Ernst smiled, with a hint of admiration on his face, and it was clear that he had been impressed by such a genius to this day.

"A few questions like the questions asked by Lord Jifu were also questioned at the time, after all, no matter who it is, one hundred and fifty guilders is a lifetime savings, which is definitely not a small number!"

"In order to solve these problems, the Dutch came up with a solution at that time, which was to establish the world's first stock exchange, the Amsterdam Stock Exchange, which stipulated that the shares of the joint company could be bought and sold in it, which means that you can buy other people's shares with your own money, or you can sell your own shares and exchange them for money!"

"Essentially, the shares of the joint company represent the confidence that people are doing their business – if the company is doing well, a lot of people will buy their shares, causing the price of the shares to go up and vice versa. And the price that people trade on the exchange is also fluctuating, showing a trend change. ”

Ernst smiled, "This solves two problems, first of all, people don't need to wait that long for ten years, as long as they sell their shares at a high price, they can directly get future profits; If the joint company loses money, the corresponding stock price will also fall, and the person who holds the stock should also bear the same proportion of loss. ”

Shoufu Ning Zhongjing heard this, but sighed, "The wisdom of these Dutchmen is really extraordinary, so there are such speculative cancellations, it is really possible to buy low and sell high to arbitrage more benefits." ”

"That's right, in addition, in the process of stock trading, the government can also collect a part of the tax, as well as related handling fees, and the Dutch government at that time expanded the scope of trading to the whole of Europe, so that the Netherlands made a lot of profits, such as British government bonds, the Netherlands can get more than 20 million guilders a year, that is, more than 5 million taels of silver."

"Five million taels of silver ?!!"

Everyone present exclaimed, this is simply terrifyingly high, because the overall military expenditure of the Fu Han Army this year is only 13 million taels, and these 5 million taels are more than one-third!

On the contrary, Ning Yu, who came from the next generation, felt no pain for this number, he didn't know how much money five million taels was, but it was really because it was just a drop in the bucket of the power of capital.

Cui Wancai said again at this time: "What Scholar Ernst said surprised me inexplicably, this way can indeed collect funds, but the old man doesn't understand, what does this have to do with the bank?" ”

Ernst patiently explained: "Master Jifu, this way of financing the whole society itself has great risks, just like what I just said is self-financing, which will make many people choose to wait and see or give up this kind of stock investment - so it is difficult to absorb too much idle funds, and the efficiency of absorbing funds will gradually decrease." ”

Ning Yu sighed softly, "So at this point, we need a special bank to revitalize the idle funds of the people, and then make full use of them." ”

"Banks?"

None of the people here are stupid, when Ning Yu said this, they quickly understood that the funds of the imperial court are not enough, but the bank has money!

"This is an equally great initiative, and the Dutch soon set up an Amsterdam bank to open standardized currency accounts for merchants, so that they could attract idle funds to the bank at interest, and then lend to merchants to earn the interest rate difference." ”

"In order to ensure that the loan can be paid normally, they have created a 'credit' concept, that is, they use a complex judgment system to give loans to companies and individuals."

Speaking of which, everyone understands the idea of how this system works, and cannot help but applaud the wisdom of the Dutch, and this set of methods of doing things runs through almost the entire system of society.

Ning Yu nodded lightly and said: "Today's Ning Chu, if you want to concentrate resources to do things, you need to be proficient in this set of rules, of course, you can't copy it directly, you have to make appropriate changes according to our national conditions....... In this matter, our banks have to play a leading role. ”

Everyone present quickly understood that this was the imperial court's encouragement to everyone to establish a bank....... It's just that everyone hasn't fully understood the routines inside, so although they are greedy for the profits, they don't dare to implement it rashly.

"The imperial court will soon promulgate the banking law to open up the banking system to the people, and you can all participate in it, but you need to comply with the relevant regulations of the China Banking Regulatory Commission.

In order to ensure the safety of funds, all banks involved in the deposit and loan business in Dachu need to deposit and pay a liquidation deposit of 1 million silver dollars in advance with the central bank, and make up for a quarter of the savings they absorbed in the previous year at the beginning of next year as a liquidation margin to prevent the occurrence of capital security problems."

A hundred silver dollars? Isn't that a million taels of silver!

Speaking of all the people here, they all represent the family behind them, although one million taels of silver is a lot, but it is not completely impossible to take out, but after this is taken out, it will be difficult to go back in the future, so I can't help but look embarrassed.

