Li Luo really wanted to ask, even if you treat the Han people as slaves, slaves are always property, right? If you have killed all the people, who will feed you?

The Yuan law stipulates that the Han people steal horses and cut off their noses. The Mongols stole horses and made up for the horses. Semu returned to steal the horse and was fined.

The Han killed the Mongols or Semu Hui and were executed by Ling Chi. The Mongols or Semu Hui killed the Han people, and only fined 50 taels of silver for burning and burying them.

The Han people here, of course, refer to the "free people".

But if you kill a fugitive slave, you don't even have to be punished with money, and you even have merit. In the Yuan Dynasty, there was no charge of killing good people and taking meritorious service.

The massacres of the Manchu Qing Dynasty, in terms of intensity, scale, and duration, were far worse than those of the Mongol Yuan.

Li Luo really wanted to kill this hundred household officials named Wasson, but he couldn't.

"Hundred officials, please tell me, how many livestock and how many slaves are raised in Gu'an Ranch now?"

The man replied: "The town guard officials of a state have more than 3,000 war horses, tens of thousands of cattle and sheep, and 500 official slaves in Gu'an Ranch. ”

Li Luo understood. There are 300 households of officials and slaves, and each household is counted as only four, and there are also 2,000 people. This is just an official slave, not counting the private slaves of these Tanma Red Army.

There are so many Han slaves in a government-run ranch, what about the whole country?

The "History of the Yuan" records that there were only four million people in the north of the Yuan Dynasty (north of the Huai River), which is really a big joke, and fools don't believe it.

Just a few decades ago, the country of Jin, with a population of more than 50 million, why is there not a tenth of it now? At the end of the Jin Dynasty and the beginning of the Yuan Dynasty, there was no great plague in the north. Even if it is slaughtered, it is impossible to kill forty or fifty million.

However, the "History of the Yuan" recorded conclusively that there were only a few million people left in the north of the Yuan Dynasty. This is the "History of the Yuan", and the historical materials come from the archives of the Yuan Dynasty, not the history of the wild.

So where did all the population go?

Very simple.

The first is that he became a slave (expulsion) and lost his status as a free man, so he was not counted in the yellow book of household taxpayers.

The second is to become a "private subordinate", that is, a "feudal people" of large and small lords, belonging to half people and half slaves. "Casting the people to seal the people" is also not included in the statistics.

The third is to become a homeless person, and the government cannot count it.

Slaves are divided into official slaves and private slaves according to their nature, and are divided into more than a dozen categories according to their use, such as military slaves, artisan slaves, worker slaves, serfs, herdsmen, domestic slaves, palace slaves, music slaves, prostitute slaves, mine slaves, weaving slaves, ship slaves, post slaves, temple slaves, etc.

The Han Chinese, of course, are the majority. A small number were Jurchens, Khitans, and Dangxiang people, most of whom were counted as Han Chinese by the Yuan court.

The number of slaves in the entire north is at least more than 10 million.

If you do the math, you will know that the nobles and royal clans of the Yuan Dynasty had tens of thousands of slaves at every turn.

The powerful ministers of the upper roots, the ten thousand households of Nayan, and the thousand households of Nayan also had a considerable number of slaves... Even the smallest of the ten households, Nayan, the first master, and the chief of the guard, and those who have dozens of slaves abound.

Big and small Mongolian officials, Hui Hui master, that is not a slave owner?

The "private belongings" of half-people and half-slaves are more than 10 million (only in the north).

The number of displaced people is definitely more than 10 million (only in the north).

A large number of slaves, semi-slaves, and displaced people are not counted, coupled with brutal massacres, which made the northern part of the Yuan Dynasty become a population of "millions".

The situation in the South seems to be much better. At this time, there were 60 million people in the south, which seemed to be only about 20 million less than in the Southern Song Dynasty. There were fewer slaves, private dependents, and outcasts than in the north.

However, the problem is that although there are many "free people" in the south, they are made worse than dead by the harsh taxes and miscellaneous taxes (the tax and grain system and the poor system) and the oppression of the hierarchy (the lowest in the south).

When the Mongol Empire did not invade the south, the population of the Jin Kingdom was more than 50 million, the Southern Song Dynasty was more than 80 million, the Western Xia and Dali had several million each, and the population of the entire China region exceeded 140 million.

But at the beginning of the Yuan Dynasty, there were only 70 million people (the population counted).

