After repeated searches, the fleet determined that there were no more fish that had slipped through the net, and the sailors pushed the bound Spaniards to the side of the ship and shot them, and threw the corpses directly into the sea! The Spaniards tried to resist, but they were all killed cleanly!

The hands-on Marines were not only interested in the massacre of the Spaniards, but also scrambled for the opportunity to do so. Because before the war, Liu Pei asked the instructors to tell the soldiers that we are not killing prisoners, but righteous revenge!

The instructors have turned out a lot of things from various historical materials, and they will tell everyone about the massacre of Chinese in Spain!

In 1574, the great pirate Lin Feng led an attack on Luzon (the main island of the Philippines), aiming at the city of Manila, but both attacks ended in failure. Although the Spanish colonial authorities repelled Lin Feng's invasion, they also feared the energy of the Chinese.

In 1593, the Governor of the Philippines, Das Marinas, was killed by Pan and Wu during his expedition to the Moluccas for mistreating Chinese laborers, which reinforced the colonial authorities' perception. Under these circumstances, the colonial authorities began to incite a wave of anti-Chinese exclusion, which led to a growing intensification of relations between the two sides.

By 1602, the total number of Chinese in the Philippines had increased to more than 40,000, while the number of Spaniards was only about 2,000. The proliferation of the Chinese population caused fear among the colonial authorities, and the only viable way to overcome this fear was to carry out brutal deportations or massacres.

At this time, a "nonsensical" move by the Ming government gave the colonial authorities a good opportunity to carry out the massacre. It turned out that in 1603, a man named Zhang Wei, in order to seek wealth, wrote to Mingshenzong, vainly saying that there is a Jiyi Mountain on the island of the Philippines that is rich in golden beans, and if you send people to develop it, you can get immeasurable benefits. Shenzong was originally a money-hungry master, and he was overjoyed after seeing Zhang Wei's letter, no matter how the ministers tried to explain the absurdity of this statement, they resolutely decided to send Wang Shihe and others to investigate.

Later, there was a matter of Yishan, since the gold mining in the noble tail four, out of a delusional man Zhang Wei is more novel. It is said that there is an organic mountain in Luzon, and the golden beans on it are self-generated, and people can take them, and they can get huge millions, and there is no ban. There was an edict to Fujian, and the courtiers said that it was wrong and did not report it. Fujian insisted on it, and it was to send King Haicheng and 100 households to survey his place. See "Examination of the East and the West, Vol. 5, Luzon".

After Wang Shihe and his entourage arrived in the Philippines, after consulting with the local Chinese, they found that there was no Jiyi Mountain where "golden beans grow on their own", and what Zhang Wei said was pure nonsense. Wang Shihe and others were bored with themselves, and then returned to China to resume their lives. Although the incident ended in a dramatic ending, the Spanish colonial authorities used it as an excuse to spread rumors that Chinese merchants were plotting to rebel and would cooperate with the Ming Dynasty army in invading the Philippines.

In October of the same year, the colonial army launched a massacre of the local Chinese, using artillery to flatten the settlement of Chinese merchants "Jiannei", forcing the Chinese to flee to Dalun Mountain for refuge. However, due to the lack of food and clothing, the Chinese in Dalun Mountain soon fell into great starvation, and finally had to take the risk of attacking the city of Manila. However, in the face of the superior firepower of the colonial army, the Chinese, who fought against them with only flesh and blood, were quickly defeated, and as many as 25,000 people were killed and starved to death in the valley, and only 300 survived.

On the third day of the first lunar month, the Chinese were very hungry in Dalun Mountain, they could not eat, they risked death to attack the city, razed the people and ambushed the people, burned the copper gun to kill more than 10,000 Chinese, the Chinese routed or fled, starved to death in the valley, and the corpses piled up one after another, counting the loss of 25,000 people, and only 300 survivors. See "Examination of the East and the West, Vol. 5, Luzon".

After the end of the massacre, although the Spanish colonists eliminated the "threat" of the Chinese at one time, they also risked offending the Ming Dynasty. The colonial authorities feared that the Ming Dynasty would retaliate by attacking the Ming Dynasty and cutting off trade, so they sent envoys to the Ming court to "explain" the following year. When Emperor Wanli heard this, he was furious and issued an edict to show Zhang Weixiao's head to the public, and at the same time Xu Xueju severely reprimanded the Spanish colonial authorities.