Seeing that everyone was silent, Ning Zhongxin, chairman of the China Banking Regulatory Commission, said softly: "Theoretically, the money was handed over to the central bank, but the money is still yours, just as a deposit, if you don't plan to open a bank, you can withdraw the money through liquidation." In addition, if banks are experiencing liquidity difficulties, the central bank will also provide a portion of the loan. ”

Deng Boran, the governor of the central bank, has fully understood that the existence of the central bank is strictly focused on the issuance of money and the regulation and control of finance, and it can be regarded as a bank of banks.

According to the plans of Ning Yu, Ernst and others, it is natural to first support a number of state-owned banks and private banks, mainly for the private deposit and loan business, and then let the central bank choose to gradually withdraw from the private deposit and loan business to complete this transformation.

As a representative of the royal consortium, Cui Yu naturally did not continue to be silent at this time, and said softly: "The original Ning's money bank will be spun off and will be reorganized into Industrial Bank, and its main business is to absorb savings from the public and issue loans to qualified enterprises. ”

Ning Zhongjing, as the first assistant, also said softly at this time: "Three state-owned banks will also be established under the State-owned Assets Management Department to jointly collect savings, but the loan business needs to be further discussed." ”

After all, it is a state-owned bank, and it is bound to be much stricter in issuing loans, otherwise once there is collusion between inside and outside, it will be a big deal, so it is not surprising.

In the case of the royal family and the cabinet, the remaining representatives of the major clans and the representatives of the provincial chambers of commerce also showed their sincerity, which was nothing more than supporting the plan of the imperial court, but they did not each open a bank by themselves, but several partners together to carry out banking business together.

After everyone expressed their attitudes, Ning Yu smiled at Deng Boran, the governor of the central bank, with deep meaning, "Lord Deng has gained a lot today, according to the current situation, a total of eight banks will be established, and eight million taels of silver is not a small amount of money........

Deng Boran, the governor of the Central Bank, hurriedly said softly: "Your Majesty said that you are joking, one million taels of this is from the royal family, three million taels from the Ministry of Finance, and four million taels from the big businessmen........ The central bank is only a temporary custodian. ”

"Hahahaha....... You're interesting. ”

Ning Yu shook his head, glanced around at everyone, and then slowly spoke: "Everyone, you still have two months, and after two months, I have a big business to hand over to you, which can be regarded as a little support for you......

"Big business?"

These words made everyone a little confused, especially for those representatives of all ethnic groups and chambers of commerce, the three million taels they gave out today were still a little painful, so they were particularly concerned about Ning Yu's words.

Ning Zhongxin, chairman of the China Banking Regulatory Commission, smiled and nodded at everyone with his hand: "You must know that today's eight banks will get the first batch of banking licenses from the China Banking Regulatory Commission, which in itself is a gratifying thing." ”

In fact, Ning Zhongxin's statement is not false at all, now because of the first batch, so there is no limit requirement for bank licenses, so theoretically speaking, everyone can open one today, but in the future, especially after Ning Chu's financial order is stable, it is impossible to issue bank licenses casually, and the status of these eight banks is naturally different.

Of course, the most prominent of these are naturally the four banks of the royal family and the cabinet, which can eat most of the meat, while the other four banks can only eat the remaining small pieces of meat, and those who want to join in the future can only drink soup.......

Ning Yu nodded, and then said softly: "The big business I want to hand over to you is the first batch of treasury bonds that I Ning Chu is about to issue, totaling 10 million taels, with an annual interest rate of 6 percent for five years and 8 percent for ten years. These bonds will be broken down into banks, and each of the major banks will claim their shares and sell them. ”

When I heard that the interest rate was 6 percent and 8 percent, it made everyone's eyes a little surprised, not because it was too high, but because it was just within a range that was acceptable to the market.

In fact, in this era, there were only usury in the market, so if everyone had surplus money in their hands, they really had to take it out and lend interest, which was usually 30 percent per annum, or even higher.

But the problem is that the market can easily not recover the cost of natural lending, and the possibility of bad debts is very high, so there is a bad debt rate. The national debt is different, as long as Ning Chu is still there in five years, this money is real money, and there is no need to worry about defaulting on the debt, so this interest is worth seeing, at least suitable for the investment of large sums of money.

Of course, the royal family and state-owned banks naturally don't think they are short of money, but they are also afraid that the treasury bonds will not be sold, so this interest rate is also a figure that Ning Yu and Ernst studied for a long time before formulating a number.

And the other people also looked at each other, with a hint of embarrassment in their eyes, if it was said to be six to eight percent by another person, I am afraid that everyone would not want to look at it, but the national bonds underwritten by Ning Chu are different, safe and stable, at least they will not lose ...... Moreover, 10 million taels of silver, the interest for ten years is 800,000 taels per year, and ten years is 8 million taels.......

A number that makes your heart beat.......