The difference is huge. Wu Nanhai explained that there are actually many kinds of landlords, and most of the landlords we are familiar with are landlords who exploit themselves in the form of tenants -- this part of the landlords directly divides the land into small pieces for tenants. According to the traditional landlord-tenant relationship in China, once the land is sold to the tenants, what to plant and how to plant it is the tenant's business, and as long as the tenants can pay rent, the landlords have no right to interfere in the production activities of the tenant farmers. Sometimes even the right to change tenants is lost. Therefore, they did not care about improving agriculture, and focused mainly on how to deal with the tenants and ask them to pay the rent on time and in full.

"In contrast, running a landlord has a bit of a modern agricultural capitalist. They are paid long and short hours for their work. Some of them were even tenants themselves, so they had a strong demand for high profits from the land -- because they could not simply raise rents to obtain profits, they had to ask for more from the land -- and they had a stronger demand for agriculture. ”

"Tenants? Since it is a tenant, how can it still be a landlord. ”

"Hehe, don't you know that there was a word for tenant rich peasants during the land reform. In fact, it is inappropriate for this kind of person to call him a landlord. They are professional land operators, usually with a large amount of capital or specialized jishu, who directly lease large areas of land to the landlords, and make a profit by planting high value-added cash crops. ”

"That's right." Wan Lihui nodded, a little ashamed, "I'm still a farmer—"

"Hehe, the rural society you came from is not such a society for a long time." Wu Nanhai said, "Guangdong, Fujian, Jiangsu, and Zhejiang regions in this time and space are the era of the rise of business-type landlords, but they mainly plant cash crops, and it is rare for business-type landlords to simply grow grain. They are the ones we want to support. ”

"The operating landlords are very capitalist," Ye Yuming said, "and they are the representatives of the advanced productive forces of this time and space." ”

"Therefore, our agricultural policy is to support the landlords, protect the yeoman farmers, crowd out the tenant landlords, and gradually make them disappear or be transformed into landlords."

"What about tenants? If the tenant landlords are eliminated, the tenants will lose their living space, and the executive committee does not plan to carry out land reform. Under the tenant system, they at least have a way to live, and if the tenant landlords are gone, won't they even be able to eat bitter food? ”

"There is a lot of wasteland in Lingao, send seeds, plough cattle, help them open up wasteland, and organize them to build water conservancy ......"

Wu De directly objected: "This has only created a new group of small yeoman farmers in Lingao, and we don't need to expand the grassroots of yeoman farmers here - it is useless for us." ”

"That's good, small yeoman farmers will be very desperate to defend their land and their homes."

"The working class will also be very desperate, and the working class will not have nothing, and will not think of going back to sowing in the spring and reaping in the fall." Wu De jokingly said, "Well, in fact, in order to defend the homeland, it is not necessary for the common people to have 50 acres of land to plant—as long as the society is rich, stable and happy for you." ”

"As for the digestion of surplus labor, there are many solutions, and the simplest is to solve it by industry." "Then there's agriculture itself, we don't need farmers, we need agricultural workers. With the exception of a few crops, all other crops are intensively cultivated over large areas of land. ”

Wen Desi coughed and was about to speak, when he saw Li Quan from the farm holding a plate and coming in cautiously. This little girl, who was taken in from Gou Jiazhuang by Zhang Xingjiao with her mother, has become a very cute Lori after being raised on the farm for more than half a year, combing two black whips, wearing a clean thin silk shirt, and her big eyes are flickering.

"Chief Wen, please drink tea," Li Quan said with a sweet smile. She's young, but they're all familiar to the main characters in the Crossing Group - they're the "big guys" who often appear on the farm. ”

"Okay, Xiexie." Wen Desi picked up the porcelain teacup. The little girl smiled, and sent the tea cup to everyone one by one, it is rare to see such a cute little girl in normal times, and the greedy eyes of all the people fell on her, and the little girl was blushing when she saw it. Quickly retreated.

Wen Desi snorted coldly.

"Li Quan, this child is now studying in the national school, and he is very smart, Xiao Zishan wrote her a letter of recommendation, preparing to let her go to the military and political school......" Wu Nanhai looked around and mustered up the courage to whisper.

"Going to military and political school? It's too small! Wen Desi was puzzled, and didn't understand what Wu Nanhai meant by saying this for a while.

"It's not going to be small in a few years." Wu Nanhai's face was a little red, and he didn't seem to want to say this, at this time Ye Yuming began to speak again, he had to interrupt the conversation, Ye Yuming is now introducing measures for small farmers and small landlords.

For this group, Tiandihui mainly promotes livestock planting jishu and engages in contract farming, and the Committee of Agriculture underwrites all of them.