Governor Xu Xueju and others urgently changed to the court, the emperor mourned, and the law department discussed the crime of traitor. At the meeting in December of the 32nd year, the emperor said: "The emperor deceived the imperial court, provoked overseas, and caused 20,000 merchants and people to use their blades, damage the prestige and humiliate the country, and died innocently. The Luzon chieftain killed the merchants without permission, and the officials discussed the crime. See "History of the Ming Dynasty, Biography 221, Foreign Four".

Xu Xueju and others were ordered to "question" the Spanish colonial authorities, but in the "Edict to Luzon" they promulgated, although at the beginning they also declared that "the Luzon tribe thieves killed more than 10,000 people in Zhangzhang and Quanshang for no reason", which was a serious crime, but considering that the other party had a good attitude of admitting guilt, and "overseas battles, the culprit is unknown; And the four people of China, the businessmen are the most cheap, how can they be the untouchables and stir up a military revolution?", he went so far as to justify the atrocities of the other side.

The colonial authorities were relieved to see this "guilty complaint", and since then they have clearly seen the Ming Dynasty's nature of being fierce and confused, and they have become more unscrupulous in the subsequent exploitation and massacre of Chinese.

There are also deep-seated reasons why the Ming Dynasty did not return fire to Spain. In the 17th century, the inflow of silver from the Americas, coupled with the excessive printing of treasure banknotes by the Ming court, completely destroyed the credit currency system of the Ming Dynasty based on treasure money. Therefore, since the late Jiajing period, the country's monetary and financial affairs began to fall into crisis.

However, after the existence of the treasure money system in name only and the abolition of the salt introduction system, the Ming court was in fact unable to issue public bonds or credit money to solve the fiscal deficit. Moreover, the three major expeditions of Wanli have also exhausted the vitality of the empire, and it is no longer able to conquer foreign countries!

According to Davinant's calculations, England in the 17th century, political

Of the £3.3 million in annual government revenue, about £1.3 million in import duties from overseas trade alone, or about 39 percent. 14%。 After the Glorious Revolution, the government earned £2 million a year from trade and domestic manufacturing. During the same period, Dutch citizens paid more than one-third of their annual income to the government in wartime and about one-quarter of their annual income in peacetime, most of which were borne by merchants.

This was not the case in contemporaneous China. It is estimated that the total annual income of China at the end of the Ming Dynasty was 37 million taels of silver, of which the income from land was about 21 million taels of silver after being incorporated into many miscellaneous tax items; more than 10 million taels of silver; The salt class is worth 2 million taels, and the variegated project is worth 4 million taels. The large merchants and maritime merchants who traveled long distances were mainly levied on banknote tariffs and banlot draws (included in the variegated items), which amounted to 340,000 taels and 70,000 taels respectively, which together accounted for only about 1.11% of the total income of the whole country, or about 1/90 of the empire's income from land.

From the above figures, it can be seen that in the last years of the Ming Dynasty, under the cover of the court officials and the gentry class, the state was simply unable to obtain more economic benefits from the development of the merchant group, so the "determination" and "will" to come forward to support foreign expansion and trade plunder were obviously insufficient.

The attitudes of the emperors of the late Ming dynasty towards maritime trade and expansion are most illustrative. Although the rulers of the Jiajing period lifted the maritime ban and legalized private maritime trade, the Ming court not only did not form any attempt or desire to expand abroad in the name of the state, but also did not give any support to China's overseas trade forces.

To put it simply, the Ming government did not benefit enough from this overseas trade, so it was regarded as a nuisance and a burden to these merchants who engaged in overseas trade; Although the Spaniards slaughtered 25,000 Chinese, after all, these Chinese were not in the Ming Dynasty.

And the consequences of the war with the Spaniards, the Wanli Emperor and officials of the Ming Dynasty saw it very clearly - the governor of the Ming Dynasty, Nan Juyi, believed: "The Yizhou is strong, and my boat deserves to be broken." That is, there are 100,000 water rhinos, and there is nothing to do. ”

Zhu Wenda, a general of the Ming Army, believed: "Hongyi is brave and superb, and the weapons are exquisite, and the Fujian Boat Division is not enough to pick up its edge." ”

In other words, the Ming Dynasty did not see the need to cause border unrest for the sake of these overseas Chinese, because there was no practical benefit in standing up for these Haihua Chinese, but could lead to war with the Spaniards.

However, although the strength is not enough, the Ming Dynasty also said within the scope of its ability, although it is not perfect, but at least it is responsible and responsible. In 1639, the second massacre of Chinese by the Filipino Spaniards was only five years after the martyrdom of Emperor Chongzhen, and the Ming Dynasty government was already worried about internal and external troubles and was unable to denounce it. It can be seen that China's strength and weakness are also closely related to overseas Chinese.