The topic of the two old men shifted from the national political system to the official system, and then led themselves to the supervision system of the past dynasties, so that Zhao Hao couldn't help but talk along their topic, and it changed from a song to a dialogue between monarchs and ministers. But the bad premonition at the beginning came back to the surface, but for a while I couldn't figure out what the two of them wanted to express, so I could only continue to talk about the topic.

"After entering the Han Dynasty, the history of the prison was replaced, and nine items such as lawsuits, thieves, counterfeit money, unstraight prisons, unfair endowments, incorruptible officials, harsh officials, extravagant, and crossbow power of more than 10 stones, were generally returned to prison in March, and rotated for two years, which was introduced as a system!" Liu Di continued.

"Not bad, but it didn't work as well as it should, right?" Zhao Yu took a sip of tea and chuckled. He knew the history of the superintendent sent by the central government in the early Han Dynasty, but the scope was only in the three prefectures of Gyeonggi, that is, the three counties of Fengyi, Fufeng, and Hongnong, and it was also very set up, and after two years, he replaced others, and the object of his supervision was the officials of the county, not the replacement of the county administration.

In the design of the system, the imperial history of the county is to regularly go to the designated place to investigate, and then return to the imperial court to report on the work, the imperial history is not fixed in one place for a long time, and it will be replaced in two years, so as to avoid the imperial history in the local long-term office and the local county guard to establish a common interest relationship. The conceivable and practical effects are often two different things, and even if there are preventive measures, there can still be collusion between the superintendent and the county guard to shield local corrupt officials.

"Your Majesty is deeply stunned by the success or failure, it seems that the outside world rumors that Your Majesty does not read the history of the Bible are untrue and misunderstand Your Majesty!" Liu Huang stroked his beard when he heard this, and smiled with a very relieved look.

"Governor Liu praised it, or the work of several gentlemen's careful teaching!" Zhao Yu was already vigilant in his heart, so he naturally would not be 'blinded', so he handed over the credit to Ying Jieyan.

"The minister doesn't dare to take credit, or Your Majesty is diligent, and he has been able to study for many years!" Ying Jie Yan did not accept the invitation, but pointed to a few large bookshelves standing in the study.

"Well, Your Majesty has read thousands of books and traveled thousands of miles, so he naturally has a unique insight into what his predecessors did!" Liu Di nodded with a smile, and then continued the topic, "It is precisely because he saw the drawbacks that Emperor Wen of the Han Dynasty did not follow the law in the imperial history and neglected his duties, but made the prime minister out of the assassination place, and supervised the imperial history, in order to solve the greed for ink in the rule of officials!" ”

"In fact, the prime minister's dispatch to divide the prefecture and county is only for a short time, but it makes the local houses on the erection of houses, the overlapping institutions, and the superposition of responsibilities, which not only cannot fundamentally solve the problem, but also leaves hidden dangers for future generations!" Zhao Yu poured tea for the two old men with his own hands.

In the Han Dynasty, the Prime Minister's Office sent the Prime Minister Shi to the local government to supervise local administration, including the Imperial History sent by the Imperial Historical Observatory, which also became the object of supervision. In his opinion, this is not a good idea, compared with the secret police of the Ming Dynasty in later generations, first set up Jinyiwei to carry out spy activities, but the emperor felt that they were too full and felt uneasy, so the eunuchs around him set up the East Factory to supervise the Jinyi Guard, and later felt that the East Factory was also uncontrollable, so he chose a group of cronies and eunuchs to establish the West Factory to supervise the East Factory, and finally led to the power of the eunuchs bursting, and even the emperor couldn't control it!

"Why does Your Majesty feel this way?" Ying Jieyan said.

"Nature is a lesson in history!" Zhao Yu poured himself tea again, put down the teapot and said, "When Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty was in power, he thought that 'most of the county guards in the world were traitors', and in order to strengthen supervision, there were thirteen assassin histories set up in the fifth year of Yuan Feng. The so-called thirteen histories of assassination, that is, in addition to the counties of Gyeonggi, the country is divided into thirteen prefectures, each state is a supervision area, and a prefecture is responsible for the prefecture and county where the assassination history is located. In this regard, a relatively stable supervisory body at the local level, which is not completely consistent with the division of counties and counties, should be set up to supervise the localities. The name of the assassin history is from the prime minister's office when Emperor Wen sent the prime minister to assassinate the counties and counties, and supervised the imperial history. ”

"Well, what Your Majesty said is right, and it is from this that the name of the assassin comes from." Liu Huang nodded. In my heart, I feel that the hat of the little emperor who does not read can be taken off, and this only one sentence can show that His Majesty still reads with his heart, otherwise how can he come without thinking about the allusions in history and open his mouth.