This kind of business is not simply a direct distribution of chickens and ducks to farmers, but a business that uses small loans.

"I suggest that this matter be left to Delong Grain Bank," Ye Yuming said, "If Delong thinks that the business is too amateurish, he can delegate it to the Committee ......of Agriculture to do it himself."

"It's okay, Delong itself is a financial institution, and it is also its duty to engage in small loans." Yan Ming said, "This is better and easier to calculate." ”

He proposed that in the process of issuance, grain circulation coupons would be issued directly, and the lender would go to Tiandihui to buy a number of poultry to raise them with the grain circulation coupons. The amount of this loan is very small, and the value is a small loan in the amount of five to ten chickens.

The farmer buys the chicks from the Tiandihui, raises them, and submits 20 eggs to the Tiandihui as the principal and interest of the chicks. Then Heaven and Earth will purchase the eggs at the price of a number of circulation coupons per egg. When the laying hens are old, they can be sold to the food factory ** meat products.

"We can set up small food processing factories in joint ventures with local landlords, and we provide jishu and they will manage them. The downstream raw materials are controlled by the Heaven and Earth Society, and the upstream sales are controlled by the Ministry of Commerce. ”

Ye Yuming finished his plan in one breath.

"There's a process issue here." Wu Nanhai said, "The loan they received was a negotiable voucher, and the eggs were returned to the farm. But the farm can't use eggs to repay the grain bank loan. ”

"I'll just forget it." "Let's not talk about the question of how to compare physical loans and monetary loans here. Have you ever seen poverty alleviation in poverty-stricken areas? First, the poverty alleviation funds were directly distributed, and the peasants directly spent all the money when they received it. Later, it was changed to chickens, pigs, sheep or something, and they were slaughtered and eaten in a few days. When the time comes, he will say that he is sick and died, what do you say, do you want to pursue it? "No one can guarantee that the peasants of this plane will be more honest and trustworthy than the peasants of the other plane.

"Therefore, instead of making it in the form of loans, it is better to make it in the form of futures, first provide excellent varieties for free, and then sign a contract with farmers to purchase them at a negotiated price, and pay a certain deposit in advance. At least the poultry won't be eaten directly. In addition, there is a certain risk in poultry farming, and once the poultry becomes ill, it will die in batches. It is easy to cause the peasants to go bankrupt and cause resentment because they cannot afford to pay it back. When the time comes, it will affect the reputation of the people and the stability of the local society, so the breeding of livestock and poultry should be put behind, and the excellent crops should be popularized first. ”

"This can be said to be a micro-loan, I think less than 10 chicks, will not bankrupt people, right? If you can't afford to pay it back when you die, you will be sent to a labor camp to work for a month to pay off your debts. Ye Yuming said, "If you are still afraid that it will be inappropriate, let the families of the employees breed first." Besides, if you give it for free, you will be eaten and then said to be sick and die,"

"If the farmer thinks that the benefit of completing the contract can be greater than simply eating the chicken and drinking the deposit, he will be good to do it." Wen Deji shrugged, "Of course, some people in long-term poor areas don't think so. If the people of Lingao are still relatively enterprising working people, order agriculture should be able to be carried out -- I am opposed to small loans mainly because of two worries: First, the local people may not have this concept to borrow money to operate; The second is that loans are always easy to combine with usury, which has negative effects. It's hard to promote. ”

"In terms of the concept of borrowing, Mr. Wen has been thinking a lot, and there are not only rural loans in Lingao, but also in quite various forms." Yan Ming has done a survey and found that small-scale borrowing is quite common in local rural areas. Farmers often buy fertilizer and farming tools in this way, and also use it to survive the famine when the crops are scarce. The lenders were mainly local landlords and wealthy households, and they mainly borrowed in kind. Interest rates varied, ranging from mutual aid loans by the local gentry clans with an annual interest rate of less than one and a half cents, to usury with a monthly interest rate.

"Generally speaking, farmers still have a certain sense of borrowing. If the interest rate of our loan is low, the farmer will be happy to borrow. If you want to further avoid risks, you can formulate a standard to evaluate customers and engage in risk control. Yan Ming is very interested in making small agricultural loans - after all, this will be the first loan business he has handled, and although the business is small, it has a beginning.

"If we do that, we won't be able to increase the income of the local farmers and win the hearts and minds of the people. The poor people get nothing ......"

"It has to be taken into account," said Wen Desi after some careful consideration, "and the poor peasants who are so poor that they are surrounded by walls will not be distributed." Loans are made to small homesteaders. The standard should be lowered, the popularization should be larger, and the public should be benefited as much as possible. ”

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