From the statements of the two, Zhao Hao quickly understood the reason for their dispute - the head he had captured did not match what he saw. After the battle last night, because he was worried that the Mongolian army would go and return to take the opportunity to enter the camp, Tian Zhong did not order to go out of the camp to clean up the battlefield, of course, this cannot be said to be too cautious, but the Yuan army often uses 'counter-killing' tactics.

Historically, wars have often been linked to military merit. After all, in ancient wars, the head of the enemy killed by one's own hands was the best evidence to prove one's military merits. Therefore, when the battle is approached, the phenomenon of 'killing one enemy and fighting for thirty or fifty people' sometimes occurs, and Meng Yuan deliberately set a trap by taking advantage of the opponent's psychology of 'specializing in fighting for merit', and every time he uses several people as bait to induce the other party to go forward to fight for merit, his brigade of men and horses suddenly rushes out, and as a result, the opponent not only does not get a single head, but will suffer losses, and even break through the camp by the enemy.

Therefore, Tian Zhong ordered people to go out of the camp to clean up the battlefield and take stock of the results after dawn. As a result, only more than 30 of the first level were collected, and six of them were not recognized because of serious damage. According to his report, Ni Liang defeated the enemy's 3,000-man team in two battles and burned more than 20 wagons of baggage, but only collected more than 60 heads.

Wang Yinglin was very surprised after reading the statistical results. The reason for the discrepancy between this kind of report and the actual situation is nothing more than two situations: one is that the generals have made meritorious contributions and lied about the results of the battle; The other is that the officials responsible for checking and inspecting the results of the battle have made false statements and deliberately omitted or underreported the seizures. However, he saw with his own eyes in the anti-enemy attack last night, and there were no less than hundreds of enemy troops who died under mines and artillery, so he believed that Cao Cheng deliberately suppressed the results of the battle, so he had a fierce argument with him.

After figuring out the reason, Zhao Yu was left alone, because in ancient wars, there was always an increase in the number of heads and the number of enemies killed. Not only is there a controversy now, but even left it to future generations, he has had an argument with many people on the Internet about it, and some people think that the historical records are wrong; Some people think that historians are all disciplined people and will never hide the truth; There are also people who think that there are not only military generals who have made fake achievements from it, but also emperors who are happy and deliberately do it; It even rose to a political level and was linked to the social system of the time.

But there are arguments and arguments, and no one knows what the truth of history really looks like. Zhao Yu also remembered that there were two examples at that time where the controversy was the most intense: one was the famous Ben attack rout in the Tang Dynasty, the famous general Li Jing broke through the Yinshan battle of the Eastern Turkic Khan's court, and the "Old Tang Book: The Biography of Li Jing" recorded it: "Jing beheaded more than 10,000 ranks, and captured more than 100,000 men and women." "Everyone thought that he attacked with 10,000 troops, but it was unreasonable to behead 10,000, and there must be a falsehood in it.

Another example is that Emperor Zhu Houzhao of Zhengde Emperor Wuzong of the Ming Dynasty drove his own expedition and achieved the "Yingzhou Victory" that the Mongols did not dare to go deep for many years. As a result, nearly 100,000 troops on both sides fought for a day, and the Ming army beheaded 16 people, but their own side suffered 563 wounded and 25 killed. Obviously, this casualty figure is awkward, so I think that the soldiers did not like Zhu Houzhao so they deliberately smeared him, or used it as an example of Zhu Houzhao's failure to pretend to be forced.

This problem also bothered Zhao Yu for many years, and it was not until he came to this world and experienced many wars that he realized that although the records in the historical books may be wrong, they are not outrageously wrong.

To answer this question, we must first clarify a concept: what kind of head can be counted as military merit? In ancient times, most of the heads that could be counted were complete human heads obtained by soldiers in hand-to-hand combat, and others, such as corpses that had been beaten to pieces by firearms, could theoretically not be counted in military merits. Those corpses that were snatched by the enemy naturally can't be counted.

Considering the lethality of cold weapons, unless it is an encirclement or rout, the number of enemy troops that can be directly killed on the battlefield is often quite limited. And even in encirclement and rout battles, the number of heads that a soldier can obtain is actually quite limited. As for Li Jing's battle of Yinshan, in fact, it was a very famous defeat battle, and Li Jing's battle also "captured more than 100,000 men and women", and at the same time, it took place in the Khan court of the Eastern Turks with a large number of personnel, so the "more than 10,000 level" victory rate achieved by Li Jing's 10,000 elite soldiers was actually quite low.

The number of beheadings of the Yingzhou Dajie Ming army obtained by Zhu Houzhao in the face of the Mongols was often pitifully low, was it because the Ming army was too unable to fight? Or are the Mongols too capable of fighting? The truth is that there are other reasons, and it's more complicated.

Judging from Zhao Yuhe's many years of experience on the battlefield, although in modern film and television dramas, the ancient battlefield is often presented as a rather chaotic state of melee. However, in the history of wars in ancient and modern times, such and foreign wars have rarely occurred. In most cases on the battlefield, the two armies form a battle formation, and on the basis of maintaining a certain distance, they shoot each other with bows and arrows, or stab each other with spears, so the battlefield brawl in modern film and television dramas is actually a difficult situation in history.

