In the West, this appeared earlier and earlier, as early as the period of the Two Rivers civilization, that is, the Mesopotamian civilization.

In the third millennium B.C., the people of the Two Rivers Valley made the first washing goods out of one part grease and five parts alkaline plant ash.

In ancient Roman times, people at that time used the fat dripping from beef and mutton when roasting beef and mutton into the ashes of plants and trees to form fat balls, which were easier to wash clothes with.

In Pompeii, on the Apennine Peninsula, in the second century B.C., there were already formed soap-making workshops, that is, soap-making was already produced on a large scale at this time, and the principle was still the confluence of grease and alkaline substances.

In the East, the earliest used to clean clothes is the fruit of a plant, called soaphorn, even in later generations, there is still an industrial product, called soap powder, and even some manufacturers in order to sell well, call it natural soap powder, it can be seen that soaphorn washing clothes is really easy to use.

In the Yangtze River basin, because there is no honey locust tree, people have found another tree, which has a similar effect to the soap horn, called soap, which is probably the origin of the original name of soap.

In the East, the original synthetic soap used pig pancreas and lard, and the principle is roughly the same as that in the West. Later, there were still places where soap and soap were called pancreas, and this is why.

In fact, the principle of soap is that the oil and alkali are mixed in proportion. This can also be seen from the fact that soap has just flowed into China in later generations, and it is called yangalkali.

Chen Fang remembered that when he traveled with his master, many places actually called soap as cilante.

The soap made in Xiqin is actually difficult to imitate, and it is actually difficult to make a caustic soda. That is, the process of extracting trona from plant ash is replaced by caustic soda. Let soap making get rid of the primitive stage of using plant ash.

This is also the most fundamental difference between industrial soap making and traditional soap making.

For Chen Fang, there is no difficulty in making caustic soda.

Caustic soda is a common name, the chemical name is sodium hydroxide, which belongs to the strong base.

To make caustic soda, two things need to be used, sodium bicarbonate, commonly known as baking soda, and calcium oxide, commonly known as quicklime. Of course, sodium bicarbonate can also be replaced with sodium carbonate, which is commonly known as soda ash.

Baking soda and quicklime are actually not difficult to obtain in this era, both are naturally produced, have royal support, and are not afraid of not getting it.

As for chemical production, Chen Fang can also make it, after all, he is making cosmetics, and chemistry is a compulsory foundation.

However, chemical manufacturing is more troublesome, and Chen Fang did not plan to manufacture soap in large quantities, and the use of natural soap can also support the output.

As long as quicklime is integrated into water to form lime slurry, and then baking soda solids are added, through chemical reactions, sodium hydroxide, that is, caustic soda, can be obtained.

The back is much simpler, no need to repeat, just some proportions.

On the same day, a list entered the palace, and the pink was presented to Wu Meiniang, which was mainly the raw materials for making soap and various spices that needed to be added.

Knowing that it was used to make soap in the Tang Workshop, Wu Meiniang naturally did not hesitate, and asked the six departments to deal with it urgently on the same day.

On the second day, the raw materials had been transported into the Tang Workshop, and the royal affairs were carried out vigorously and resolutely, and there was a mother's will, and those officials of the six ministries had to find their broken legs. If you can't find it, it is likely that Wu Meiniang will really break her leg.

At this time, on the side of the soap workshop, more than a dozen healthy women selected by Meng Fei had already been prepared, and Chen Fang demonstrated the making of caustic soda in front of them.

At this time, it was a small-dose demonstration, and because the caustic soda was a strong alkali, Chen Fang told him not to touch the skin several times, let alone splash his eyes.

Chen Fang looked at more than a dozen healthy women making alkali, corrected them carefully, and saw that one of the healthy women did not do what he said, and directly kicked the other party's buttocks.

Chen Fang was rarely angry, but he startled the healthy woman.

"Get out!"

Chen Fang pointed to the door, caustic soda is made here, but the most taboo is that caustic soda hurts himself.

In line with the principle of safety first, Chen Fang will never allow anyone to come here.

When night fell, a few more butter candles were lit in the manna hall, and more than a dozen palace maids were waiting here, and they had already put clear water in front of them.

At this time, if you look closely at these palace maids, they all have dirty hands and faces, and they look dirty, but they are deliberately made like this.

The palace maid is waiting here, and in the main seat of the main hall, Wu Meiniang is pulling Li Zhi and looking at the main entrance of the main hall.

"Your Majesty, Niangniang, Master Ma has entered the Xuande Gate with Her Royal Highness the Princess!"

"Your Majesty, Niangniang, Master Ma and Her Royal Highness the Princess have passed the Lingyan Pavilion!"

"Your Majesty, Niangniang, the princess has passed the Divine Dragon Hall with Her Royal Highness the Princess!"

...

From time to time, a little eunuch ran into the Ganlu Hall and reported to Wu Meiniang and Li Zhiyu the itinerary of the eldest princess and Her Royal Highness.

When Chen Fang approached the Ganlu Hall with Yiyang, he had already seen His Majesty Niangniang walk out of the Ganlu Hall from a distance, and behind them, there were many concubines, princesses, princesses, and princesses.

The four concubines and nine concubines are all waiting here. The crown prince and the princesses also followed the team of the concubines.

Chen Fang glanced at it, and only sighed that His Majesty and Niangniang attached great importance to soap making.

In fact, Chen Fang didn't know, in fact, for His Majesty's mother, this scene was not satisfactory to them.

Originally, His Majesty proposed to invite all the civil and military princes, princes and nobles to participate tomorrow morning.

But he really didn't want to wait until tomorrow, and today Chen Fang sent someone to report to the palace that it was too late, and it was too late to invite all the civil and military forces at this time.

Therefore, His Majesty's mother only asked people to notify the concubines and the princess to come.

The Ganlu Hall was brightly lit at this time, and the concubines and princesses stood on both sides of the two saints.

Chen Fang was about to salute with Yiyang, but was supported by Li Zhi and Wu Meiniang, who had already walked down the steps quickly.

At this time, you can't bow down and bow down.

"Enter the temple!"

In the manna hall, the two saints sit in the right position, and the concubines and princesses sit on both sides.

The nearest seat next to His Majesty's mother was vacant at this time, and everyone understood that it was reserved for the concubine and the princess.

"Your Majesty, fortunately, the soap has been made today, please appreciate Your Majesty's mother!"

At this time, Chen Fang personally carried a silver tray and walked towards the second saint, originally according to the usual practice, no matter who offered something, it would be the great eunuch who took it, and then presented it to His Majesty.

Because of the previous dynasty's borrowing and offering of the east and west to the assassination. Among them, the most famous is that Jing Ke lent the map of the city of Yan to the king of Qin, and then saw the poor dagger and assassinated the king of Qin.

Therefore, in all subsequent dynasties, the great eunuchs took the items and presented them to His Majesty.

Today, however, Li Zhi does not pay attention to this. In fact, he trusts Chen Fang more than anyone else, this is his emperor's son-in-law.

Chen Fang carried the silver tray to the second saint. Peeling off the pale yellow silk cloth that covered it, the twelve fast crystal soap blocks had already appeared in front of the two saints.

"Your Majesty, please take a look!"

"Take Xiqin's soap!"