Therefore, it is not wrong to say that the Yuan Dynasty belonged to a typical semi-slave and semi-feudal society.

The Yuan Dynasty was far superior to the Qing Dynasty in terms of military force, and its core fundamentals were stronger than those of the Qing Dynasty, but its reign was much shorter than that of the Qing Dynasty, because its system was too backward. How can it last long to forcibly rule the advanced Han land with a backward system?

The brutality of the system has turned the "dignified Dayuan" into a primitive government with strong tribal colors, so that many unbelievable things have appeared.

For example, Li Luo knew a very ridiculous political phenomenon in the Yuan Dynasty: the guards were chaotic.

There are so many dynasties in China, and the Yuan Dynasty is the only dynasty that can have a guard chaos (cowardly Xue chaos), which is so strange that it flies.

Do you think that the chaotic government of the guards of the Yuan Dynasty is similar to the chaotic government of the eunuchs of the Han, Tang and Ming dynasties?

No, no, you're thinking too much.

The eunuchs of the Han and Tang dynasties generally coaxed or persecuted the emperor. Cowardly Xue Lu (guards) No, they directly stole the emperor's jade seal to make a lot of blank holy decrees, and filled in the content themselves.

After Kublai Khan's death, Ouchi's guards let themselves go. Today you write a decree to reward me, and tomorrow I write a decree to reward you. Or, if you "decree" the removal of my officials, I will "decree" the removal of your officials.

According to historical records, within the most arrogant thirteen years, the guards issued more than 6,400 "holy decrees". The holy decree of Dadu flies out every day, involving major matters such as personnel, soldiers and horses, money and food, etc., which are chaotic and smoky.

Magistrates have been promoted by the guards to the central government to become senior officials, and in many places the official property has fallen into private pockets, and in some places the tax rate has changed, some people have been dismissed, some people have been killed without guilt, and some people have been released if they are guilty...... The emperor didn't even know.

Or even if you knew, it didn't matter.

Wasson told Li Luo that there were more than 3,000 war horses in the pasture, which also surprised Li Luo. This is not a large ranch, there are thousands of war horses.

The number of war horses in the Yuan Dynasty is too huge.

The total number of cavalry in the four major military systems of the Yuan army was in the millions, and according to the calculation of one person and two horses, two million war horses were needed.

The grassland simply could not raise two million war horses, so it could only be supplemented by raising a large number of horses in North China and Northwest China.

According to historical records, Guanzhong was still lush in vegetation at the end of the Jin Dynasty, just like the Han and Tang dynasties, and there was no loess at all. Chang'an's loss of status as the capital has nothing to do with desertification.

The desertification of Guanzhong was mainly caused by horse breeding in the Yuan Dynasty. During the Yuan Dynasty, Guanzhong raised tens of thousands of horses all year round, and the price was that 800 miles of fertile soil became the Loess Plateau. At the end of the Yuan Dynasty, Guanzhong was really not good.

A large number of horses were raised in northern China, which also left a fatal hidden danger for Meng Yuan. As a result, the Red Turban Army had a large number of war horses available, and could fight large-scale cavalry battles with the Yuan Army in the North China Plain, becoming the most local tyrant of the peasant uprising.

The horse farms all over the country provided convenience for the anti-Yuan rebel army to form cavalry. Zhu Yuanzhang became strong because he got the "Luzhou Horse Farm".

Li Luo asked a few words casually and continued on the road. As for whether Wasson would bury the body, he didn't care.

Hundreds of people are dead, what's the point of burying them or not?

Li Luo did not ride again, but got into the carriage.

Cui Xiuning lowered the curtain of the carriage with a pale face and asked, "Which part does this group of Yuan troops belong to?" ”

Li Luo said: "Dadu Road Town, Wu Tan Ma Chijun Ten Thousand Households, Fixed Prefecture Thousand Households. ”

Cui Xiuning gritted his teeth and said, "I want them to die." ”

Li Luo smiled bitterly: "I can't do it now." ”

"Didn't let you do it now." The police flower looked indifferent, "If you can do it in the future, you will do it." ”

Li Luo said: "There are many, many such Yuan troops, especially the Mongol army and the Tanma Red Army, almost all of them are butchers, and each person has killed at least ten people on average. ”

What he said was definitely not an exaggeration.

Cui Xiuning was silent. After a long time, he said, "In the future, you can kill as much as you can." Such a violent group with a penchant for slaughter cannot exist. ”

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