, as well as the spread of measures such as spreading into acres, they have become a tool for many people with intentions to attack Yongzheng, and they are trying to discredit Yongzheng's improper position, so as to deny everything about Yongzheng.

"Hehe, brothers, you have to understand, his fourth child is not in the right position! In order to be the emperor, he killed how many of our people, and now he has fallen into the devil, saying that he is fighting with the south, but in fact, he has used all the knives on our banner people! ”

Several well-dressed men were sitting together at this time, speaking with a man with a scar on his face, and the corners of his mouth showed a sneer, "Now his fourth brother is going to drive us all back to Manchuria, so that he can sit firmly in this position, this is cutting off the foundation of my Eight Banners in the Guannei!" ”

"That's it, so many Han people were recruited into the Eight Banners in the front, and now we are letting the real Eight Banners return to Manchuria, what is his idea, really our flag people can't see it?"

"Humph! He really underestimated the heroes of the world! ”

The men next to them clamored one after another, they were originally the blood and blood in the Eight Banners of Beijing, it can be said that they have been in this capital since they were born, and they are all used to enjoying the lord, but now not only can they not enjoy it, but they were also sent back to Manchuria by an edict, how can they be convinced?

The man with the scar on his face saw the crowd in turmoil, and immediately whispered: "Brothers, you have to understand that this world was originally our great general king!" But his fourth bully general, Wang, was still leading troops at that time, and changed the edict, otherwise what would happen to him? ”

As soon as he said this, it caused everyone to sigh and sigh, and there were many people who were angry.

"If the Great General King became the emperor, how could our Eight Banners suffer so much and suffer so many crimes? His old man knows our Eight Banners the most, and this world is to let people like the fourth child give him a ho! ”