And these thirteen states as he said, the Han Dynasty to Emperor Wu but Hu, Yue, open the land to reject, the south of Jiaolu, the north of Shuo Fang's state, and Xu, Liang, You, and, Xia, Zhou's system, change Yong said Liang, change Liang said Yi, it is the thirteen departments, the division is similar to the division of ancient Chinese Kyushu, so that the thirteen states of the history of the state to supervise the country's one hundred and three counties.

"There are six questions about the history of assassination, and they don't ask anything." Zhao Hao continued, "One, the strong Zonghao Youtian Mansion is systematic, with the strong and the weak, and the crowd tyrannical. Two, 2,000 stone does not follow the edict and obeys the canonical system, doubles the public to the private, guards the profit, invades the fishermen, and gathers for traitors. Three articles, 2,000 stones are not sympathetic to the prison, the wind kills people, anger is punished, joy is lewd reward, annoyance and cruelty, stripping Li Yuan, the people are sick, the landslide and the stone is cracked, and the auspicious is false. Four, 2,000 stone election is uneven, Gou Ah loves, and the virtuous are spoiled. Five, 2,000 stone disciples are arrogant, please entrust the prison. Six, 2,000 stone violates the public and is stronger, and the passage of goods is bribed, and the government decree is also cut. ”

"Your Majesty, do you know the meaning of these six articles?" Ying Jieyan was also very satisfied with the little emperor's answer, but the teacher's mistake was made again, so he took a sip of tea and asked.

"The center of the Assassin's rule is the magistrate, not the people. But from the perspective of these six articles, it was expanded at the time of Emperor Wen, and it was precisely because of his wanton increase in the power of the assassin that the assassin began to participate in the administration in the later period, laying hidden dangers for the turmoil in the late Han Dynasty! Zhao Yu said.

As he 'increased' in age and his experience in power, Zhao Yu realized that the experience and knowledge of his previous life were no longer enough, and he had to dive into studying the scriptures and histories that he hated the most. In the past two years, his bedside travelogues and gazetteers have been replaced with historical books to learn from them, and he has the foundation of so many years of teaching by famous teachers, coupled with his comprehension ability beyond ordinary people, he still has something to gain from diving into his heart.

Of these six articles, except for the first one, which is aimed at the local tyrants and the restriction of the polarization between the rich and the poor, the remaining five articles are all aimed at the county guarding 2,000 stones, and it is not allowed to have policies and countermeasures, and local officials are not allowed to betray public and private interests in the administrative process, and it is not allowed to abuse criminal punishments against the people, create unjust cases, and it is not allowed to buy and sell official positions, and it is not allowed to take bribes. Compared to the time of Emperor Wen, his power has expanded.

"Your Majesty seems to have other thoughts about the post of supervising local officials in the Han Dynasty, and thinks that it is not conducive to the governance of the country." Ying Jieyan's words seemed plain, but everyone could hear it, and he raised a new question.

"Not bad!" Zhao Hao replied very simply, and did not deny his opinion, "Emperor Wen and Emperor Wu set up the post of assassin to supervise the local area was originally a temporary policy, at that time, the internal society of the country was turbulent, the local tyrant oppressed the people, the county guards were tyrannical, and the magnates were even more lawless; Outside the Xiongnu press, coupled with the frequent occurrence of natural disasters, the social group incidents are continuous, in the face of such a situation, it is necessary to send the assassin to patrol the subordinate counties. ”

"At the beginning, the assassin did not have a fixed place of governance, nor did he have his own subordinate officials. However, with the development, the assassin not only had a fixed place of governance, but also had his own subordinate officials, and also interfered in the administrative affairs of the county guard. In the imperial history of Emperor Cheng, Cheng Xue Xuan talked about the reasons for the social instability at that time in his recital: The officials were harsh on the government, the politics and religion were annoying, and the blame was recklessly in the history of the department, or they did not follow the rules and duties, and made mistakes according to their intentions, and they mostly had to do things with the county and county. The counties and counties are urging each other, and they are also engraved with each other, and they flow to the people. You can see the harm. ”

"And if the Assassin directly intervenes in the affairs of the county guard, and directly interferes in the administrative affairs of the counties to which it belongs, then its way of acting is far beyond the scope of the Inspector, and it naturally becomes a first-level administrative body above the county level. Once the situation is formed, the function of the assassin as a supervisory body has gradually disappeared, and it has become an administrative agency above the county level, and the area controlled by the state and the county guard has become a community of interests, and the area controlled by the state and the county is much larger than that of the county. Therefore, I thought that this was the way to destroy the country! ”

"Your Majesty is exactly what you said. In the late Eastern Han Dynasty, Emperor Zhongping of the Han Dynasty changed the history of assassination to the state pastor, Liu Yan and others served as the state pastor with important ministers of the imperial court, Liu Yan was too Changqing at that time, and led the Yizhou pastor to the envoy of the supervising army, and the servant Huang Wan was the Yuzhou pastor, and Zongzheng Liu Yu was the Youzhou pastor. After Dong Zhuo's rebellion, the imperial court was divided, and the state pastors in various places became the princes and kings in various places, and the official positions of the state pastors could also be hereditary from father to son. As Liu Zhao said in the "Book of the Later Han Dynasty": Yan Mu benefits the soil, and the emperor is subordinated to Min and E; Yuan Shao took Ji and made books in Yan and Shuo; Liu Biaojingnan, the suburbs of heaven and earth; Wei Zu was based on Yan and then built the imperial industry. The destruction of the Han Dynasty is the source of the disaster. Liu Huang nodded yes, quoting the scriptures.

