In the eighth year of Wanli, Gao pragmatic entered the Hanlin Academy as the champion of the new department, and under the name of a group of bigwigs, he actually presided over the compilation and revision of the "Daming Huidian", which mentioned the grace and shade system in the canon, and according to the votes of the cabinet of the Jiajing and Longqing dynasties and the emperor's Zhu approval (check the archives), the problem of "Wenchen Yinwu" that had not been clear in the past made a prescriptive explanation:

"Where the grace is hereditary, the ministers of culture and military affairs and the general army participate in the tour of the following generals to suppress thieves, if they encounter a great enemy, they can plan an ambush, charge into battle, and establish miraculous achievements.

For the first time, this article clarifies the principle of military merit for the military service of Wenchen Enyin and sets out the review procedures for reporting. This decree is not found in the Zhengde edition of the "Daming Huidian", which is a precedent that gradually became after the Jiajing Dynasty, and was determined in the Wanli Dynasty (this is a historical fact).

With that said, we have come to the two most critical questions:

Why can't the momentum of Wenchen Yinwu stop?

Why didn't the emperor suspect the civil servants of the Yin Guanwu Rank?

The simple answer to the first question is that the problem lies in the difficulty of rewarding and not enough to reward merit.

In the Ming Dynasty, there were only three titles of military merit with different surnames, such as duke, marquis, and uncle, which was absent compared with the traditional Chinese "fifth-class lord". Since the beginning of the Ming Dynasty, the vast majority of lords have been knighted by military generals, and only a handful of civil servants have been knighted.

After Jiajing, although there were many side affairs, and the Wenchen Governor and Fuduo experienced the frontier in person, the canonization of the lord tended to stagnate.

In fact, it is good for the imperial court to regard knighthood as an important ceremony, but excessive stinginess of knighthood will make the minister lose his enterprising spirit of loyalty to the country.

In this regard, many people have also put forward opinions and suggestions, such as Chen Zilong, who proposed to restore the "fifth-class knight" to boost the morale of the army:

"Today, if you work hard to die, seek fame, and do evil for the Son of Heaven, you will be knighted...... Today's troubles, people are light on the upper position and have no intention of seeking progress. The holy king set up his heart to tie his heart, and his name was important because of his differences. Husband, the power is also, and the abuse is important, in order to show respect; If it is open, it will be light, in order to show that it can be perfected...... Today, Mo Ruofu and Jue are fifth-class, and Yu Xi is not in doubt, and he is in danger and redundant. ”

However, in the Ming Dynasty, most of the major national policies were built by Zhu Yuanzhang in the name of "ancestral system", which was rigid and inflexible. In this case, the institutionalized military position of Wenchen Yinzi, due to the nature of military merit promotion and hereditary descendants, in a certain sense, replaced the political efficacy and political significance of Wenchen's title, and became an important form of rewarding meritorious civil servants by the imperial court.

Although the relevance of this system is not listed in the canonical system, it is the tacit consensus of the time.

As mentioned above, the Hongzhi Dynasty had Yu Qian's son Yu Mian asking Yu Qian's descendants to serve in the martial arts, in fact, he cited the previous dynasty's military department Shangshu Wang Ji Fengbo and the military department Shangshu Ma Ang, Bai Gui, Cheng Xin, Yu Zijun and other Yin Zi Jinyi as a reason for begging.

A similar view of attaching the rank of Yinzi to a "secondary" title, or a "quasi-knighthood", was widely popular in the mid-to-late Ming Dynasty, for example, when Shen Defu compiled the Wanli Ye Chronicle, he included the "Shiguan" and "Buyin" articles on the martial arts of Wenchen Yinzi into the "Xunqi" volume.

In the Ming Dynasty's public and private copywriting classics, Wenchen Yinzi's military position was called "the reward of Yonsei" and "Yonsei Jinwu", which was also derived from the title of "Shijue" attached to the Duke and Marquis.

For example, in the early years of Jiajing, when the court discussed the matter of Wang Shouren's knighthood, the ministers once played the cloud:

"The canon of the husband and the knight, there are six merits: the founding of the country, the difficulty of Jing, the royal hu, the peace, the barbarian, and the rebellion; And the guards are dead, the soldiers are Xuanyou, and the governor's government is suppressed, and the salt is not reconciled. Those who make six contributions, the importance of Guan Sheji, is the safety of the Quartet, and it is not the seal of the soil, and it is not enough to repay it. As for the death of Sui, Xuanyou, and Kou, they are all temporary things, and the shade of the tin and brocade clothes can be, and if you want to dissect the symbol, you can't. ”

What does this passage say? To put it simply, it is the knighthood of those with great military merit, and the shadow of the small military merit, which can be said to point out the institutional relevance and complementarity between "yin wu" and "knighthood".

In the early years of Jiajing, Xia Yan and others, who were in charge of the military department at that time, were ordered to investigate the situation of the former dynasty's military positions and then report on the situation of Hongwu's "founding of the country" and Yongle's "Jingnan" dukes, marquis, and uncles, and expressed the meaning of the "prudent name" of the former dynasty, Qi, Wen, Wu, and all kinds of ministers of the shadow of the brocade are attached to the meaning of knighthood, which shows the status of the shadow brocade in the political reward mechanism of the Ming Dynasty.