The most likely situation to cause chaos in the battle formation is the so-called "spear pushing" phenomenon caused by the two armies charging too fiercely, but even if it is spear pushing, there will not be the mixed situation of friend and foe in film and television dramas. Therefore, in the situation of the ancient battlefield, when one side advanced fiercely, the other side would be suppressed and retreated. In this case, it is easy for the soldier who keeps moving forward to capture the wounded soldier who the other side has not had time to help as a prisoner, or to cut off the corpse of the soldier who has not had time to drag it away. The enemy troops who are forced to retreat have the opportunity to kill and injure the opposing soldiers even in the process of retreating, but under the suppression of the opponent's spears and other weapons, they have no time to harvest the heads.

Then the Mongols' combat method is not only based on cavalry and archery as everyone thinks, and when fighting, they do not run together, beat their horses forward, suppress the enemy with bows and arrows after approaching, and find out the weaknesses of the defense, and then rush up to break the breakthrough, so as to break the formation and break the enemy's defense. The fact is that although the Mongol cavalry was different from that of the Central Plains Dynasty, they also paid attention to the coordination of small formations.

When the Mongol cavalry engaged, they often fought laterally in squads of three. In the middle of the trio are the hookgunners, armed with hooked scythes and bows, responsible for charging and stabbing; On the right is a mounted archer, armed with a waist knife and a bow and arrow, responsible for early projection and damage; On the left is the sabber man, armed with a waist knife and a bow and arrow, who assists the hookgunner in following up on the slash after breaking through the enemy line.

If there are many enemy troops, the Mongol cavalry will avoid frontal contact, use the cavalry advantage to surround the enemy, and then adopt the tactics of wrapping the enemy, and carry out cavalry shooting and killing in the process of encircling and maneuvering. However, because of the heavy arrows, the Mongols did not have a long distance of riding and shooting, generally between twenty and thirty paces, and the farthest would not exceed fifty paces. Although the distance is very close, the infantry can not move in this situation, once the formation is loosened, the Mongolian cavalry can take advantage of it, and can only hold silently, so the ancients said that a hundred horsemen can wrap ten thousand people, which is the truth.

If the Ming army is small, the Mongolian cavalry will directly rely on the double advantage of strength and cavalry to charge the Ming army. The arm of the sword cavalry is pointed in a straight line with the sword, and the knife is parallel to the horse's head; The archers hold their bows in their left hand and scatter them in their right hands.

Therefore, when the Mongol cavalry attacked, it not only paid attention to the coordination between small detachments, but also was not only equipped with bows and arrows and scimitars, but also spears. The spears of the Mongolian soldiers are also very distinctive, and the hook and sickle spear used is generally six or seven feet long, that is, more than two meters, which can be stabbed and chopped, and another function is that it can also easily hook away the corpses of comrades who died in battle.

In fact, not only did the Central Plains army pay attention to rescuing wounded comrades and collecting comrades-in-arms who died in battle, but the nomads also attached great importance to the remains of the war dead. When the Mongols were fighting, they usually prepared spare horses, with a few two or three horses, and a wealthy one with five or even eight horses. In a three-person combat squad, if one person is killed or injured and falls off his horse during the battle, the rest of the idle people are obliged to snatch the body in time to avoid being cut off by the enemy, otherwise they will be severely punished by military law.

Therefore, after the companion was seriously injured and fell from the horse, the Mongolian cavalry would hook up the companion with a hook and sickle spear, and throw it directly to the extra spare horse. Of course, in addition to punishment, there are also material rewards for the Mongol soldiers to take back their companions or corpses. If you save a nobleman, then after you go back, you will be developed, and the nobleman will take out his armor, equipment, war horses, and money for you to choose; It's not a loss to save ordinary people, and after being rescued, they will take out the things and family property they grabbed and share them equally with their benefactors, if they snatch back the corpse, it will be even cooler!

In short, strong mobility, strict regulations, and high remuneration have made this system continue, and it is difficult for the opposing soldiers to snatch it in battle, so as not to be killed by the Mongols when cutting off their heads, which will outweigh the losses. Therefore, even after winning, you can generally only pick up the corpses that you can't take away and cut off the heads of the corpses that you fall off the horse halfway, and you have to face the strict inspection standards of the science and road officials, so naturally you won't have many heads.

Zhao Yu thought of this as an important reason why in historical records, he often fought hard for a day, but he couldn't get a few heads, and the result was that he was blackened by various officials, and even the Yingzhou victory of Ming Wuzong was recorded so strangely. At present, with the large-scale use of firearms in warfare, for soldiers on the battlefield, the first-level capture rate of hand-to-hand combat has become lower, which is basically comparable to the probability of winning the lottery.

In yesterday's battle, Ni Liang used surprise attacks, focusing on fast forward and retreat, so as not to fall into the encirclement of enemy reinforcements and be counter-killed, so even if he killed a lot of enemies in the battle, he basically had no time to calmly clean up the battlefield and harvest the enemy's head. And the battle to defend the battalion is mainly to use the advantages of mines and artillery, and think about what will become of the corpse of the hit, I'm afraid I don't even know the......