"Well, at that time, the territory of the county was small, and there was a certain amount of restraint between the counties, so it was more difficult to dominate one side, and the territory of the state was larger, the status of the state pastor was higher, and when the state pastor was in the hands of the local military power, political power, financial power, and civil jurisdiction, the decrees of the imperial court were naturally put aside. The problem left behind is that the heroes are divided, chasing the deer in the Central Plains, and seeing who will kill the deer! Zhao Yu said, but thoughtfully.

He suddenly thought that at the end of the Han Dynasty, due to the increase in the power of the state pastor, the tail could not be lost and eventually caused the situation of local separation, and later the evolution of the functions and status of the governors and governors of the Ming and Qing dynasties, in fact, was also the gradual evolution of the supervision system into a new administrative system, and finally the tail was not lost, once the wind blows, the relationship between the central and local governments will change, the Boxer Rebellion, the Gengzi Incident in the southeast mutual protection, Cixi can only admit a fait accompli, it prepared the conditions for the independence of various places after the Wuchang Uprising of the Xinhai Revolution.

After the Xinhai Revolution, the idea of autonomy of the provinces was raised, and in the end, it was only by civil war that the situation of warlords in various regions could be ended, and the reunification of the country could be realized, so as to return to the situation of unity and stability. As a result, history repeats itself once again, once again shrinking the local administrative apparatus and rebuilding the central government's supervision system over the local government, thereby strengthening the centralized political model, which is almost a circle that is difficult to break out of in China's 2,000-year history.

"Taking history as a mirror can tell the rise and fall." Ying Jieyan spoke again at this time, "The emperors of all dynasties are well versed in this way, the officials are big, the power is heavy, the court often can't command, it is self-contained, and it can cover the sky with one hand, how can it be controlled?" Taizu established the country, divided the world into roads, prefectures, prefectures, and counties, and the roads were divided into commanders, supervisors, and warehouses, and the roads and governments were all appointed by the imperial court to supervise and balance each other, so as to avoid the disaster of Han and Tang separation. Your Majesty should also take this as a warning, and you must not fail to check it! ”

"Hmm." Zhao Yu looked at Ying Jieyan, the old man's beard is now white, and it is difficult to find a black one, his eyes are as bright and deep as when he first saw them, full of wisdom to see everything, but today there is melancholy and worry in it. At this point, he no longer understood the meaning of the two of them, that is, they were pretending to be stupid, and they were borrowing the matter of repaying him to come to advise him.

"Your Majesty, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty originally set up the Thirteen Thorn History, and his professional grade is not high, but he can balance the county guard of 2,000 stones, although there are drawbacks, but the process of his inspection all the way has some deterrent and restraining effect on the administration of local officials, so that local officials have some restraint. Among them, there are also people who are not afraid of the powerful, and after being the assassin for two terms, they were soon promoted to the county guards with a rank of 2,000 stones, so they worked very hard when they were in charge of the county, such as Zhu Bo and Zhai Fangjin, who were all promoted in this way, but they were among the cool officials. Your Majesty can learn something from this! Ying Jieyan also looked at the little emperor's face, and when he saw his face change, he realized that he should understand the meaning of his words.

"I understand!" Ying Jiejie said strictly, but Zhao Yu was stunned for a moment before answering. He heard the old man's words at first as a reminder and exhortation, but now there was a warning.

Zhao Yu has been an emperor for so many years, and knows that being a king alone cannot deal with so many powerful people in power, so he supports the little people to rebel and let the little people be a crowbar to watch the movements of the big people: if the big people are reined in and obedient, it will end here; If you are not obedient, then let the little people do the obstruction and suppress the prestige of the big people, while the little people have the support of the king, and they also have no fear, they can understand the king's intentions and do their best, and the king can use this relationship to seek a balance in the power structure.

If something goes wrong with the little people, or when the authorities are faced with a situation that is difficult to manage, the little people can be discarded or used as scapegoats, and that will not affect the overall situation. The reason why the monarch uses the little people is also out of helplessness, just because the big people do not listen to orders and commands, while the little people would rather be grateful, and willingly use the monarch, which also provides the possibility of using the small to control the big......