When Wang Chonggu was the first minister of the border (he was the governor of Xuanda at the time), it was natural for the family to have a few shadow officials.

Not to mention Gao Gong, because of his various merits, the number of shadow officials obtained by the Gao family has not been used up until now - there are not enough juniors.

Therefore, this trend of "civil servants and martial arts" cannot be stopped, and it is impossible to stop it - De Mao Mao Official, meritorious Mao Mao reward, the merits of those ministers are there, but his official cannot be promoted, and the knight cannot be added, how can the descendants of the officials be done?

And when it comes to the emperor not suspecting that most of these officials and ministers are stuffed into the brocade guard, there are several reasons.

First of all, the most fundamental one is that there is no precedent for the rebellion of the Wenchen of the Ming Dynasty - if you have to say Hu Weiyong, it will be boring.

On this basis, other aspects can be discussed, among which there is the question of trends.

The officialdom of the Ming Dynasty "divided itself into two ways", the selection of civil officials was based on the imperial examination, and the selection of military attachés was based on hereditary.

The military attache group is mainly composed of the descendants of military generals in the early Ming Dynasty, and it is a relatively closed hereditary community of identity, such as Qi Jiguang is also from this kind of background, and it is really rare to rely on a knife and a shot like Liu Xian.

And once the children of Wenchen are hereditary in Jinyiwei, it means that this group of descendants occupies the right column for generations. This phenomenon has broken the internal closure of the Ming military attache group to a certain extent, uh...... It can also be regarded as an improvement in the structure of Jinyi Wei military personnel.

Many of the sons and daughters of the civil servants who entered the ranks of the military profession continued to retain the style and social network of the original gentry family, and at the same time, through marriage and job relations, they gradually became the link between the two major political and social groups of the gentry and the military profession.

In fact, the social media role of Wenchen Yinwu's children was already prominent in the middle of the Ming Dynasty. For example, during the Hongzhi period, Yao Jifu, the son of Yao Kui, the secretary of the Ministry of Shangshu and a member of the Zhongshu House, once advocated that his father was on the same list of Jinshi and "those who were from the dynasty and lived in Beijing" to hold friendship activities, which attracted the children of the official eunuchs and gentry in Beijing to sing and mingle, and there was a grand occasion of "forty years of friendship between the Tongjia family and as good as yesterday".

At that time, most of the participants in the rally were civilian gentry, and Bai Guizi, the secretary of the military department, Bai Guizi, Jinyiwei, and Bai Jing, the governor of the military department, Li Bingzi, and Li Jing, who had entered the military because of his father's shadow, also gladly participated.

Another example is the old minister of the Seven Dynasties of the Ming Dynasty, Wang Zhu, the first son of Wang Aoyin, the secretary of the Ministry of Shangshu, Wang Zhu is a military post in Jinyi, Wang Zhu's eldest daughter is "suitable for Tianjin Left Guard to command Huang Pu", the second daughter is "suitable for the country student Yang Bo", and among the five granddaughters, "Chang Shima Pu, the second suitable Jinyi Qianhu Wei Gang, the second suitable Jinyi commander Zhang Yu's son, followed by the son of Zhao Hui of the Jinyi Qianhu, followed by the son of Xia Ming, etc." This is the functional manifestation of marriage.

After Wanli, the children of Wenchen who joined Jinyiwei relied on their special political and cultural background and resources across "literature" and "martial arts", and on the basis of social interactions, they also built a set of political asylum relationships to ensure the longevity of their own and their families' interests.

The main manifestation of this aspect is that Wen Yin's disciples gradually controlled the power of Jinyiwei by virtue of their own unique advantages.

In the original history, after Liu Shouyou, the current governor of Jinyiwei, his grandson Liu Chengxi and his great-grandson Liu Qiao continued to be the hereditary Jinyi guard officer for two generations, and both were promoted to the first level of governor and in charge of guards.

In addition to Liu, Wu Mengming, the grandson of Wu Dui, Guo Chenghao, the grandson of Guo Zizhang, the secretary of the Ministry of War, and Tian Ergeng, the son of Tian Le, the secretary of the Ministry of War, were all prominent governors of Jinyi during the Apocalypse and Chongzhen periods.

Based on the particularity of the judicial function of Jinyi Wei and the own advantages of Wenyin's children, some people in the Ming Dynasty even pointed out that "the law and politics of Jinyi and employing people are not similar to Sima Men's selection of officials." With his intermediary, His Majesty Lidan, and the law enforcement pen and the doctor of the pen", so the Jinyi Wei Governor "only Confucianism can be this post" theory.

In other words, since Liu Shouyou, if you are not a Wenchen, you are not suitable to be the governor of this brocade guard!

Did the emperor say anything? No, the emperor not only acquiesced, but even seemed to be quite supportive - since Wenchen was also loyal and good, why didn't I use it?

And Jinyiwei originally had such a bad reputation, but now after changing a few governors, he is actually a virtuous man for a while, why don't I do it!

As for, do you think Jinyiwei will get out of control?

Just kidding, Jinyiwei has long been under the supervision of the East Factory! The position of Admiral Qincha Dongchang, but only the eunuch can do it, there will not be any Wenchen who is so bullish and sends his children and grandchildren to be the factory governor, right?

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